Benedictine monastery Schweinfurt
The Benedictine monastery Schweinfurt Stella Petri ( German: Peterstern ) gave the castle hill Peterstirn its name. It was founded in the 11th century at the historical place of origin in Schweinfurt , on which a margravial castle with a settlement at the foot of the mountain was already located, which was first mentioned in 791. The settlement and castle were finally abandoned after the imperial city of Schweinfurt, first mentioned in 1254, was founded two kilometers to the west in place of today's old town . Not far above the Peterstirn was an imperial castle of unknown age. Schweinfurter Peterstirn is the name of the vineyard on the steep slope of the Burgberg to the Main . It is free of large areas and belongs to the Franconian wine-growing region , Volkacher Mainschleife area . A historic castle complex was built on the Peterstirn castle hill in 1874 and has been home to a winery since the 1980s.
location
The Peterstirn is on a mountain spur between the Main and Höllental , in vineyards, at 235 m above sea level. NN. It is located east of the villa district Kiliansberg , on the old Mainleitenstrasse , the eastern exit of Schweinfurt, to Bamberg . The city exit in the Main Valley, along the railway line to Bamberg, has only had local significance since the completion of Autobahn 70 and still has a historical character today.
history
middle Ages
The ancestral castle of the twelve castles of the margraves of Schweinfurt , whose sphere of influence around the year 1000 encompassed the whole of Eastern Franconia and the Upper Palatinate into the Bavarian Forest to Cham , was located on the Peterstirn . The first Margrave of Schweinfurt Berthold received the Nordgau (Bavaria) , roughly today's Upper Palatinate, as a thank you from King Otto. I. (936–973), from 962 Roman-German Emperor , because he gave him valuable weapon aid in the fight against rebellious tribal dukes. The margraves had a great influence on the Roman-German emperors . After the defeat of Margrave Heinrich von Schweinfurt , called Hezilo , against King Heinrich II , Eilica, Hezilo's mother, founded a nunnery below the castle around 1015. After a few changes of ownership, the women's monastery was converted into a Benedictine monastery called Stella Petri around 1055 , in German Peterstern , which in the course of time became Peterbirn .
After the death of the last margrave, the Teutonic Order took over the dilapidated monastery and castle with papal approval in 1283 and fortified them with towers and fortifications , which led to a lengthy conflict with the nearby imperial city of Schweinfurt. In 1437 the imperial city resolved the conflict by buying the Teutschhaus . Against the resistance of the diocese of Würzburg , the former monastery castle was undermined by the Schweinfurters and blown up with powder.
See also: Schweinfurt, early Middle Ages
Judith of Schweinfurt
Judith von Schweinfurt is a central figure in the history of the old town of Schweinfurt, in which historical traditions are combined with legends .
The son Hezilos Otto von Schweinfurt becomes Duke of Swabia in 1048 . One of Otto's five daughters, Judith, is said to have become Queen of Hungary in her second marriage . She first marries Duke Bretislav of Bohemia . The Schweinfurters have transfigured what was probably a pure power connection into legend: when the amorous Bretislav Judith from the family's ancestral home stole Peter's forehead, she is said to have lost a red shoe in a hurry on the steep road down to the Main . The legend is reminiscent of a stone shoe embedded in stone in a niche with a bench halfway up the road up to Peterstirn. In the 1980s, a stranger broke the shoe out of the memorial, since then it has been replaced by a cement copy.
Bretislav married Judith, who had numerous children, including Spitignew, Duke of Bohemia , Vratislaw II, King of Bohemia, Konrad, Duke of Znaim , Jaromir, Bishop of Prague and German Chancellor, and Otto, Duke of Olomouc . Bretislaw died in 1055. There is no evidence of whether she married King Peter of Hungary afterwards. Only in the Czech Republic do they stick to tradition. Judith probably finally withdrew to a castle in the Principality of Znojmo, which was ruled by her favorite son Konrad. Here she found her first resting place. Then she was transferred to the Lady Chapel in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague and buried at the side of her husband Bretislaw.
Modern times
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When planning the railway from Bamberg to Schweinfurt Central Station, consideration was given to tunneling under the Peterstirn Castle Hill for a northern bypass of the city, but this was abandoned. In 1853, when the railway was being built, the former crypt was found .
In 1873–1874 a historicist castle-like complex was built. The builders were the Schweinfurt magistrates Carl Sattler and Friedrich Herding.
Today a Schweinfurt winery uses the premises on the Peterstirn. Remnants of the old facility are recorded by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation under the number D-6-62-000-23 together with an observation tower. Remains of the castle stables lying in the ground are listed under the number DD-6-5927-0002. The buildings from the 19th century were given the number D-6-62-000-22.
Architecture and equipment
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Access with the coat of arms of
the city of Schweinfurt ... |
... and Karlsturm (both 1874)
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middle Ages
In the 11th century a bell tower is attested for the monastery church , a nuns choir is to be assumed. A chapel and several altars were donated to the monastery between 1183 and 1195. In the crypt there was an abbot's sarcophagus . Today only the remains of the neck ditches of the old monastery castle can be seen. A stone tablet refers to the year 1621.
Modern times
The historicist castle from the 19th century has a two-story tower (the so-called Karlsturm). It is crowned with battlements . There is another tower in the north of the facility. A mighty castle gate and a wall from 1874 surround the site. The restored ceiling paintings are by Johann Ernst Sattler and Hans Thoma , one of the most important representatives of 19th century German painting, some of whom are on display in the Georg Schäfer Museum.
Events
Twice a year, in early summer and August, the local winery hosts a wine festival in the courtyard and the adjacent vineyards.
See also
literature
- Walter Schilling: The castles, palaces and mansions of Lower Franconia . 1st edition. Echter Verlag, Würzburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-429-03516-7 , pp. 30-31.
- Erich Schneider : "a pretty, very big church" - on the art history of Schweinfurt in the Middle Ages . In: Erich Schneider, Bernd Schneidmüller (Hrsg.): 1000 years ago - the Schweinfurt feud and the landscape on the Obermain 1003 . Schweinfurt 2004, ISBN 3-936042-01-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Schweinfurt City | Culture | Topics. Special edition of the Schweinfurter Tagblatt for the Handelsblatt and DIE ZEIT: Mikroschauplatz der deutschen Geschichte , p. 4, May 20, 2009
- ^ BayernAtlas
- ↑ Rudolf Endres: The role of the counts of in the settlement of Northeast Bavaria , yearbook for Franconian regional research 1972, p. 7 and F. Stein: Das Margräfliche Haus von Schweinfurt , p. 27 ff.
- ^ The important role of the Margraves of Schweinfurt from 973-1057 at www.schweinfurtfuehrer.de , accessed on February 9, 2016
- ^ House of Bavarian History: Peterstirn Monastery , accessed on April 4, 2013.
- ↑ Princess Judith von der Peterstirn and the Margraves of Schweinfurt at www.schweinfurtfuehrer.de , accessed on February 10, 2016
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
- ^ Weingut Dahms: History of the winery , accessed on April 4, 2013.
- ↑ Schilling, Walter: Castles, palaces and mansions in Lower Franconia , p. 30.
- ↑ http://www.schweinfurtfuehrer.de/sehenswerte/die-peterstirn/ accessed on February 9, 2016
Coordinates: 50 ° 3 ′ 4.8 ″ N , 10 ° 15 ′ 10.5 ″ E