Raffles
| Raffles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Waters | Nile | |
| Geographical location | 19 ° 25 ′ N , 30 ° 14 ′ E | |
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Tombos is a place and an island in what is now Sudan on the 3rd Nile Cataract . The place is the southernmost settlement in Nubia so far , where the Egyptians were colonizers around 1550 BC. Lived. Various historically important Egyptian inscriptions and rock drawings were found in the rocks on the Nile .
history
The area around the 3rd cataract has been inhabited since the Kerma period , which is certainly due to the important strategic importance of the place. So far, four Kerma settlements and three Kerma cemeteries have been located in the area. In the Egyptian New Kingdom , an Egyptian settlement was established here , which includes two cemeteries. A large cemetery, which even has pyramid-shaped graves, dates from the Napatan period of the Kush Empire .
Excavation results
Excavations took place in one of the cemeteries in 1991 and then since 2000. Above all, a large tomb in Egyptian style that belonged to the scribe of gold and head of the foreign countries Siamun could be examined . This was obviously a high official in the provincial administration and was busy with the administration of the exploitation of Nubian raw materials. Further discoveries have shown that the Egyptian colonizers involved their subjugated neighbors in their administrative duties. The deceased of Egyptian and Nubian descent were buried side by side in special graves for dignitaries. The Egyptians were buried in the supine position, sometimes in a small pyramid, and the Nubians usually in the fetal position on a cowhide .
literature
- Stuart Tyson Smith: Wretched Kush. Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypt's Nubian Empire. Routledge, London et al. 2003, ISBN 0-415-36985-1 , pp. 136-166.
Web links
- Michele R. Buzon: Biological and Ethnic Identity in New Kingdom Nubia. A case study from tombos. Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, 2006 (PDF file; 2.09 MB)
- Michele R. Buzon and Rebecca Richman: Traumatic Injuries and Imperialism: The Effects of Egyptian Colonial Strategies at Tombos in Upper Nubia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 133, 2007, pp. 783–791 (PDF file; 249 kB)
Individual evidence
- ^ ST Smith: A New Napatan Cemetery at Tombos. In: Cahiers de recherches de l'Institut de Papyrologie et d'Egyptologie de Lille. 26, 2006/2007, ISSN 0153-5021 , pp. 347-352.
- ↑ Archeology: Multiculturalism in the cemetery . In: Der Spiegel . 21, 2006, p. 142.