White ribbon
| White ribbon | ||||||||||||
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White ribbon ( Catephia alchymista ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Catephia alchymista | ||||||||||||
| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
The white ribbon ( Catephia alchymista ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the owl butterfly family (Noctuidae). The German name "Weißes Ordensband" is systematically a bit misleading, because the species does not belong to the genus of the classical ribbons ( Catocala ), but forms its own genus.
features
butterfly
The moths reach a wingspan of 42 to 48 millimeters. The forewings are black, the middle shadows deep black, the narrow outer edge is brown. The hind wings are blackish with a large, round, white root spot and a white edge spot at the tip and at the inner corner.
Egg, caterpillar and pupa
The egg is hemispherical with many straight longitudinal ribs and black in color. The caterpillar is elongated with very long breastbones. It is light gray or brown with numerous black spots. On the back of the 4th and 11th segment two small cone-shaped, wart-like elevations each. The doll is slender, reddish brown with a bluish ring.
Similar species
The white ribbon is somewhat similar to the bindweed mourning owl ( Aedia funesta ). It differs mainly in that it is larger and does not have a light spot on the upper wing.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The White Ribbon is widespread in large parts of southern and central Europe. In the north the distribution area extends to Latvia and Lithuania . In the east, the distribution area extends through southern Russia to the Urals . It is also found in the larger Mediterranean islands (including Cyprus ), North Africa, and Asia Minor. The species has also been proven in Israel. However, the species is not common anywhere. Occasionally she is observed in England as a migrant in the Southern Alps it occurs up to 800 meters. The species is found in areas with an oak population, such as oak and mixed forests, alluvial forests, bushy heaths and parklands.
Way of life
The White Ribbon usually forms only one generation per year, in favorable years also an incomplete second generation. Presumably it is purely univoltin in Central Europe , at least that was determined for Baden-Württemberg. The moths fly from late May to late July, the second generation in August / September. The moths rest sitting on the trunks during the day and only become active late at night. They like to fly to artificial light sources , suckle on bleeding trees and also visit laid baits . The caterpillars live in July and August. The caterpillars feed on the leaves of the oak, especially the young shoots on oak bushes. The pupa hibernates.
Danger
The White Ribbon is classified on the Red List of Endangered Species of the FRG in Category 2 as "critically endangered". In some federal states (Baden-Württemberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony and Thuringia) the species is even classified in category 1 ("threatened with extinction").
Systematics and taxonomy
The species was first scientifically described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller as Noctua alchymista . It is the type species of the genus Catephia Ochsenheimer, 1816, which currently includes around 60 species. However, the current state of knowledge of the genus is very unsatisfactory. The genus is classified in the tribe Ophiusini.
swell
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 5, Moths III (Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae). Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1997. ISBN 3-8001-3481-0
- Barry Goater, László Ronkay & Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae 10. Catocalinae & Plusiinae. Entomological Press, Sorø 2003 ISBN 87-89430-08-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Goater et al., P. 45
- ↑ a b Manfred Koch : We identify butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1972, DNB 760072930 .
- ^ A b Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
- ↑ a b Ebert et al., P. 479
- ^ A b Hohmann, Kluge: The White Ribbon of the Order of the Scientific Working Group Obertshausen-Mosbach: Merkblatt 26,98 / 2, ISSN 0934-1366
- ↑ [1]
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. Photos
- Catephia alchymista at Fauna Europaea
- Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa