Vietnamese martial arts
The development of the Vietnamese martial arts is strongly influenced by numerous attempts by the Chinese to dominate the Vietnamese people or to take the country, by attacks by the Mongols, by the French colonial period, by the Vietnam War , as well as by internal disputes (dynasties, kingdoms, warlords and guerrilla tactics ).
In general, many martial arts from neighboring countries have influenced the Vietnamese martial arts: Chinese Kung Fu , Korean Tae Kwon Do , wrestling and others. Of course, our own developments and philosophies were also incorporated.
Troops were kept ready at all times to defend the country or the respective kingdom. But family clans and Buddhist temples also cultivated various martial arts in order to be able to defend themselves effectively in national disputes.
Short Story
Due to the many influences, it is not possible to determine an exact time at which the Vietnamese martial arts began. The country of Vietnam has officially existed since around 200 BC . The first settlements can even be traced back to 2876 BC.
Despite problematic relationships with the Chinese, the Vietnamese adopted much of Chinese culture and philosophy. Even officials had to be able to use a brush and sword. Since the 11th century there was an academy for martial arts in the capital Thăng Long, today's Hanoi ( Ly dynasty (1010–1225), Trần dynasty (1225–1400)).
The popular name for Vietnamese martial arts has been "Vo Thuat" or " Viêt Võ Dao " since that time .
During the period when Vietnam was fragmented into many kingdoms, many new styles were developed, especially during the Tây Sơn rebellion (1771–1788). In Binh Dinh Province , where many rebels were stationed, the martial arts tradition is still very much alive.
Between 1858 and 1954 Vietnam was colonized by France . During this time the martial arts were banned, but were secretly developed.
In 1938 Nguyen Loc Vo Thuat began teaching anyone interested, including foreigners. He called his style Vovinam Việt Võ Đạo .
In 1973 the Viêt Võ Dao Federation was founded.
Styles
Today most of the Viêt Võ Dao schools in the world, which emerged from Nguyen Loc's development, practice Vovinam, but many also practice Thanh Long , Han Bai , Tran Minh Long or Nguyen Trung Hoa . In Vietnam, many people practice Vovinam , Kim Ke or Vo Binh Dinh .
There are also Sino-Vietnamese Kung Fu styles that are only partially Vietnamese. Examples are Thieu Lam (Shaolin), Vo Lam (Wulin) or Bach My Phai (Bak Mei). They were common among Chinese living in Vietnam. Other styles include Mei Hoa (Meihuaquan) or Vin Tsun (Yongchunquan, also known as Wing Chun ).
Periods
Period of formation of techniques (2879 BC - 111 BC)
Drawings on the cave walls in the north of Vietnam or on objects, as well as weapons that date from this era, prove that the Vietnamese, in addition to unarmed fighting techniques, already mastered the ax, the short saber, the saber, lances, the long stick and archery.
Period of formation of theories (111 BC - 906)
This age is marked by the Chinese invasion. In order to better withstand the enemy, martial arts were completed as a means of defense.
- Perfection the techniques
- Strategy formation
- Elaboration of the theories
Examples of theories of famous people:
- Theory of the superiority of narrow fighting techniques ("Di Doan Thang Truong")
- Theory of flexibility versus force ("Di Nhuoc Thang Cuong")
- Principle of surprises ("Ky Tap Chieng Phap")
- The Secret of Illusions ("Ao Anh Bi Phap")
- Method of evasive movements without resistance ("Phan Gut Phap")
These theories were guiding principles for martial arts. They still serve as a valuable foundation today.
Development period (906-1009)
During this national independence period, the martial arts were further developed. Kings Ngo Quyen and Dinh Bo Linh were both remarkable martial arts masters and excellent war theorists.
Period of Consummation and General Dissemination (1010–1527)
The techniques at that time had reached a very high level. Under the influence of Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism, the martial art acquires an increasingly rich philosophical basis. With the country's independence and stability, it becomes an art of living to improve the quality of life.
Period of division (1527–1807)
This period marks the division of the country and the battle of the kings among themselves. These hostilities led to the Viêt Võ Dao martial art splitting into different schools. Each school only represents a certain aspect of Viêt Võ Dao.
Period of decline (1802-1945)
This period marks the Nguyen dynasty and the French occupation. At the beginning of the 19th century, developing industrialization weakened trust in traditional human values. In the face of modern weapons, the traditional martial arts had also proven to be outdated. Under the French occupation from 1863 to 1945, the Vietnamese martial arts were banned. Secretly, however, their further development was continued on a very limited basis and with carefully selected students. Therefore, the students only knew their own school. Some of the techniques differed greatly from one school to another.
Renaissance (from 1938 ...)
The resurgence of the Vietnamese martial arts began with Nguyen Loc . He devoted his life to developing them in order to stimulate a new age of Viêt Võ Dao . After his death on April 29, 1960, Le Sang took over responsibility and further development of Viêt Võ Dao.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Martial Arts of Vietnam ( Memento from December 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
swell
- Việt Võ Đạo Institute
- Võ-Thuât Y-Quyên L'art martial sino-vietnamien
- History of Vovinam and Viet Vo Dao (1912 ..) (1960 ..) (1975 ..)