Eye warfare agent
Eye warfare agent is a collective name for chemical substances that cause irritation or injury to the eyes. They are generally used to incapacitate the enemy in war - also as mask breakers - or to disperse demonstrators. In addition to the eyes and nasal mucous membranes, the upper respiratory tract is also usually affected.
history
Bromine and chloroacetone were among the first weapons used in the war . In the First World War , for example, they were used by the German side under the name Weißkreuz . During the Vietnam War , CN and CS were used by the American armed forces to drive opponents out of underground tunnels and corridors. Often so much of the irritant - used in smaller doses as tear gas - was used that all those affected died.
The term tear gas is used for the non-war use of eye warfare agents. Before (and in some cases still today) they were used by the police in riots and riots. Later CN and CS were used as active ingredients in chemical mace (“chemical club”), a self-defense spray.
Some eye warfare agents
- Benzyl bromide
- Bromoacetone
- ω-bromoacetophenone
- Ethyl bromoacetate
- Bromophenylacetonitrile (bromobenzyl cyanide, CA)
- Chloroacetone
- Chloroacetophenone (CN)
- 2-chlorobenzylidenemalonic acid dinitrile (CS)
- Dibenzo [ b , f ] [1,4] oxazepine (CR)
- Ethyl iodoacetate
- Xylyl bromide
See also
- Gas war during the First World War
-
Colored shooting
- Blue cross, see nose and throat warfare agent
- Green Cross
- Mustard , mustard , mustards
- Yellow cross 3 or red cross, see nettle fabric
- List of chemical warfare agents