Winter Eichberg engine
The Winter-Eichberg engine was a rail engine from the early days of the electrification of railway lines. It got its name from the engineers Gabriel Winter and Friedrich Eichberg , who were primarily responsible for its development at the Union-Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft . The Winter-Eichberg motor was the first usable electric motor for rail electrification with single-phase alternating current and became known with the Prussian 2051 and 2052 , the two test railcars on the Schöneweide – Spindlersfeld branch .
Winter-Eichberg engines were subsequently used in various first-generation electric locomotives, such as the Hamburg-Altona urban and suburban railway . Compared to three-phase motors, they enabled more switching options and compared to DC motors, fewer losses when switching, since the individual speed levels were not made possible by resistors, but by different taps on the transformer . New developments in circuit technology made it possible to use series motors in locomotive construction and thus to replace these more maintenance-intensive motors.
Basics
From basic principle, it is in winter Eichberg-motor is a repulsion , on the armature two offset by 90 degrees brush sets are arranged. The first set coincides with the stator winding , is short-circuited and carries the working currents that are induced in the direction of the axis of the stator winding. The second set of brushes is connected to the secondary part of the main transformer and carries the magnetizing currents.
Since the two groups of brushes cannot be moved while the motor car is in motion according to the required speed and torque, the two groups of brushes on the Prussian 2051 and 2052 were fixed and the motor car was controlled via a switching mechanism exclusively via the various taps on the transformer via the so-called Repulsion shooters.
The control was carried out by a drive switch with two cylinders, one for the direction of travel and one for the journey itself. The travel switch only carried auxiliary currents and operated the repulsion contactors, the main switch and the reversing switch . Thus there was a separation of high voltage and low voltage .
The actual control of the motors was carried out by the switching mechanism. This simple control was sufficient for a railcar in test service and for the subsequent series vehicles for the Hamburg-Altona city and suburban railway. In 1914, the Prussian ES 2 with a Winter-Eichberg engine appeared at the Dessau – Bitterfeld test facility for larger services .
In addition to regulating the tapping of the transformer, this motor also required a special excitation transformer in order to ensure that the motor ran without sparking. For this purpose, the drive switch in the driver's cab had two concentric handwheels, one to control the transformer tap and one to control the exciter transformer, as can still be seen on the locomotive in the German Museum of Technology in Berlin .
In addition, two Winter Eichberg engines from the Prussian 2051 and 2052 have been preserved, one in the German Museum in Munich and one in the German Museum of Technology in Berlin.
literature
- F. Eichberg: Collected electrical engineering work 1897–1912. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1914.
- Glanert / Borbe / Richter The electric locomotive series E 01 and E 71 1 , Klartext Essen, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8375-1258-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b F. Eichberg: Collected electrical engineering work 1897–1912. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1914., page 345
- ↑ F. Eichberg: Collected Electrotechnical Works 1897-1912. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1914., page 352
- ↑ a b Glanert / Borbe / Richter The electric locomotive series E 01 and E 71 1 , Klartext Essen, 2014, ISBN 978-3-8375-1258-8 , page 147
- ↑ Internet site about the Oranienburg experimental railway with information about the railcars 2051/2052