Treaty of Rio de Janeiro 1825

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The Treaty of Rio de Janeiro ( Portuguese Tratado do Rio de Janeiro , also Tratado de amizade e aliança ) was a constitutional treaty between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Empire of Brazil , which was concluded on August 29, 1825. Brazil became formally independent and he ended the Brazilian War of Independence . The treaty came into force on November 15, 1825. He was ratified by the Portuguese King John VI. and his son, the Brazilian Emperor Peter I. As a result, in addition to the independence of Brazil and the settlement of the war, which was waged with little energy, there was a new close alliance between Portugal and Brazil. Both states remained politically closely intertwined through the House of Braganza . For example, the Portuguese and formerly Brazilian King John VI. formally co-emperor of Brazil from November 1825 until his death in March 1826. However, the de facto sole power in Brazil lay with Pedro I, who in turn remained Crown Prince of Portugal and in 1826 reunited both countries under one crown for a short time.

Contract title

The bilateral treaty, through diplomatic mediation by the United Kingdom , is entitled:

TRATADO DE AMIZADE E ALIANÇA ENTRE EL-REI O SENHOR D. JOÃO VI E D. PEDRO I, IMPERADOR DO BRASIL, FEITO POR MEDIAÇÃO DE SUA MAJESTADE BRITÂNICA, ASSINADO NO RIO DE JANEIRO A 29 DE AGOSTO DE 1825, E RATIFICAD PORTUGAL EM 15 DE NOVEMBRO E PELA DO BRASILEM 30 DE AGOSTO DO DITO ANO and is divided into eleven articles.

Contract Article

  • Article I: His most loyal Majesty recognizes Brazil as an independent empire, separate from the Kingdom of Portugal and his beloved son Pedro as Emperor of Brazil. Of his own free will, he ceded and transferred the sovereignty of this empire to his son and his legitimate successors. His most loyal Majesty just takes the same title and keeps it to himself.
  • Article II: His Imperial Majesty, in recognition of the respect and love of his great father, Mr. John VI, consents to His Most Holy Majesty to confer the title of Emperor of Brazil on him.
  • Article III: His Imperial Majesty promises not to accept the proposal of any of the Portuguese colonies to join the Empire of Brazil
  • Article IV: Peace, an alliance and the most perfect friendship will be concluded between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Empire of Brazil with complete forgetfulness of the past disputes between the respective peoples. His Imperial Majesty undertakes to pay the kingdoms of Portugal and the Algarve the sum of two million pounds sterling, or 80 tons of gold, as compensation.
  • Article V: The subjects of both the Portuguese and the Brazilian nation are regarded and treated in their respective states as those of a favored and friendly nation. Your rights and properties are protected religiously; It is believed that current property owners are peacefully owned by the same property.
  • Article VI: All property rights in confiscated real estate or furniture and supplies belonging to the subjects of Portugal and Brazil, as well as their previous income, less the costs of administration and their compensated owners, are mutually refunded in the manner described in Article VIII.
  • Article VII: The seized ships and cargoes belonging to the subjects of both states are similarly refunded or their owners are compensated.
  • Article VIII: A commission appointed by both governments, made up of Portuguese and Brazilian nationals with equal representation and set up by their respective governments, is instructed to examine the subject matter of Articles VI and VII; It is understood that complaints will be lodged within one year of the formation of the commission and that, in the event of a tie, the matter will be resolved by the representative of the sovereign mediator. Both governments indicate the means by which the first claims will be settled.
  • Article IX: Public complaints from government to government are mutually received and decided, or with the return of the claimed items or with the compensation of their fair value. In order to adapt these claims, the two High Contracting Parties agree a direct and special agreement.
  • Article X: Trade relations between the Portuguese and Brazilian nations will be re-established, with the task of re-executing and re-executing the same thing as before the separation.
  • Article XI: The mutual exchange of ratifications of this treaty will take place, if possible, in the city of Lisbon within a maximum of five months from the date of signature of this treaty. We, the undersigned, the authorized representatives of His Loyal Majesty and His Imperial Majesty have signed this contract by hand by virtue of our respective powers and given it our coat of arms seals. Done in the city of Rio de Janeiro on August 29th, 1825.

It was drawn by ( LS ) Charles Stuart , (LS) Luis José de Carvalho e Mello , (LS) Barão de Santo Amaro and (LS) Francisco Villela Barbosa .

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