Untereisenheim
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Untereisenheim
Community Eisenheim
Coordinates: 49 ° 52 '58 " N , 10 ° 9' 32" E
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| Height : | 202 m |
| Residents : | 640 |
| Incorporation : | 1978 |
| Incorporated into: | Eisenheim |
| Postal code : | 97247 |
| Area code : | 09386 |
 Untereisenheim from the south
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Untereisenheim is a district of the market Eisenheim in the Lower Franconian district of Würzburg .
Geographical location
The Kirchdorf Untereisenheim is centrally located in the municipality of Eisenheim. In the north there is an unpopulated area on the Untereisenheim district, in the northeast there is Obereisenheim . To the southeast, separated by the Main , is the Volkach district of Fahr in the Kitzingen district , while the hamlet of Kaltenhausen is to the south . The community of Prosselsheim begins in the west, the Püssensheim district is closest to Untereisenheim.
history
After the two villages of Ober- and Untereisenheim were initially called "Isanesheim", home of Isan, in the 8th century, the two villages came to the Fulda Monastery on a common market . Before that, they were probably owned by the Lobdengaugrafen Warin and his wife Friederun, the Mattons around Matto and his brother Megingaud the Younger and the Franconian Reginold. Gradually, the Boniface Abbey came into the possession of the villages.
In the centuries that followed, the two villages diverged. Untereisenheim remained a parish after Obereisenheim for some time. It was not until 1469 that the village received its own parish . Untereisenheim had frequently changing village lords over the centuries. Almost a third of the area was owned by the Cistercian monastery of Ebrach . The jurisdiction held the Hochstift Würzburg .
During the Reformation in the 16th century, the village's population was religiously divided. The majority of the population remained Catholic, but some families became Evangelical Lutheran. In 1578 ten families were evicted from the village because they refused to convert to Catholicism again. In 1631 the Swedes invaded the village in the Thirty Years War . The conquerors looted the village for a total of 14 days and nights.
Former parish
The municipality of Untereisenheim with its places Untereisenheim, Kaltenhausen and Schiffmühle belonged to the Volkach District Office until 1872 and when it was dissolved it became part of the Gerolzhofen District Office , later the Gerolzhofen District . On July 1, 1972, the community came to the district of Würzburg , since the district of Gerolzhofen was dissolved. In 1978 the new community Eisenheim was formed from the communities Obereisenheim and Untereisenheim.
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
The center of the village is the Catholic parish church Mariae Himmelfahrt. The basement of the tower dates back to around 1400. In the course of the Counter Reformation , the tower was raised in 1582 and covered with a new dome. After the choir and the nave had become dilapidated, they were rebuilt from 1752 to 1756 by the Arnstein master builder Johann Müller. The oldest pieces of equipment inside are a crucifix and a Madonna, both of which can be attributed to Riemenschneider's influence .
Like the nearby Obereisenheim, the place used to have a complete village fortification. Remnants of the wall have survived to this day. Noteworthy is a three meter high semicircular tower east of the church. The many wayside shrines in the Untereisenheim area are a special feature. They testify to the popular piety of the Catholic town. The cemetery chapel dates back to 1607.
Say
The black cat
In the past, people had to fetch water from the pump wells that were all over the village. There they reported the news of the village and exchanged secret and confidential matters. Only the pump in front of house number 16 was avoided by the villagers, because if you talked to each other there in private, the whole village would be informed of the secrets the next day.
Two women who had also talked on the pump noticed that a black cat was crouching on the pump stick. She was always there when confidential matters were discussed. So the two decided to punish the animal and beat her. When the animal was dead, an old woman died shortly afterwards in the neighboring house. The residents blamed her for the gossip and told each other that the woman had turned into the cat during the day .
The mother in the mouse
A mother had been sick in bed at home for a long time. Her husband had died a long time and she had to send the teenage children to work in the family's fields . She spent long days alone in the house and began to question the children's work. “Whether they did the field work right” and “whether they were hardworking”? She wanted to be a little mouse and watch her children.
In the meantime, the children had finished their work in the field and sat down on the edge of the field to have a snack . Something rustled in the mown straw and a mouse looked at the children. The children, who had collected every single grain for their mother, were annoyed with the grain thief. So they killed the mouse. When they got home they found their mother lying dead in bed, the wish had come true.
Michel and Jörg
The two villagers Michel and Jörg were good friends. Both talked frequently about the afterlife. They agreed that whoever died first of the two should send a message from the realm of the dead to the person left behind. The survivor was supposed to go to the local cemetery at twelve o'clock at night on the third day after the other's funeral and put his ear to the friend's grave.
Already after a short time Michel died and Jörg hoped to be the first person to find out what awaits him after death. Jörg went to the churchyard and waited until the clock struck midnight . He put his ear to the fresh burial mound and listened to what the dead friend had to say. Then the earth parted and a white dead hand grabbed the curious man's head. The next day they found Jörg lying dead on his friend's grave with his neck twisted.
Viticulture
Untereisenheim is today a wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . There is a vineyard around the village, the wine has been marketed under the name Untereisenheimer Sonnenberg since the 1970s. Untereisenheim is part of the range Volkacher Main loop until 2017, the wineries in area were Maindreieck summarized. The limestone soils around Untereisenheim are also suitable for growing wine, as is the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.
The people around Untereisenheim have been growing wine since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the largest contiguous wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main.
Viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s.
In Untereisenheim, viticulture shapes the course of the year. Several wineries have their headquarters in and operate during the spring and summer months Heckenwirtschaften . In addition, the winemakers annually appoint a wine princess who represents Untereisenheim wine. The focus of the festival calendar, however, is the so-called tent wine festival, which takes place in mid-April.
| Vineyard | Size 1830 | Size 1940 | Size 1976 | Size 1993 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Great location |
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| Sonnenberg | 98 ha | 29 hectares | 56 ha | 100 ha | South East | 30% | Müller-Thurgau | Volkacher Kirchberg |
literature
- Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford 2 1993.
- Franz Pfrang: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 23-28.
- Karl Treutwein : From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim. History, sights, traditions . Volkach 1987.
Web links
- Untereisenheim in the location database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on May 30, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 239.
- ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB 740801384 , p. 196 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 214–215 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version - Volkach district, footnote 2).
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Hrsg.): The municipalities of Bavaria according to the territorial status May 25, 1987. The population of the municipalities of Bavaria and the changes in the acquisitions and territory from 1840 to 1987 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 451). Munich 1991, p. 118–119 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00070717-7 ( digitized version - footnote 18).
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 238.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 240.
- ^ Treutwein, Karl: From Abtswind to Zeilitzheim . P. 241.
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
- ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area , PDF file, accessed on May 16, 2019.
- ^ Pfrang, Franz: The history of viticulture on the Main loop . P. 28.
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237.
