Zinc-manganese dioxide cell

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The zinc- manganese dioxide cell is the generic term for various galvanic elements , the electrodes of which are formed by zinc and manganese dioxide ( manganese dioxide ), but differ in structure and electrolyte . The zinc-carbon cell is colloquially indistinctly referred to as the brownstone element .

General

Zinc-manganese dioxide cells are used to store electrical energy by converting chemical energy . The electrode voltage for all cells in this family is around 1.5 volts. They are among the primary elements because, unlike accumulators , they are not generally rechargeable. However, some zinc-manganese dioxide cells, such as the alkali-manganese cells , can be reactivated several times by a “refresh charge”.

variants

The zinc-manganese dioxide cells include the following cells:

Leclanché element

The oldest version is the historical Leclanché element from 1866, which initially used a liquid ammonium chloride solution as the electrolyte and was one of the wet cells. Through thickening with wheat flour and various locking systems, further developments represented an early form of today's dry batteries . It is no longer in use today.

Zinc-carbon cell

The zinc-carbon cell also uses an ammonium chloride solution as an electrolyte, but no longer in liquid form, but in bound form. Zinc-carbon elements were a dominant form of the primary cells until they were replaced by the more powerful alkaline-manganese cells .

Zinc chloride cell

In the zinc chloride cell , the zinc electrode also forms the negative pole and manganese dioxide powder (manganese dioxide) forms the positive pole. However, the cell differs in the electrolyte and the chemical reaction in the cell. They were in competition with the zinc-carbon cells and no longer have any practical significance today.

Alkaline manganese cell

The alkaline-manganese cell is currently the most widely used primary cell. It uses a separator made from cellulose and potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte in binders.

literature

  • Lucien F. Trueb, Paul Rüetschi: Batteries and accumulators . Springer, 1998, ISBN 3-540-62997-1 .