Unger system

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The Unger system (also known as the Unger romanization or Unger transcription is called) is one of the sinologist and former head of the DFG -project "Dictionary of Classical Chinese" Ulrich Unger developed transliteration for the Chinese language .

system

The Unger system is based on the phonology of the modern Chinese dialect of Peking, but it also tries to partially take into account the Middle Chinese phonology for the consonants. The Middle Chinese sounds k-, kʰ-, h- are also differentiated from ts-, tsʰ-, s-, where they were palatalised in the Beijing dialect to j, q, x. In addition, syllables that end in a plosive in Middle Chinese are marked with -h. The sounds of the Peking dialect are marked with superscript numbers.

Examples

In the following, a selection from the entries in his dictionary is compared to the Pinyin system in an overview. The order of the syllables in the left column of the table below is strictly alphabetical. For the sake of clarity, the order used here differs from that of the Unger system.

Unger Pinyin
ai ai
on on
ch'a cha
chan zhan
ch'an chan
ch'ang chang
chao zhao
chen zhen
cheng zheng
ch'eng cheng
chï zhi
chïh zhi
chou zhou
chuan zhuan
chuang zhuang
chung zhong
received he
fah fa
fan fan
catch catch
fei fei
fen fen
fuh fu
han han
hao hao
hiao xiao
hien xian
hung xing
hioh xue
hiung xiong
ho hey
high hey
hou hou
hü xu
hua hua
hun hun
huoh huo
i yi
ih yi
Jan ran
those ren
ki ji
k'i qi
kia jia
kih ji
ku gu
kü ju
those ren
jou rou
ju ru
yeah ru
can gan
kêh ke
ki ji
k'i qi
kia jia
k'iao qiao
kien jian
kih ji
king jing
kiu jiu
k'iu qiu
kua gua
kuan guan
k'üan quan
kün jun
kung gong
lei lei
left left
lien lian
liang liang
ling ling
lu lu
lü lü
luan luan
luh lu
luh p'ih
lun lun
ma ma
mêh mo
ming ming
ning ning
O Where
Oh e
pao bao
pêh bo
pei at
p'êh po
pieh bie
pien bian
pih bi
pu bu
phew bu
p'uh pu
san san
sêh se
shan shan
shang shang
shê she
shen shen
sheng sheng
shï shi
shïh shi
shu shu
shuh shu
shuoh shuo
sï si
sih xi
siao xiao
she xie
sin xin
sing xing
siu xiu
see below see below
ta there
t'ai tai
tan Dan
tao dao
têh de
tight deng
ti di
t'i ti
t'ien tian
ts'ai cai
tsao zao
tsï zi
ts'ï ci
tsieh jie
ts'ien qian
ts'ih qi
ts'in qin
tsing jing
ts'ing qing
ts'ioh jue
tso zuo
tsoh zuo
ts'ü qu
ts'üan quan
tsui zui
t'u do
tuan duan
t'ui tui
tion dong
t'ung tong
wai wai
wan wu
wang wang
know know
whom whom
wu wu
wuh wu
yang yang
yin yin
ying ying
yoh yue
yu you
yü yu
yuh yu
yung yong

literature

  • Basic concepts of ancient Chinese philosophy. A dictionary for the classical period, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2000

Works by Ulrich Unger relevant to understanding the Unger system:

  • Introduction to Classical Chinese, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1985 (2 parts)
  • Classical Chinese Glossary, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1989

See also

Web links