Unterdürrbach

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Unterdürrbach
City of Würzburg
Coordinates: 49 ° 48 ′ 39 ″  N , 9 ° 55 ′ 14 ″  E
Height : 192 m
Residents : 1820  (December 31, 2011)
Incorporation : July 1, 1976
Postal code : 97080
Area code : 0931

Unterdürrbach is a district of Würzburg (No. 22) in the Dürrbachtal district . The parish village was an independent municipality until 1976 and was incorporated into the city of Würzburg together with several other places.

Geographical location

Unterdürrbach is located in the center of the Dürrbachtal district, which is located in the north of Würzburg. Further to the north is Oberdürrbach , with which Unterdürrbach is connected via the state road Wüs 21, known in the local area as Dürrbachtal. In the northeast the Rotkreuzhof can be found on the Kopberg, further to the northeast, separated by mountains, is the Versbach district in the district of the same name. To the south-east is the Würzburg main station , about 1.5 kilometers away , but the Schalksberg (with the Bismarck tower in the Grombühl district at 302 m above sea level) and the Steinberg (with the so-called Steinburg) separate Unterdürrbach from the station. The connection to the city center is ensured via the Dürrbachau district , which can be found in the southwest. The west is filled by a large industrial area that connects Würzburg with Veitshöchheim . To the northwest is the Schenkenturm airfield on the Guckelesberg, further to the northwest is the core town of Veitshöchheim.

The Balthasar-Neumann-Kaserne, which is also located in the Veitshöchheim area, joins in the north-northwest. However, the large projects training area on the so-called Schenkenfeld far into the sub-Dürr Bacher district. Above the Pfaffenberg in the southwest of the village, it can be found immediately north of the built-up area.

The landscape of Unterdürrbach is characterized by mountainous surroundings, which for a long time only allowed building along the Dürrbach valley. The Dürrbach itself, which flows through the middle of the village, has dried up most of the year and can only be seen after heavy rainfall. It flows from Oberdürrbach in the direction of the Dürrbachau / Main . In terms of its natural surroundings, the former parish village lies in the so-called Würzburg Mainseitentälern (135.0), which belong to the Wern-Lauer-Platten . Shell limestone soils predominate here , which are also suitable for viticulture.

history

The place name derives from the water Dürrbach, which flows through the place. As early as the 8th century, the Würzburg canons owned properties in the valley that was then still called the "Habuchotal". (Unter-) Dürrbach was first mentioned in a document in 1160. At that time, the late canon and schoolmaster Gozelin gave his goods in the place to the altar of St. Kilian. Only ten years later, in 1170, under Bishop Herold von Hochheim, the draining of the swamp and the planned settlement of people in the Dürrbachtal began.

The Oberzell monastery quickly acquired some properties in Dürrbach. First they received 16 acres , in 1178 the monks Bishop Reginhard handed over three hubs in the valley. In the north-west of the newly created Unterdürrbach was the village of Roßberg, which no longer exists today and belonged to the Roßberg taverns. In 1202 the taverns even began to build a castle above Unterdürrbach. The first lord of the castle was Schenk Eberhard, who also held a post as arbitrator for the Würzburg bishop.

The tavern lock was destroyed in 1525 by the rebellious peasants in the German Peasants' War. Subsequently, a large amount of reparation was wrested from the Unterdürrbachers and their neighbors, but the destruction was too severe and the castle remained in ruins . The Roßberg taverns were paid for by the Würzburg prince-bishop in 1537 and the ruins became the property of the bishopric .

The village of Unterdürrbach was part of the Würzburg district until the 16th century , but the residents tried for a long time to have their own district. In 1575 the residents began to create the desired demarcation themselves by marking out several fields around the village with stones. It was not until 1580 that this act was officially recognized. On July 1, 1976 Unterdürrbach was incorporated into Würzburg together with Oberdürrbach, Schafhof and Ziegelhütte.

Culture and sights

The parish church of St. Rochus and St. Sebastian in the center of Unterdürrbach

Several monuments have been preserved in and around Unterdürrbach, which have been placed under special protection by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . The center of the former village is the Catholic parish church of St. Rochus and St. Sebastian. It presents itself as a small gable roof building with a roof turret with an onion hood attached to the west . The church was built in its present form around 1800 in the late Baroque style. A crucifixion group from the second half of the 18th century has been preserved in front of the church.

At Veitshöchheimer Straße 98, in the far west of the district, there is also the Catholic Curate Church of the Holy Spirit. It was built in 1958 in the so-called post-war modern style. The well-known architects Alois Giefer and Hermann Mäckler were responsible for its construction. The church was built on a triangular floor plan and was built as a rectangular building made of red sandstone. It ends with a lintel dome .

The remains of the tavern lock on Roßberg and the underground remains of the Roßberg settlement are now also under protection. In 1889, in the midst of the ruins, one of the towers of the former castle was rebuilt, using components from the 13th century. The tower is now used as a lookout point . Another vantage point is the so-called Moltkeruh am Steinberg. Around 1900 a small octagonal iron grid construction with a flat tent roof was built .

The parish's former rectory , a mansard roof building from the late 18th century, has also been preserved. However, it is the only protected residential building in Unterdürrbach. Much more common, however, are wayside shrines and other small memorials that are typical of Catholic places in Franconia . They are spread all over the district. The oldest have been preserved from the 17th century. The so-called butcher's shrine with the depiction of the crucifixion on Mount Golgotha ​​is particularly magnificent.

Viticulture

Unterdürrbach is a wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . There is a vineyard around the village; the wine has been marketed under the name Pfaffenberg since the 1970s, which gives an indication of the influence of the monasteries on the history of viticulture. Unterdürrbach is part of the region Main south until 2017, the wineries in area were Maindreieck summarized. The limestone soils around Unterdürrbach are also suitable for growing wine, as is the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.

The people around Unterdürrbach have been growing wine since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the largest contiguous wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main.

Viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s.

Vineyard Size 1993 Compass direction Slope Main grape varieties Great location
Pfaffenberg 60 ha South, southeast 25-40% Silvaner , Müller-Thurgau Würzburg Marienberg

literature

  • Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford 2 1993.
  • Christian Will: Unterdürrbach . In: The municipalities of the district of Würzburg . Würzburg 1963/1964. Pp. 140-141.

Web links

Commons : Unterdürrbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ WürzburgWiki: Unterdürrbach , accessed on July 30, 2019.
  2. ↑ Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online: Unterdürrbach , accessed on July 29, 2019.
  3. ↑ Geography Giersbeck: Map 152 Würzburg , PDF file, accessed on July 30 of 2019.
  4. ^ Will, Christian: Unterdürrbach . P. 141.
  5. ↑ WürzburgWiki: Unterdürrbach , accessed on July 30, 2019.
  6. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
  7. ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area , PDF file, accessed on May 16, 2019.
  8. ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237.