Schwarzenau (Schwarzach am Main)
|
Schwarzenau
Schwarzach am Main market
Coordinates: 49 ° 48 ′ 22 ″ N , 10 ° 12 ′ 52 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 194 m |
| Area : | 3.59 km² |
| Residents : | 517 (1987) |
| Population density : | 144 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1971 |
| Postal code : | 97359 |
| Area code : | 09324 |
 Location of Schwarzenau (bold) within the Schwarzach municipality
|
|
 |
|
Schwarzenau is a district of the market Schwarzach am Main in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen in Bavaria . Schwarzenau was an independent municipality until it merged with five other places in the 1970s. The area around the village has been settled continuously since the Paleolithic , as demonstrated by planned excavations in the 1960s. Schwarzenau later rose to become a very rich village, especially because of its ford across the Main.
For centuries, the center of the settlement was the manor , which was claimed by several noble families. Today the building houses a teaching and research institute for pig farming, which is operated by the Bavarian State Institute for Agriculture. The ford later received a ferry station and was spanned in the 19th century with a bridge over the Main, which can be found south of the town today.
Geographical location
Geography and natural location
Schwarzenau is located in the far west of the Schwarzach municipality, as the only district on the left side of the Main . Coming from the northwest, the river flows past the village in an elongated arc in the east and then turns to the southwest. To the north, separated by the Main, is Sommerach on the Weininsel . The opposite bank of the Main is dominated by the three Schwarzach districts (from north to south) Gerlachshausen , Münsterschwarzach and Stadtschwarzach , which have now grown together. Hörblach is some distance in the southeast. On the west side, the Schwarzenau district borders on the area of Dettelbach , the area of the core city is closest to the place. Only in the very north-west rises Dettelbach- Neuses am Berg .
Closest, larger cities are Volkach , which is about 7 kilometers away, and Kitzingen , which is about 8 kilometers away. The next big city is Würzburg, about 20 kilometers away .
In terms of natural surroundings, Schwarzenau can be found on the western edge of the so-called Schwarzacher valley widening (also Schwarzacher basin). The section of the Middle Main Valley is characterized by its flat sections directly adjoining the Main. The valley widening is also densely populated because of its fertile soil. In addition, the Volkacher Mainschleife natural area, which is also part of the Main Valley, protrudes in the far north of the district . In the far west of the district, the Gäuf area begins in the northern Main Triangle , which is dominated by large arable land .
The district is located in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the driest and warmest climate zones in Germany. This also explains the viticulture, which for centuries played an important economic role for Schwarzenau. In contrast to the eastern side of the Main with its Keuper soils, rocks of the shell limestone predominate in the west of the Schwarzach Basin . The geological area in the far west has clay and loess loam soils.
Schwarzenau is dominated hydrologically by the Main, which crosses the district in the east. With the Main Canal between Volkach and Gerlachshausen, an important shipping route borders the Schwarzenau district immediately to the north. In contrast to the other districts of Schwarzach, there are no smaller rivers around Schwarzenau that tend towards the Main. Instead, the so-called “growing lake ” can be found immediately to the east of the built-up area , which is already mentioned in historical sources. In the 20th century, several originated in the extreme north of the unit area Schwarzenau lakes with main access. The largest lake is the Schwarzenausee.
Village structure
The Schwarzenau district occupies an area of 3.5 km². The built-up area can be found in the south-east near the Main. Schwarzenau emerged as a street village parallel to the main street along today's Mainstrasse and Stadtschwarzacher Strasse. The focal point was the area around the manor and church. In the middle of the 20th century, a large estate was built west of the old town, which is now occupied by the teaching and research institute for pig farming. In the east of the old town, a campsite was established on the Main meadows. In addition, new development areas were built , especially in the north, and the built-up area multiplied.
The sports fields of the local club, which can be found in the far west, have been outsourced to the district . A quarry, which has since been closed, was built here in the 19th century . The south is occupied by a small area of forest, the so-called paradise. A repatriate farm was also built here with the so-called Waldhof. The Lower Franconia beekeeping center was built between the old town and the Aussiedlerhof.
Schwarzenau has large areas in particular along the Main and in the north of the district that have been placed under protection by the nature conservation authorities. The Fauna-Flora-Habitat (FFH) Mainaue stretches between Grafenrheinfeld and Kitzingen along the river. In addition, the site has share in the conservation area Volkacher Mainschleife. The Maintal bird sanctuary between Schweinfurt and Dettelbach also touches the district. The Leitenberg, registered as a natural monument, between Neuses am Berg and Schwarzenau, with its great biodiversity, is under special protection .
history
Prehistory and early history
Schwarzenau has a very long history of settlement. In contrast to the other districts of Schwarzach, a settlement continuity since the Stone Age can be traced by reading finds and excavations in the 1960s. However, the Paleolithic is only represented with the finds of a wild horse and a mammoth molar, which is why the presence of people in the Schwarzach Basin at this time can only be confirmed in the adjacent Hörblach district.
Finds from the Mesolithic period were made in the far north of the district. A settlement with 20 to 30 huts was identified by the discoloration of the surfaces. A band ceramic kump was also excavated in this area . The settlement of the band ceramics was later also used by the people of the Rössen culture , which is proven by the discovery of a small millstone . This means that the area around Schwarzenau was already permanently inhabited by people 4600 years ago.
The Bronze Age is represented with significantly fewer finds. A bronze brooch from the Hallstatt period was found on Roßweg, much closer to the area that is built up today . Fragments of a weaving weight and the needle rest of a prehistoric loom were also found . The settlement probably changed its location because the river Main had changed its bed over time. Near the Geißberg, today already in the district of Dettelbach, was the cemetery assigned to the settlement. Nine hills could be identified.
The finds from the Latène period , which were made directly on site from 1963, are particularly significant . In this way, a 10 m long hut could be located, which was already aligned with the ford in the Main . An iron ring and a knife were also found during construction work. An excavated glass bracelet fragment is particularly rare in the region around the Main Triangle. During the migration of the peoples, there were initially Celtic tribal associations in Schwarzenau .
The Franks began to advance into the basin from the 6th century. They brought Christianity with them to the Main and established the first administrative borders, the so-called Gaue. The later Schwarzenau was south of the Schwarzachbach and was thus part of the Iffgau. However, the place did not appear in the sources when the Münsterschwarzach monastery was founded in the 8th century and was also not mentioned in a document from 918 in which most of the places in the valley were first mentioned.
That is why one was dependent on projections in the early Middle Ages . The furnishings of the Münsterschwarzach women's monastery also included properties to the right of the Main, where the Counts of Castell were wealthy. Schwarzenau was of great economic importance even before it was first mentioned, as it was located on a Main ford. Here the traffic ran between the Franconian royal court in Dettelbach and the Steigerwald. In 849 a Münsterschwarzacher Zehnthof is said to have been located in the village.
middle Ages
Schwarzenau was first mentioned in a document in 1074. Bishop Adalbero gave a vineyard in "Swartzenauwe" to Abbot Egbert from Kloster Münsterschwarzach . However, the Counts of Castell still held most of the village in their possession. This did not change until 1135, when Heinrich von Gerlachshausen, who is assigned to the castellans, gave away his rights to the monastery. Schwarzenau was ecclesiastically assigned to the parish church in Gerlachshausen at this time .
In the following centuries, a large part of the place was subordinate to the nearby Benedictine monastery. In 1165 a wave of plague struck the population of Schwarzenau. In 1326, the Würzburg bishop Wolfram von Grumbach confirmed the large and small tithe in Schwarzenau for the Münsterschwarzach monastery. At the same time, the early medieval, departmental Zehnthof became more and more alienated from the monastery and finally came into the hands of the Counts of Henneberg , who were to rule Schwarzenau into the 19th century.
Schwarzenau was first associated with the Hennebergers in the oldest fief book of the noble family, which was created by Berthold VII († 1340). The counts, who lived far away, gave Schwarzenau as a fief to the lower nobility. "Johans von Tetelbach" was mentioned for the first time as a fiefdom holder. The knights of Dettelbach from the neighboring town remained in possession of the fief in 1383, when Otto and Kunz von Dettelbach received the property.
In the period that followed, the fiefdoms changed quite frequently. The widow of the younger Johann von Dettelbach, Elisabeth, tried to transfer the fiefdom to her brother Eberhard von Seinsheim . At the end of the 14th century, the Henneberg part went to Katharina, the widow of Johann von Lichtenstein . In 1436 the knight Friedrich von Wolfskeel held the fief. Eventually the village was sold to Albrecht Schrimpf, whereby the rich aristocrat Erkinger von Seinsheim also showed interest in the fief.
The various noble families also had a moated castle on the outskirts, which temporarily served as a seat. This so-called old castle was located in today's Mainstrasse and was first mentioned in a document at the end of the 15th century. In the 18th century the castle was moved near the church and the New Castle was built. In addition to the Münsterschwarzach monastery and the owners of the Henneberg fiefdom, other families such as the Seckendorff in Schwarzenau were also wealthy in the late Middle Ages .
Early modern age
At the transition to the 16th century, Schwarzenau was still in the hands of the Schrimpf family as a fiefdom of the Counts of Henneberg. In 1516 the brothers Kunz and Jörg Schrimpf were enfeoffed with the village, in 1530 Kunz came into sole possession. Schwarzenau was described in the fiefdom deed. Large parts of the village were centered freely and not the judicial sovereignty of the Würzburg prince bishop assumed. In addition, there was an economically strong sheep farm in the village, and the ferry also provided regular income.
That is why the prince-bishops tried to gain influence in Schwarzenau in the period that followed. From 1542 they were allowed to take the ferry for free, and in 1544 they bought the tithe from the Münsterschwarzach monastery as a tax in kind. From 1558 onwards, the rich Schwarzenau led to disputes between several noble families, because the Schrimpf family died out in the male line that year. The husbands of the sisters of the last Schrimpf quickly asserted their claims to the Henneberg fiefdom.
Throughout the second half of the sixteenth century there was a dispute over the fiefdom. First, Christoph von Ebersberg received Schwarzenau on behalf of his wife, and in 1562 Gabriel von Heßberg sold the fiefdom. In a document from the same time, Schwarzenau was designated as an accessory to the castle in Öttershausen and the Rau von Holzhausen was given the prospect of becoming future masters of the village. In 1585 Messrs Wolf Christoph Marschalk von Ostheim, Moritz von Zedtwitz and Otto Heinrich von Ebersberg sued the Reich Chamber of Commerce against Würzburg.
The disputes were not settled until 1588. Elector Christian von Sachsen and Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Sachsen-Weimar , who were now responsible for the granting of fiefdoms of the Henneberg property, gave Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn as husband of Ottilie Rau von Holzhausen the fiefdom of Schwarzenau. Valentin Echter, the brother of Prince-Bishop Julius , built the New Palace in his fiefdom, had the church built in 1592 and in 1609 elevated Schwarzenau to an independent parish.
While Schwarzenau was largely spared the armed conflicts in the German Peasants 'War , the village was hit all the harder by the Swedish incursion in the Thirty Years' War in 1631 . At times the Franciscans of Dettelbach had to take over pastoral care in the place because no secular priest could be found as a pastor. In 1689 the Schwarzenau parish dissolved and the place became a branch of Stadtschwarzach.
In the second half of the 17th century, however, the feudal issue became virulent again. Franz Echter von Mespelbrunn died soon after receiving the fief, with which and the Echter family went out. In the years that followed, three noble families shaped the struggle for the fiefdom. The Ingelheim , the Dernbach and the Erthal , all of whom were able to assert claims based on family relationships with the Echter. At first the Ingelheim took possession of the place. However, in 1666 the community defended itself and asked for protection from the new masters.
From 1672, Ingelheim and Dernbach split Schwarzenau after a compromise . Two years later, however, the von Erthal family intervened. In 1681 the Count of Dernbach and the von Erthal brothers were enfeoffed with Schwarzenau. Schwarzenau was subsequently referred to as "the pearl among the Elfershausen family estates". A viable solution was not found until 1729. The von Ingelheim family recognized the possession of the von Erthal family.
Modern times: In Bavaria
The inheritance occurred at the beginning of the 19th century and the last Herr von Erthal, Lothar Franz , sold Schwarzenau to the Counts of Ingelheim on July 30, 1802. In 1807, Friedrich Karl Graf von Ingelheim was officially enfeoffed with the village. Already in 1803 Schwarzenau was, however, by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss to Kurpfalz-Bayern fallen. After an interim period in the Grand Duchy of Würzburg , the place finally came to Bavaria in 1814. The aristocratic lords were still able to unite traditional rights for some time.
In 1820 a patrimonial court was set up that allowed the Lords of Ingelheim in Schwarzenau to exercise lower jurisdiction. After the rights were challenged for the first time in 1827, it was not until 1831 that the Ingelheim family finally gave up their claims to patrimonial jurisdiction. In 1848 all fiefdoms were replaced and Schwarzenau was henceforth a pure rural community in the Kingdom of Bavaria .
The gradual transition to Bavaria was not the only thing that moved the Schwarzenauer. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Main Ferry made the village a central point of passage for the various armies. In 1796 Archduke Karl crossed the Main before the Battle of Würzburg and in 1806 Napoleon was even brought across the river himself. On May 14, 1812, Napoleon crossed again near Schwarzenau before the Russian campaign .
The volunteer fire brigade was founded in Schwarzenau in 1877 . In 1889, the construction of the Main Bridge began to replace the centuries-old ferry. The city of Dettelbach in particular tried to build a permanent crossing of the Main in order to increase the flow of goods. Shortly after the bridge was completed, a Raiffeisen bank was founded in Schwarzenau and Stadtschwarzach in 1897 . In 1907 the place received a post office, in 1920 a police station . In 1927, however, the police were relocated to the larger city of Schwarzach.
With a total of 46 deaths in both world wars, the Schwarzenauers had to pay a high price for German expansion efforts. On April 5, 1945, the retreating Wehrmacht blew up the Main Bridge. After the war, the Free State of Bavaria acquired the estate in the heart of the village. In 1960 Schwarzenau was connected to the long-distance water supply . Together with other communities, Schwarzenau joined the newly founded large community of Schwarzach am Main in 1971 and lost its centuries-old independence.
Place name
The place name Schwarzenau refers to the geographical location of the settlement. It is the place opposite the mouth of the Schwarzachbach in the Main, which also took the name of the mouth of the creek, which is widespread on the east side. In the basic word with its ending -ach there is the Old High German -aha, which refers to "flowing water". The prefix black indicates that the water is dark in color (cf. Stadelschwarzach , Münsterschwarzach). The suffix -au indicates the location in the flat Main meadows.
The names for the village changed constantly in the Middle Ages and early modern times . The first documentary mention speaks of "Swartzenauwe", later of "Swartzinauw". The current form of the name only prevailed in the 18th century. The proximity to the river also gives rise to the widespread nickname for the residents of Schwarzenau in the neighboring towns . They are mainly called water rats (mfr. Wassə'raddn) by the city black people who live on the other side of the Main .
Administration and courts
|
The following administrative units were superordinate to Schwarzenau.
|
Schwarzenau was legally subordinate to the following instances.
|
politics
From mayor to local spokesman
Little is known from Schwarzenau about the inner-village order of the past. The place was probably organized like comparable communities in the surrounding area. The population elected a mayor or chief from among their ranks , who, however, had no powers in relation to the authorities , but merely acted as a contact person. Opposite him stood the much more powerful mayor who was appointed by the landlord.
In the 19th century, the mayor gained greater influence and from then on was chosen by the people of Schwarzenau in a democratic election. Schwarzenau lost its independence in 1971 and became part of the newly founded community of Schwarzach am Main. From then on, a local spokesman represented the residents. At the moment the district is represented by the second mayor Johanna Sendner as well as by the local councilor Alois Möslein.
Population development
In the first half of the 19th century the population of Schwarzenau stagnated. Although there were always over 250 people living in the village, the number only changed due to an increasing or decreasing birth rate , as no new buildings were built outside of the core town. Unlike the other wines on Maindreieck the number of residents, however, not decreased, eventually was due to its proximity to the important trade route and the main ferry.
At the beginning of the 20th century Schwarzenau exceeded the mark of 300 inhabitants . Now the corridor north of the old town began to be built and the number of residents increased steadily in the period that followed. At the end of the Second World War , several refugees and displaced persons who later settled in the new development areas of the village "stranded" in the village. In the post-war period , the numbers continued to rise thanks to the good traffic situation. Today around 500 people live in Schwarzenau.
| year | Residents | year | Residents | year | Residents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 283 | 1925 | 326 | 1952 | 408 |
| 1871 | 266 | 1933 | 351 | 1961 | 405 |
| 1900 | 292 | 1939 | 332 | 1970 | 461 |
| 1919 | 299 | 1946 | 460 | 1987 | 517 |
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
Laurentiuskirche
The St. Laurentius Church is located on Stadtschwarzacher Strasse on the edge of the town center. It probably emerged from a chapel in the same place. In 1592 the present church was built by the donors Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn and his wife Ottilie. At the beginning of the 17th century Schwarzenau received its own pastor. Originally the local cemetery was to be found around the church. It was moved to the edge of the village in 1721.
The church presents itself as a small, east-facing hall structure . It ends with a late Gothic polygonal choir, which was built inside with a stitch cap vault. The west tower was added to the building at a later time and ends with the typical pointed helmet of the real time . Two window axes structure the building. A projecting cornice towers over the west portal, and two columns delimit it. A donor relief was placed above it.
Due to the varied architectural history of the church, there is hardly any original furnishings left. In the 21st century, the neo-Gothic fittings that had previously replaced the original fittings were removed . Older components are the processional Madonna in front of the left altarpiece and the baptismal font with two coats of arms, both from the early 17th century. The modern altar leaves were created by the artist Jacques Gassmann .
Old castle
The old castle in Mainstrasse is no longer externally recognizable as a mansion. It was built as early as 1493 and was subsequently inhabited by alternating noble families. It was not until Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn that the building was given its current form. Echter also built the New Palace near the church. The old castle lost its representative character in the 18th century and was converted into a rural estate .
The old castle presents itself today as an elongated, two-storey gable roof building . As a special feature, a large round arched gate with truss decoration was attached on the Main side. Several outbuildings were arranged around the main building, forming a rectangular inner courtyard. The facade on the Main side is barely structured, in the 20th or 21st century a coat of arms was painted on, which was decorated with the year 1493.
New lock
The New Castle on Stadtschwarzacher Strasse is located to the east of the Laurentiuskirche and forms a structural unit with the church . A noble residence was only built here in the 16th century, when Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn had a previous building built here. In 1721 the lords of Erthal had the current castle built as the new village lords. The teaching, testing and specialist center for pig farming has been based here since the middle of the 20th century.
It presents itself as a long, two-story building. Originally the roof was made as a half- hip, but after the establishment of the research institute a simple gable roof was set up. A portal was installed in the center on the south side . It has pillars and a broken gable. It is framed by acanthus work . A coat of arms of the imperial counts of Echter and Ingelheim was attached over the portal.
Private houses and yards
In Schwarzenauer Altort, especially in Dettelbacher Strasse and Mainstrasse, several houses have been preserved that are listed as architectural monuments by the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments . The oldest of these houses date from the 18th century when the village experienced an economic boom. The building at Mainstraße 25 was created in 1740 as a single-storey house, and one storey was added to the house in the 19th century. It ends with a gable roof and has drilled frames on the ground floor .
The house at Mainstrasse 51, on the other hand, dates from 1792. It presents itself as a mansard roof building with a base zone and a surrounding cornice. The facade is unplastered, the Main mussel limestone is visible. The building at Mainstrasse 41 dates from the turn of the 19th century. It is an outbuilding of a larger courtyard that has not survived today. Perhaps planned as a delivery building , it was built on one floor. The house faces the street with a half-timbered gable .
Two other private houses can be traced back to the first half of the 19th century. The house on Mainstrasse 43 is particularly striking. It ends with a deeply drawn-down mansard half-hipped roof. It was also built on a single storey and exposed as stone or without plastering . At Dettelbacher Strasse 2 there is a house that, with its hipped roof, is much more representative than the other protected buildings. It is two-story and was built in a corner.
Wayside shrines and small memorials
As a Catholic village in Franconia, there are also several wayside shrines around Schwarzenau, but their existence is still threatened by destruction and accidents. The oldest small monuments date from the 18th century. In 1706, the house at Mainstrasse 49 received the relief of the Pietà , which was given a colored version. The relief was surrounded by a floral frame. A similar niche can be found at Dettelbacher Strasse 4. The representation of the Holy Family with the Trinity is from 1838 .
The oldest wayside shrine in Schwarzenau comes from the year 1713. It stands on the old country road to Dettelbach / Neuses am Berg. The wayside shrine inspired a couple in 1737 to found an almost identical torture that was erected near the Dettelbacher Steigmühle . In the following period the torture was repeated repeatedly. The wayside shrine has a circular image on which the coronation of Mary is depicted. → see also: Mary's coronation shrine (Schwarzenau)
The Laurentius shrine in the churchyard, which also comes from the 18th century, has an essay depicting the eponymous Saint Laurentius of Rome . With its column adorned with vine leaves, it also has a counterpart in Dettelbach and was renewed in the 20th century. A crucifix near the cemetery was donated by Kilian Steinacher and his wife Dorothea in 1748, as an inscription reveals. The war memorial in the form of a column in the churchyard is decorated with coats of arms and gathers the names of those who died in both world wars.
Interior of the Laurentiuskirche
Old castle in Mainstrasse
Portal of the New Castle
House Mainstrasse 43
Relief niche from 1858
Coronation shrine
Laurentius shrine in the churchyard
Agroecological nature trail and wood path
In 1998 the LVFZ set up an educational trail in the Schwarzenau district . Here, the various landscape management concepts in the vicinity of the LVFZ are presented and explained over a distance of 1.5 kilometers. In addition, a total of 16 display boards present the woody species native to Main Franconia . In addition, the panels explain the ecological importance of hedges , bushes and trees. The LVFZ has been experimenting with ecologically sustainable agricultural concepts on the center's own areas since 1987.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
LVFZ Schwarzenau
With the teaching, testing and specialist center for pig husbandry, Schwarzenau is an institution assigned to the Bavarian State Institute for Agriculture . The LVFZ regulates Bavaria-wide, inter-company vocational training for farmers and also organizes advanced training in the field of pig husbandry for which a boarding school has even been set up. In addition, the LVFZ is a central point of contact for farmers. There is a horse decking station, an experimental center with a focus on pig breeding and large agricultural areas with experimental cultivation methods.
The estate in Schwarzenau was already considered exemplary in the early modern times and was one reason for the great competition between several noble families for possessions in the place. Between 1803 and 1938 the Counts of Ingelheim managed the estate . In 1950 the Free State of Bavaria bought the estate at the instigation of Alois Schlögl and Hans Krauss. First of all, the educational establishment should also serve to ensure the supply of food. The center was inaugurated in 1952 and subsequently expanded by Theo Pfeuffer and N. Gebhardt.
Viticulture
Schwarzenau is a wine-growing town in the Franconian wine-growing region . There is a small vineyard around the village, the wine has been marketed under the name Schwarzenauer Rosengarten since 2009. Schwarzenau is part of the range Volkacher Main loop , by 2017 it was in the range Maindreieck summarized. The limestone soils around Schwarzenau are also suitable for growing wine, as is the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.
The people around Schwarzenau have been growing wine since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. As early as 1074, viticulture was first mentioned in Schwarzenau on the so-called Leitenberg. In the Middle Ages, the region was part of the largest contiguous wine-growing region in the Holy Roman Empire. The people mostly operated part-time viticulture for self-sufficiency , at the same time export centers were already emerging, especially along the Main. With 40 hectares of vineyards, the Schwarzenau wines were mostly consumed by the local population.
Viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult , so that after 1902 no more viticulture was practiced in Schwarzenau. The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s. In order not to lose the winegrowing right, a Schwarzenau private person recultivated a small part of the former vineyard area.
| Vineyard | Size 2013 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Great location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rose Garden | 0.2 ha | south | not clear | Müller-Thurgau | Volkacher Kirchberg |
Other branches of industry
The establishment of the LVFZ in Schwarzenau led to an increase in other institutions in the area that are related to agriculture . So the beekeeping center of the Mainfränkische Werkstätten settled here . In cooperation with the Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, a total of 15 employees with disabilities work in the honey processing in Schwarzenau according to ecological guidelines. The beekeeping center also offers training for interested hobby beekeepers .
The excursion tourism experienced in recent years a promotion that community Schwarzach am Main is organized in the so-called "village treasures" and is also the (unofficial) tourist region counted Volkacher Mainschleife. The main destination for tourists, however, is the monastery church in neighboring Münsterschwarzach. In Schwarzenau there is a campsite on the banks of the Main. An asphalt mixing plant has also set up shop.
traffic
Schwarzenau was already a hub in prehistoric times. This is where the people crossed the Main on their way to Dettelbach-Würzburg or the Steigerwald . In Schwarzenau there was a ford through the very wide, flat river. In the course of the Middle Ages, in addition to the ford, which was still in use, a ferry established itself further south of the district. The ferry was also a reason for the many billeting in the place during the Napoleonic Wars. It was not until 1890 that the ferry was abandoned with the construction of the Ludwig Bridge. → see also: Main ferry Schwarzenau and Main bridge Schwarzach am Main
Today there is the Mainbrücke Schwarzach am Main near Schwarzenau, built in the 1950s as a successor to the first bridge. The dam to the old bridge, closer to the town center, has been preserved. The Main Bridge is spanned by State Road 2450, which runs past Schwarzenau in the south as a bypass road. Important local roads are also the Dettelbacher and Stadtschwarzacher Straße, both of which lead into the state road. The connection to Neuses am Berg, which is called Neuseser Straße in the village, is locally significant.
As a traffic route, the Main only historically played a major role for Schwarzenau. Several boatmen settled here, especially those who shipped stones and other export goods towards Kitzingen. The next port is in Volkach at the beginning of the Main Canal. In Schwarzenau there is a bus stop at the church that is served by two OVF bus lines. These are the 8108 (Würzburg-Dettelbach Bhf-Nordheim) and 8110 (Kitzingen-Dettelbach / Schwarzach-Volkach).
education
Today Schwarzenau no longer has its own school. Since 1965, the children have been taught at the Schwarzacher Becken association school, which was one of the first supraregional schools in Lower Franconia and was built near Stadtschwarzach. The last teacher of the one-class village school was Karl Hahn, who also drove the archaeological excavations in the area. It was adopted by the village community on August 4, 1963.
The old school building on Mainstrasse was converted into a kindergarten in 1983 . The kindergarten is part of the Caritas umbrella organization and is supported by a kindergarten association. It offers space for a total of 37 children who are organized in a kindergarten group and a KiTa group. In 2010 the premises of the kindergarten were renewed and renovated.
Schwarzenau is now in the district of the Dettelbach-Volkach secondary school network and is assigned to the Rudolf-von-Scherenberg secondary school in Dettelbach. Secondary schools can be attended with the girls' secondary school in Volkach and the secondary school in Dettelbach. There are high schools in Münsterschwarzach ( Egbert-Gymnasium ), Volkach- Gaibach ( Franken-Landschulheim Schloss Gaibach ), Wiesentheid ( Steigerwald-Landschulheim ) and Kitzingen ( Armin-Knab-Gymnasium ).
Associations and associations
Several associations were founded in Schwarzenau and are an important part of public life. The oldest association is the volunteer fire brigade. It was founded in 1877 and is now organized in a fire brigade association. The Schwarzenau volunteer fire brigade maintains a fire fighting vehicle (LF 8 with THL), a multi-purpose transport vehicle (VW bus) and, due to its proximity to the Main, a lifeboat (RTB 2). Acting commander in 2020 is Jens Günther.
The St. Laurentius kindergarten is also organized in an association. Also of importance is the horse breeding association, which was established due to the teaching and research institute in Schwarzenau. It was founded in 1989 and sees itself as a breeders' association that is dedicated to the maintenance and improvement of warm and cold blood horse breeding , as well as Haflinger and pony breeding. In 1946 the SV-DJK Schwarzenau 1946 e. V., which received a new sports field in 1992. The association has been part of the German Youth Force since 1977 .
Personalities
- Theo Pfeuffer (1909–1987), farmer and president of the Bavarian Farmers' Association, built the LVFZ Schwarzenau
- Alois Schlögl (1893–1957), agricultural functionary and politician, Schlögl was instrumental in founding the LVFZ, and a street in Schwarzenau is named after him
- Barbara Strobel , world and European champion in vaulting
literature
Literature about Schwarzenau
- Franziskus Büll, Josef Gerlach: Schwarzach am Main in old views . Zaltbommel NL 1991.
- Peter Burger, Reiner Dressler, Ralf Prappacher, Werner Sendner: Schwarzenauer village chronicle . Schwarzenau 1992.
- Hans A. Dresch: Sources and reports on the history of the market town of Schwarzach am Main. Part 1 . Schwarzach am Main 1986.
- Alfred Golsch: State teaching, testing and testing institute for animal husbandry in Schwarzenau . District Administrator and District Council of the District of Kitzingen (ed.): District of Kitzingen . Münsterschwarzach 1984. pp. 339-340.
- Johannes Mötsch: Schwarzenau am Main - A Henneberg fiefdom . In: Hennebergisch-Franconian History Association. Yearbook 2019 Vol. 34 . Meiningen 2019. pp. 129–149.
- OA: Church leader parish church St. Laurentius Schwarzenau. Leaflet . no year
Other literature used
- Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford 2 1993.
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Franziskus Büll: The Monastery Suuarzaha. A contribution to the history of the Münsterschwarzach women's monastery from 788 (?) To 877 (?) . Münsterschwarzach 1992.
- Monika Fritz-Scheuplein, Almut König, Sabine Krämer-Neubert, Norbert Richard Wolf: Dreidörfer fools stand on three rafters. Ortnecknames in Lower Franconia . Würzburg 2012.
- Rudi Krauss: place names in the district of Kitzingen . In: In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2012. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Dettelbach 2012. pp. 233-244.
- Walter Schilling: The castles, palaces and mansions of Lower Franconia . Würzburg 2012.
- Gabriel Vogt: Market Schwarzach am Main . In: District Administrator and District Council of the District of Kitzingen (Hrsg.): District of Kitzingen . Münsterschwarzach 1984. pp. 494-504.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p. 366 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Büll, Franziskus: Das Monasterium Suuarzaha . P. 17.
- ^ Hahn, Andreas: The prehistory and early history of a Franconian village . P. 4.
- ^ Hahn, Andreas: The prehistory and early history of a Franconian village . P. 45.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 41.
- ^ Burger, Peter (among others): Schwarzenauer Dorfchronik . P. 6.
- ^ Mötsch, Johannes: Schwarzenau am Main - A Henneberg fiefdom . P. 130.
- ^ Mötsch, Johannes: Schwarzenau am Main - A Henneberg fiefdom . P. 131.
- ^ Mötsch, Johannes: Schwarzenau am Main - A Henneberg fiefdom . P. 134.
- ^ Burger, Peter (among others): Schwarzenauer Dorfchronik . P. 7.
- ^ Mötsch, Johannes: Schwarzenau am Main - A Henneberg fiefdom . P. 144.
- ^ Mötsch, Johannes: Schwarzenau am Main - A Henneberg fiefdom . P. 149.
- ^ Burger, Peter (among others): Schwarzenauer Dorfchronik . P. 9.
- ^ Vogt, Gabriel: Schwarzach am Main . P. 501.
- ^ Krauss, Rudi: place names in the district of Kitzingen . P. 238 f.
- ^ Fritz-Scheuplein, Monika (among others): Dreidörfer Narrn stand on three rafters . P. 60 and 45.
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 205 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria in the period from 1840 to 1952 (= contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB 451478568 , p. 214 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB 453660959 , Section II, Sp. 884 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB 740801384 , p. 189 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Burger, Peter (among others): Schwarzenauer Dorfchronik . P. 29.
- ↑ Bavarian State Institute for Agriculture: Agro-ecological educational trail , accessed on March 24, 2020.
- ↑ LVFZ: Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture , accessed on 9 March 2020th
- ^ Golsch, Alfred: State teaching, testing and testing institute for animal husbandry in Schwarzenau . P. 339.
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
- ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area , PDF file, accessed on May 16, 2019.
- ↑ inSwissfrancs: Schwarzach again has its own wine , accessed on May 21 of 2019.
- ↑ Mainfränkische Werkstätten: Beekeeping Center , accessed on March 22, 2020.
- ↑ Camping-Mainblick: Homepage , accessed on March 9, 2020.
- ^ OVF: Schwarzenau timetables , accessed on March 14, 2020.
- ^ Burger, Peter (among others): Schwarzenauer Dorfchronik . P. 31 (picture).
- ^ Kindergarten-Schwarzenau: History , accessed on March 18, 2020.
- ↑ KFV Kitzingen: Schwarzenau , accessed on March 16, 2020.
- ^ Horse breeding association Schwarzenau: The association , accessed on March 16, 2020.
- ^ Burger, Peter (among others): Schwarzenauer Dorfchronik . P. 25.
- ^ Burger, Peter (among others): Schwarzenauer Dorfchronik . P. 10.
- ^ School wiki: Egbert-Gymnasium Münsterschwarzach , accessed on March 24, 2020.
