Zakat al-fitr
Zakāt al-fitr ( Arabic زكاة الفطر, DMG zakāt al-fiṭr ) also Fitrana is an alms given to the poor and needy at the end of the Islamic month of fasting Ramadan . The Zakat al Fitr is intended to purify the fast and to compensate for the wrongdoings during Ramadan. The Arabic word Fitr has the same meaning as Iftar , which means breaking the fast, and it has the same root and meaning breakfast. It also has a common root with Fitra , which describes the state of man immediately after his creation (in pure belief in his Creator). The amount of zakat al fitr is less than that of normal zakat .
Religious classification and meaning
Zakat al Fitr is wajib, which is necessary for every Muslim, whether adult or child, man or woman, even unborn children are included as long as one is able to pay it. According to the Sunnah and the tradition of ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿUmar , the Prophet Mohammed made zakat al Fitr compulsory for free and unfree men and women, old and young Muslims at the rate of one Sāʿ of dry dates or barley, with the head of the family paying for all members of the family. Zakat al Fitr, like zakat, serves to redistribute wealth within (Muslim) society, and it also strengthens their cohesion, because the donor can come into direct contact with the needy. Zakat al Fitr is intended to give those in need the opportunity to celebrate Eid al Fitr at the end of Ramadan. Therefore, the obligatory Zakat al Fitr should be paid between the sunset of the last day of Ramadan and before the Eid prayer. If it is paid afterwards, it is only considered Sadaqa and not Zakat.
Assessment and beneficiaries
The amount for zakat al fitr is the same for every believer regardless of property and income. It is one Sa of local food, which corresponds to an amount that fits four times into two palms held together. If it is not necessary to donate food in one's own region, the Zakat al Fitr can also be paid as a sum of money, which people in other regions benefit from in the form of food (common in western countries). This should be paid in good time so that the needy receive the zakat on time. Many aid organizations, but also mosques, offer this opportunity. The recipients of Zakat al Fitr are the same as for Zakat or Sadaqa. These are mentioned in Sura Tauba, verse 90:
“Verily, the alms are only for the poor and needy and for those in charge of administering (the alms) and for those whose hearts are to be won, for the (deliverance of) slaves and for the debtors, for the cause of Allah and for the son of the way; (this is) a prescription from Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. "
So specifically the following groups of people:
- The poor (al-fuqara)
- The needy people (al-masâkîn)
- Those in charge of managing alms
- to win people over to Islam ( according to Muslim commentators, voluntary alms can also be given to non-Muslims.)
- for slaves and their liberation
- People who are in debt
- for the cause of Allah (building mosques, etc.)
- Traveler (son of the way)
literature
- Alfred Bel: "Note sur trois anciens vases de cuivre gravé trouvés à Fès et servant à mesurer l'aumône légale du fitr." in Bulletin archéologique 1917. pp. 359-387. Digitized
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.religionen-enthaben.de/lexikon/z/zakat-ul-fitr
- ↑ https://www.islamische-zeitung.de/kein-ramadan-ohne-zakat-al-fitr/
- ↑ Fakhr ad-Din al-Razi : Mafatih al-ghayb, Volume VIII, 16, p. 117, Beirut 1990, and Raschid Rida: Tafsir al-Manar, Volume X, p. 293.