Thermal storage heater
A heat storage heater is the combination of an ordinary heater with a heat storage . In principle, it is used to store energy in times of excess heat, for example through solar thermal energy , and to make the stored energy usable as heat in times of lack of heat. A distinction must be made between the bridging of daily and seasonal fluctuations.
Time of day
A buffer is usually used to bridge daytime fluctuations , which has a sufficiently large heat capacity for the heating demand of one day, as is the case with night storage heating .
Seasonal
The bridging of seasonal fluctuations is technically much more demanding. The heat storage heater should store the abundant heat in summer and release it again in winter through seasonal storage or long-term heat storage . "Eleven pilot systems with solar thermal seasonal heat storage were implemented between 1995 and 2008 and scientifically supported as part of the Solarthermie-2000 and Solarthermie2000plus research programs." Such heating systems have been in use for both single-family houses and multi-family houses for years.
economics
The heat storage heater requires a lot of space and is a high investment . In residential construction, thermal storage heating only makes economic sense in conjunction with excellent thermal insulation , which keeps the annual heat requirement and thus the required storage capacity low. If this is the case, it is cheaper in long-term operation than a conventional heating system, as no energy has to be supplied (except for circulation pumps, if applicable ).
For a conventional single-family house , which was built in accordance with the 1995 Thermal Protection Ordinance , an annual heating requirement of around 20,000 kWh can be expected. Assuming that the storage tank could not be recharged during the heating season, a water tank of approx. 500 m³ or a thermochemical heat storage of 100 m³ would be necessary for "sensitive" heat storage. Even in a low-energy house with an annual heat requirement of around 7000 kWh without recharging, a water tank of 180 m³ or a thermochemical heat storage device with a volume of 35 m³ is still quite large. With increasingly cheaper thermal insulation technologies for buildings and increased energy saving requirements, thermal storage heating systems are becoming increasingly interesting. At the same time, the storage volume still required for seasonal heat storage and the associated costs are reduced further and further.
Therefore, an economically sensible balance between thermal insulation and storage volume must be found. Since the costs increase disproportionately with higher coverage shares, only part of the heating energy can be provided by long-term heat storage.
See also
- Seasonal storage
- Seasonal heat storage (geothermal energy)
- Thermal component activation - thermal storage mass
- Sun house
Individual evidence
- ↑ Seasonal storage projects
- ↑ Gerold Weber, Rolf Hug: Pure solar heating - 100% solar heat, even in winter. In: solar server. 2006, accessed April 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Model project - Energy supply system for solar local heating Ackermannbogen . (Pdf; 358 kB) (No longer available online.) SWM , 2007, archived from the original on June 27, 2015 ; Retrieved April 7, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
