Cinnamon dove
| Cinnamon dove | ||||||||||
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Cinnamon dove |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||
| Aplopelia | ||||||||||
| Bonaparte , 1855 | ||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||
| Aplopelia larvata | ||||||||||
| ( Temminck , 1809) |
The cinnamon pigeon ( Aplopelia larvata , Syn .: Columba larvata ) is a small, comparatively clumsy and ground-dwelling species of pigeon birds that occurs in the mountain forests of the Afrotropic ecozone. It was originally placed in the genus of field pigeons ( Columba ), but is now assigned to the monotypic genus Aplopelia .
The population of the cinnamon pigeon was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Least Concern (LC) ” = “not endangered”. Several subspecies are distinguished.
Appearance
Body dimensions and feathered body parts
The cinnamon dove reaches a body length of 25 to 29 centimeters and is therefore about the size of a laughing dove. The tail plumage accounts for 9.1 to 11.7 centimeters. The wing length is 14.3 to 15.4 centimeters. At 2 to 2.2 centimeters, the beak is comparatively long in relation to its body size. The weight is between 146 and 151 grams.
The iris is either coral, red-brown or purple-red. The beak is black, the legs and feet are red to red-purple.
Adult birds
The forehead and face are white and then gradually turn into a pale cinnamon tone on the crown of the head. The nape of the neck, throat and coat are darker with a slight purple tinge. The coat has a more iridescent plumage than the neck and neck. The shoulders and the wing coverts as well as the back, the rump, the upper tail coverts and the middle pair of control feathers are dark olive brown. The outer control feathers are black-brown with broad, matt gray nibs.
The chin and throat are white and then turn into a slightly reddish cinnamon tone. The flanks and the lower wings are red-brown. The under tail coverts are maroon.
Fledglings
Young birds are colored a lot more maroon than the adult birds. The wing-coverts and the shoulder feathers are cross-banded dark brown and have rust-brown feather edges.
Possible confusion
Cinnamon pigeons differ from other pigeon species in the range due to their way of life and their comparatively plump body. There is a superficial similarity with the glossy-headed pigeon , the Malher pigeon and the bronze pigeon .
In the glossy-headed pigeon , the males on the underside of the body are more mauve and in the females the apex is ash-brown. The coat of the Malher pigeon shines intensely amethyst-colored, the tail plumage of the female is black-gray. In the bronze pigeon, only the female is similar to the cinnamon pigeon. They differ from the cinnamon dove, among other things, in the slate-gray underside of the body.
Distribution area of the individual subspecies and habitat
The following subspecies are distinguished:
- A. l. inornata - Reichenow, 1892 - Sierra Leone, southeast of Guinea, Liberia and west of the Ivory Coast; Southeast of Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon, Bioko and Pagalu.
- A. l. principalis (Hartlaub, 1866) - Príncipe
- A. l. simplex (Hartlaub, 1849) - São Tomé .
- A. l. bronzina (Rüppell, 1837) - Eritrea, Ethiopia and the south-east of Sudan
- A. l. larvata (Temminck, 1809) - South Sudan via Uganda, the west and south of Kenya, the west of Tanzania and Malawi to South Africa.
- A. l. jacksoni Sharpe, 1904 - southwest of Uganda and east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to west of Tanzania.
- A. l. samaliyae CMN White, 1948 - Angola and the northwest of Zambia
The distribution area of the cinnamon pigeon is disjoint . Their habitat are mountain forests. In the west and south of Africa it occurs at altitudes of 2100 meters. In Ethiopia it also colonizes forests at altitudes of up to 3200 meters. It depends on dense undergrowth, but tolerates selective logging and is also found in secondary forests and on plantations.
Way of life
The cinnamon pigeon is a shy, ground-dwelling pigeon that lives solitary and in pairs. Only occasionally can larger groups come together near fruit-bearing trees. It looks for its food on the ground in the leafy layer and is rarely noticed. The diet consists of a wide variety of seeds and fallen fruit. It also eats molluscs and insects.
In the west of its range, the cinnamon pigeon breeds from January to October. In the Ethiopian highlands, however, the breeding season is limited to the months of March and April. The nest is a more substantial platform made of branches than is typical for many species of field pigeons . It is erected in the undergrowth and is usually 2.5 meters above the ground. The clutch usually consists of two eggs, rarely three. These are creamy white to isabel in color. The breeding season is only 10 to 12 days. The nestlings fledge after 20 to 21 days and remain with the parent birds for another two months.
literature
- David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes and John Cox: Pigeons and Doves - A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World . Pica Press, Sussex 2001, ISBN 90-74345-26-3 .
- Alois Münst and Josef Wolters: Tauben - Die Arten der Wildtauben , 2nd expanded and revised edition, Karin Wolters, Bottrop 1999, ISBN 3-9801504-9-6 .
- Gerhard Rösler: The wild pigeons of the earth - free living, keeping and breeding . M. & H. Schaper, Alfeld, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7944-0184-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Gibbs et al .: Pigeons and Doves - A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. P. 238.
- ↑ Aplopelia larvata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2016 Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on October 10, 2017th
- ↑ a b c Handbook of the Birds of the World zur Zimttaube , accessed on June 14, 2017
- ↑ a b c d Gibbs et al .: Pigeons and Doves - A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. P. 237.