Cylinder roses
Cylinder roses | ||||||||||||
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Great Mediterranean cylinder rose |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ceriantharia | ||||||||||||
Perrier , 1893 |
The cylinder roses (Ceriantharia) are an order of the flower animals (Anthozoa), which exclusively comprises solitary representatives. They live worldwide in both tropical and temperate seas at depths of 1 to 50 meters. About 100 species are currently described. The processing status of this group is, however, rather poor and recent partial revisions resulted in numerous synonyms.
features
The animals have a trunk without a foot disk. They are hermaphrodites , which, unlike other flower animals, reproduce almost exclusively sexually; asexual budding is rare.
Way of life
The cylinder roses live in a living tube made of grains of sand, hardened slime and expelled nettle capsules in mud or sand soils. In the event of danger, they can withdraw into it in a flash. In the North Sea and parts of the Baltic Sea , the North Sea cylinder rose ( Cerianthus lloydi ) lives , which is 15 cm long and has 60 to 70 cm long tentacles.
Systematics
The cylinder roses are currently divided into two suborders Penicillaria and Spiralia with a total of three families. The penicillaria are characterized by the presence of so-called pencilli nematocysts, which in other terminology are also referred to as microbasic p-mastigophores or microbasic amastigophores. The spiralia do not have these penicilli; they are thus probably paraphyletic .
- Order cylinder roses (Ceriantaria)
- Family Arachnanthidae McMurrich, 1910
- Genus Arachnanthus Carlgren, 1912
- Genus Isarachnanthus Carlgren, 1924
- Banded cylinder rose ( Isarachnanthus nocturnus )
- Genus Arachnactis Sars, 1846
- Family Botrucnidiferidae Carlgren, 1912
- Genus Botruanthus McMurrich, 1910
- Genus Botrucnidifer Carlgren, 1912
- Family Cerianthidae Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1852
- Genus Cerianthus del Chiaje, 1830
- Genus Ceriantheomorphs Carlgren, 1931
- Genus Ceriantheopsis Carlgren, 1912
- Genus Pachycerianthus Roule, 1904
- Family Arachnanthidae McMurrich, 1910
Phylogeny
The cylinder roses belong to the Hexacorallia , the six-pointed flower animals. They are considered the basal taxon of the Hexacorallia and are compared to all other Hexacorallia as a sister group . A single study from 1995, however, sees the cylinder roses as basal flower animals (anthozoa) outside the taxa of the Hexacorallia and Octocorallia .
literature
- Marymegan Daly, Mercer R. Brugler, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collin, Michael N. Dawson, Daphne G. Fautin, Scott C. France, Catherine S. McFadden, Dennis M. Opresko, Estefania Rodriguez, Sandra L. Romano & Joel L. Stake: The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668: 127-182, Wellington 2007 ISSN 1175-5326 ( Abstract - PDF )
- Svein A. Fosså, Alf Jacob Nilsen: Coral reef aquarium. Volume 4, Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, ISBN 3-928819-05-4 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Collins AG, Cartwright P., McFadden CS, Schierwater B.: Phylogenetic Context and Basal Metazoan Model Systems. In: Integr. Comp. Biol. 45: 585-594 (2005), ( PDF; 84 kB ).