Sex offender

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A drive offender is a person who, due to a psychological disorder, is unable to control a drive (a desire / behavior) normally and who, by compulsively performing a drive-satisfying act, harms himself and / or his environment.

In most cases, sex offenders are people who do not live out their sex drive within the socially tolerated framework and who rape , sexually coerce or murder other people in a sexually motivated manner (lust murder). In this understanding it is assumed that the uncontrolled inner "urge" limits the responsibility of the perpetrator. Used colloquially, the term may also include other compulsive behavior (e.g. compulsive theft , i.e. kleptomania ). The term goes back to psychological drive theories .

Currently, the term sex drive offender is not used in scientific circles as it conveys that sexual drive alone is the cause of criminal offenses. Research into perpetrators has shown that (e.g. drug-based) drive dampening alone does not lead to positive, permanent results in therapy. In addition, due to the implied social ostracism, the term is suitable for preventing potential perpetrators from getting help.

In the research it was possible to identify so-called substitute perpetrators who use sexual violence, but the main motive is the exercise of power, dominance and control. In extreme cases also sadism. Risk prognosis or treatment of offenders always requires individual, crime-specific diagnostics and therapy.

In the context of criminal proceedings , it must be examined (if necessary, from a legal psychological perspective) to what extent the accused is culpable. If there is a pathological mental disorder, the culpability can be excluded or reduced. If impulse control disorders are present (e.g. kleptomania ), an expert report should be examined to determine whether an act of affect is present.

In forensic psychology , criminalistics , criminology , etc., the term sex offender is used. A distinction is made between (sexual) violent offenders, (sexual) abusers and offenders with exhibitionistic acts .

literature

  • Nikolaus Heim: Operation “sex offenders”, castration as a last resort. Conversations with castrated sex offenders (=  research results on sexual psychology . Volume 8 ). Dr. Kovac, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-86064-673-7 .
  • Frank J. Robertz, Alexandra Thomas (Eds.): Serial murder. Criminological and cultural studies sketch of a monstrous phenomenon . Edition belleville, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-936298-09-2 .
  • Eberhard Schorsch , Nikolaus Becker: Fear, lust, destruction: sadism as social and criminal action (=  contributions to sexual research . Volume 78 ). Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2000, ISBN 3-89806-048-9 .
  • Eberhard Schorsch: Perversion as a criminal offense. Dynamics and Psychotherapy . 2nd edition Enke, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-432-27212-X .
  • Jerome Endrass, Astrid Rossegger, Frank Urbaniok, Bernd Borchard (eds.): Intervention with violent and sexual offenders. Risk management, methods and concepts of forensic therapy. MWV, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-941468-70-2 .
  • Klaus M. Beier (Ed.): Pedophilia, Hebephilia and sexual abuse of children. The Berlin Dissexuality Therapy. Springer, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-662-56593-3 .
  • Thomas Gruber: Sexually deviant behavior of young people. Carl-Auer, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8497-0218-2 .
  • Thomas Bliesner, Friedrich Lösel, Günter Köhnken (Hrsg.): Textbook legal psychology. Hans-Huber, Bern 2014, ISBN 978-3-456-85411-3 .
  • Hans-Dieter Schwind: Criminology and criminal policy. A practice-oriented introduction with examples. 23rd edition CF Müller, Heidelberg 2016. ISBN 978-3-7832-0047-8 .