Burgstall Unterschnorrhof

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Burgstall Unterschnorrhof
The location of the castle stable in the meadow area and the spring are clearly visible in spring

The location of the castle stable in the meadow area and the spring are clearly visible in spring

Alternative name (s): Herbroch Castle, Herbroch Castle, Krausenbach Estate, Krausenbach Castle
Creation time : High Middle Ages (13th century)
Castle type : Niederungsburg ( moated castle and dam )
Conservation status: departed
Standing position : Lower nobility
Construction: unknown
Place: Dammbach
Geographical location 49 ° 51 '52.7 "  N , 9 ° 20' 28.2"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '52.7 "  N , 9 ° 20' 28.2"  E
Height: 232  m above sea level NN
Burgstall Unterschnorrhof (Bavaria)
Burgstall Unterschnorrhof

The Unterschnorrhof castle stable is a lost moated castle as a dam at the upper end of Dammbach in the district of Aschaffenburg in Lower Franconia ( Bavaria ).

location

The Burgstall at the upper exit of the Dammbach valley is located in the Hochspessart, the center of the Spessart low mountain range . It lies on the municipal area of the district Krausenbach the previous Unterschnorrhof, today more by the across-than Dammbach restaurant Ferschenmühle is known.

history

The castle as Schloß Herbroch on the Pfinzigkarte
Information board and view over the meadow to the castle stables
Former Mainz forestry office, where stones from the castle are said to be built

When a regional cultural trail was laid out at the beginning of the 21st century, more details about the history of the building became known. The Pfinzing map from 1594 (1562) shows a Herbroch castle, but more recent historical findings about the property were previously limited to almost square traces in the area, which were visible in the meadows of the valley at the mill next to the former Unterschnorrhof in spring .

No documentary evidence with direct attribution has been found up to the present. Only Kurmainzische documents, which document Krausenbach for the first time in 1330, as well as a document from April 14th 1360 of the Kurmainzer Archbishop Gerlach von Nassau give indications . The latter gives testimony about the investiture of Krause Bacher Forsthube , in feudal possession of the Lower aristocratic family Strube , the forester to Hoesbach, Hans called Gundelwein . In the Spessart, a forestry hatch consisted mostly of land and a permanent house , which was given as a fiefdom to monitor large forest areas against purchase, but was tax-free. The castle complex was probably the administrative center of the Forsthube. Such smaller fortifications are also known from other valleys of the Spessart from the disputes in the second half of the 13th century between Mainz and the House of Rieneck . Since Krausenbach was also an advanced possession of the Mainz family, the building can be dated to the second third of the 13th century at the latest, based on the Mainzisch-Rieneck disputes.

In 1394 the Forsthube was returned to the Archbishop of Mainz , Konrad II von Weinsberg , with the value of 200 guilders at the time. After that it changed hands frequently. Among other things, Konrad von Bickenbach acquired the Forsthube in 1399 and 1419. The Hube was bought back again by Kurmainz by the beginning of the 16th century. In 1464 it is said to have been worth 600 guilders. In 1522 the Hube became a foal farm, so it was used for horse breeding .

The representation on the Pfinzing map is the last evidence of the castle complex as a still existing building. In 1652, after the Thirty Years' War , only a hereditary estate, now called Schnorrhof, is mentioned , which is still located on the other side of the Dammbach today. As early as 1633 in a list of inhabitants and in the Mainz forestry authorities from 1666, the Forsthube is no longer mentioned.

In 1710 the Krausenbacher Hofgut (Schnorrhof) was divided into an Ober- and Unterschnorrhof . The Unterschnorrhof was later divided again. The smaller part of the 1: 2 divided Unterschnorrhof was provided with a mill, which lives on today in the name of the Ferschenmühle restaurant and which took its name from a tenant family Fersch. The Burgstall was associated with the name Unterschnorrhof at this time.

Geophysical surveys carried out in 2005 showed the structures of a moated castle and were able to document the foundations of a square stone castle tower . The moated castle was surrounded by a wall-ditch system that is still visible in the area today, had a spring that is still present on the northeastern edge , and the two ditches running down to the Dammbach can still be clearly seen in the area. A deeper archaeological investigation has not yet been carried out. The archaeological director of the Archaeological Spessart Project sees the facility as having the same function as the Mole Castle in the nearby Elsava Valley : as a dam and border control of the Mainz territory in the Spessart.

There is an information board at the location at the bridge to the Ferschenmühle restaurant . According to local tradition, it is claimed that the later building of the Mainz Forestry Office at Unterschnorrhof was built from the stones of the castle.

The Burgstall is designated as a Bavarian ground monument according to the Bavarian Monument List , which was drawn up on the basis of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act of October 1, 1973.

description

In an alluvial plain of the river valley dam located little Wasserburg -Verbreiterung has not been archaeologically investigated. A description can only be found from the aerial photographs . The rest of the slightly rectangular moat is visible, one corner facing north. The associated source can be clearly seen at the eastern corner. Differences in vegetation show that one or two buildings presumably connected to one another stood in the center. Traces of a possible further building are visible in the area to the east corner. Two watercourses can be seen to the west, which enclose another square in the form of a dragon square, and there were certainly drainage channels from the moat to the dam stream.

literature

Web links

Commons : Burgstall Unterschnorrhof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The castle name Herbroch, which is difficult to interpret (abbreviated to a point on the map), is possibly a prescription of the adjective "zerbroch [en]". If this thesis, represented by the historian Gerrit Himmelsbach (Archäologisches Spessartprojekt), among others, is correct, this would indicate that the castle would be destroyed and abandoned not long before the maps were made in the late 16th century, when the buildings were already in decline, but in theirs Existing were still largely in place. Cf. Barbara Schmidt: On the trail of the stone riddles. In: Main-Echo , November 3, 2010 ( online , accessed September 7, 2018).
  2. ↑ a b c Wolff: Forestry in the Spessart , p. 31; Retrieved April 25, 2017
  3. ↑ a b Wolff: Forestry in the Spessart , p. 34; he refers to A. Amrhein: Historical studies about the forestry hatches and the forestry master's office of the Spessarts , Aschaffenburg 1892, pp. 5–33; Retrieved April 25, 2017
  4. ↑ Chronicle & Historical on the local website of www.dammbach-aktuell.de ; Retrieved April 25, 2017
  5. ↑ Harald Rosmanitz: The castle project in the Spessart - scientists and volunteers explore a cultural landscape , Volume 14, Göttingen 2011, p. 111 (English), in Concilium medii aevi , online journal for medieval research (interdisciplinary forum for medieval studies and research on early modern times )
  6. ↑ Dammbach monument list of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , No. D-6-6122-0009, leveled medieval castle , re-qualified (as of August 13, 2016)