Treaty of Gandamak
The Gandamak Treaty was signed between Great Britain and Afghanistan on May 26, 1879 , and ended the first phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War .
After a Russian delegation arrived in Kabul without an invitation from Emir Shir Ali , the British insisted on receiving their own delegation. This delegation was refused entry to Ali Masjid on September 21, 1878 . The British then issued the ultimatum that Sher Ali would apologize by November 20th and provide an explanation for the incident. His reply did not reach Viceroy Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Baron Lytton , until November 30th and did not include an apology. The British had already declared war on November 21 and occupied a large part of the country.
After the death of his father on February 21, 1879, his successor Mohammed Yakub started negotiations with Louis Cavagnari . On May 26, the two met at Gandamak and signed the contract of the same name. It envisaged the British taking over Afghan foreign policy, the establishment of a mission in Kabul, the assumption of jurisdiction in some Afghan areas and the amnesty of all Afghans who had collaborated with the British. Mohammed Yakub received an annual payment of 600,000 rupees .
Cavagnari reached Kabul on June 24, 1879 at the head of the mission.
On September 3, a dissatisfied Afghan regiment murdered all of the British. The massacre caused the war to flare up again. In this second phase of the war, General Frederick Roberts occupied the country.
literature
- Byron Farwell: Queen Victoria's Little Wars. Wordsworth Editions Limited, Ware 1999, ISBN 1-84022-215-8 .
- Peter Hopkirk : The Great Game. On Secret Service in High Asia. Oxford University Press, Oxford et al. 1990, ISBN 0-19-282799-5 .
