Vicus nediensis

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Vicus Nediensis (or Vicus Nediensium ) is the Roman name of a settlement ( vicus ) that was located in ancient times in the area of ​​today's municipality of Spechbach (southeast of Heidelberg). The settlement was probably founded in Celtic times and deteriorated when the Romans withdrew in the 3rd century. Today's Spechbach was first mentioned about a thousand years later.

history

In Roman times there was a place known as vicus Nediensis or vicus Nediensium in today's Spechbacher district . What is noticeable about the route of the Roman road that runs past Spechbach from Lopodunum ( Ladenburg ) via Bad Wimpfen to the historical Limes border town of Osterburken is that it deviates from the topographically shortest possible route for the route past Spechbach, which is what the occupied Roman roads for military purposes Germania is a specialty. Historians and archaeologists conclude from this that the place already existed at the time of the Roman occupation of the area and should be connected to the Roman road as an existing supply point for the Roman troop logistics.

The ancient name of the village is passed down through two inscription stones that were found in 1881 and 1883, one of them in the area of ​​the neighboring village of Mönchzell . The first stone was found next to the Roman road. Its inscription reads

[vic] ani / Nediessis / de suo / fecerunt / cura Quinti / Dacci

Translated: "The people of Nediessis have it under the direction of Quintius Dacc (i) us made at their expense." The second stone was in Won discovered "Old cellar". As a consecration stone, it probably belonged to a sanctuary of the god Mercurius and the goddess Rosmerta and bore the inscription

[Mercu] rio / [et Ros] mert (a) e / [sac (rum) vi] cani / [vici N] ediens (ium)

In German: "The inhabitants of Nediensis [made] a sanctuary for Mercurius and Rosmerta."

After that, the historic location would be a Celtic village. The place name itself ( vicus Nediensis or vicus Nediensium ) has been handed down in Latin, i.e. as the name with which the Romans referred to the place, not that used by the pre-Roman population of the place. When naming localities, the Romans usually used topographical points (waters, mountains, etc.) as their orientation, whose native, in this case Celtic, names they latinized. Presumably the Celtic name of today's Lobbach was Nedia or Nida, from which the VICVS NEDIENSIS, the "locality on the Nedia", developed in Latin.

There is no evidence of the Roman settlement from the time after 250, so that the place was probably only repopulated in the Carolingian period .

swell

  1. ↑ Max Miller and Gerhard Taddey (eds.), Handbook of Historic Places in Germany, Volume 6, Baden-Württemberg, 1965, Alfred Kröner Verlag Stuttgart, p. 481
  2. ↑ CIL 13, 6389 , there with the missing opening interpolation bracket.
  3. ↑ CIL 13, 6388 .
  4. ↑ Karl Christ: The vicus Nediensis at Meckesheim . In: Mannheimer Geschichtsblätter , 12th year 1911, no. 11. Mannheimer Altertumsverein, Mannheim 1911. Sp. 222–225. Ders .: Lobenfeld Monastery near Heidelberg . In: Association of antiquity friends in the Rhineland (ed.): Yearbooks of the association of antiquity friends in the Rhineland . Issue 83, Marcus, Bonn 1887, pp. 236-239, especially 237f.