Vedic language
| Vedic | ||
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Spoken in |
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| speaker | developed to Sanskrit | |
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| Official status | ||
| Official language in | - | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
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| ISO 639 -2 |
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| ISO 639-3 |
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Vedic is a Indo-European language and a predecessor of Sanskrit , the latter by a lower form of wealth and greater regularity (distinguished probably Sanskrit went straight out of the Vedic by no later than by Panini's grammar about the 4th century BC. BC. Set has been).
The Vedic today as the Sanskrit typically in Scripture Devanagari reproduced, unlike the Sanskrit Vedic but often with tone marks written and spoken distinguishes three pitches or Tonverläufe - so it has a pitch accent . The tones are called Anudātta (low), Udātta (high) and Svarita (falling). In Sanskrit, the Vedic accent was replaced by a stress system derived from the length of the syllables (similar to that in Latin).
In Vedic there are different language periods:
- The language of Rig Veda (early Veda ) with the exception of its most recent parts.
- The so-called “mantra language” of the most recent parts of the Rigveda, the Atharvaveda and the Yajurveda - mantras (old Vedic).
- The Vedic prose of the Yajurvedes and Brahmins , Aranyaks and Upanishads , in which one can distinguish older and younger forms (Middle and Young Vedic).
- The language of the sutras (late Vedic) classified as Smriti , i.e. no longer belonging to the most sacred part (Shruti ), which is already very close to Sanskrit .
literature
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell : A Vedic Grammar for Students . Oxford 1916.
- Stephanie W. Jamison: Sanskrit . In: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Cambridge 2004, pp. 673-699.
- Hermann Graßmann : Dictionary for Rig-Veda . The original edition was from 1875, revised by Maria Kozianka. Wiesbaden 1996. ISBN 3-447-03223-5
- Wolfgang Morgenroth: Textbook of Sanskrit . Munich 1977 (with an extensive section on the special features of Vedic)