Transcription (linguistics)

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In linguistics (especially conversation or conversation analysis , language acquisition research, dialectology), transcription is understood to mean the writing of conversations according to certain rules for the purpose of scientific analysis.

In contrast to a simple "transcript" of a conversation, as it is e.g. B. is carried out for a journalistic interview or during police interrogations, the challenge of a scientific transcription consists primarily in the phenomena of orality (such as "falling into words", blurring, omissions, intonation , volume, etc.) in a systematic way and way to consider. Precision on the one hand and clarity (“readability”) on the other hand are often conflicting requirements for a transcription, between which a compromise has to be found. The methodological literature agrees that this compromise can only meaningfully be sought depending on the research objective and the underlying linguistic theory . In this context, one speaks of “transcription as theory” (Ochs 1979).

For certain research objectives and linguistic theories, conventions have meanwhile become established that are generally accepted in the research community concerned. Examples of such transcription systems are

  • GAT = g esprächs- a nalytisches T ranskriptionssystem ( Selting et al. 1998)
  • HIAT = h alb i nterpretative A rbeits- T ranskription ( Ehlich / Rehbein 1976, Rehbein et al. 2004)
  • CHAT = C odes for the H uman A nalysis of T ranscripts (MacWhinney 2000)

Because scientific transcription is a complex process, it is now the rule to use the computer for transcribing: Specialized software simplifies the frequent correction processes, navigating the recording and adhering to formal transcription rules; the resulting digital transcription files can be easily and inexpensively copied and distributed; And last but not least, the computer simplifies the evaluation of large amounts of transcriptions (so-called corpora). Computer-aided transcription brings with it completely new opportunities and challenges that have only been rudimentarily assessed in the relevant sciences.

In the current state of the art, computer programs for automated speech recognition are not yet supported for scientific transcription, as their results are too imprecise for a scientific evaluation and important notation specifications such as speech assignments cannot yet be created automatically.

literature

  • Arnulf Deppermann: Analyze conversations. Leske + Budrich, Opladen 2001, ISBN 3-8100-3313-8 .
  • Norbert Dittmar: Transcription - a guide with tasks for students, researchers and laypeople. Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-8100-3902-0 .
  • Thorsten Dresing, Thorsten Pehl: Practice Book Interview, Transcription & Analysis. Instructions and control systems for qualitative researchers. 6th edition. Marburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-8185-0489-2 . (Source)
  • K. Ehlich, J. Rehbein: Semi-interpretative work transcriptions (HIAT). In: Linguistic Reports. No. 45, 1976, pp. 21-41.
  • Hartmut Haberland, Janus Mortensen: Transcription as second order entextualisation: The challenge of heteroglossia. In: A. Capone, JL Mey (Ed.): Interdisciplinary Studies in Pragmatics, Culture and Society. Springer, Cham 2016, pp. 581–600.
  • Brian MacWhinney: The CHILDES project: tools for analyzing talk. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 2000.
  • E. Ochs: Transcription as theory. In: E. Ochs, BB Schieffelin (ed.): Developmental pragmatics. Academic Press, New York 1979, pp. 43-72.
  • J. Rehbein, T. Schmidt, B. Meyer, F. Watzke, A. Herkenrath: Manual for computer-aided transcribing according to HIAT. (= Work on multilingualism. Part B. No. 56). 2004. (online version , PDF; 2.8 MB)
  • Thomas Schmidt: Computer-aided transcription - modeling and visualization of spoken language with text-technological means. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-631-53514-7 .
  • Margret Selting ao: Conversational Analysis Transcription System (GAT). In: Linguistic Reports. No. 173, 1998, pp. 91-122.

Web links

Wiktionary: transcription  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations