Cylinder roses

Cylinder roses
	Great Mediterranean cylinder rose; ( Cerianthus membranaceus )
Systematics
without rank:	Multicellular animals (Metazoa)
without rank:	Tissue animals (Eumetazoa)
Trunk :	Cnidarians (Cnidaria)
Class :	Flower animals (anthozoa)
Subclass :	Hexacorallia
Order :	Cylinder roses
Scientific name
	Ceriantharia
	Perrier , 1893

The cylinder roses (Ceriantharia) are an order of the flower animals (Anthozoa), which exclusively comprises solitary representatives. They live worldwide in both tropical and temperate seas at depths of 1 to 50 meters. About 100 species are currently described. The processing status of this group is, however, rather poor and recent partial revisions resulted in numerous synonyms.

features

The animals have a trunk without a foot disk. They are hermaphrodites , which, unlike other flower animals, reproduce almost exclusively sexually; asexual budding is rare.

Way of life

The cylinder roses live in a living tube made of grains of sand, hardened slime and expelled nettle capsules in mud or sand soils. In the event of danger, they can withdraw into it in a flash. In the North Sea and parts of the Baltic Sea , the North Sea cylinder rose ( Cerianthus lloydi ) lives , which is 15 cm long and has 60 to 70 cm long tentacles.

Systematics

The cylinder roses are currently divided into two suborders Penicillaria and Spiralia with a total of three families. The penicillaria are characterized by the presence of so-called pencilli nematocysts, which in other terminology are also referred to as microbasic p-mastigophores or microbasic amastigophores. The spiralia do not have these penicilli; they are thus probably paraphyletic .

Order cylinder roses (Ceriantaria)
- Family Arachnanthidae McMurrich, 1910
  - Genus Arachnanthus Carlgren, 1912
  - Genus Isarachnanthus Carlgren, 1924
    - Banded cylinder rose ( Isarachnanthus nocturnus )
  - Genus Arachnactis Sars, 1846
- Family Botrucnidiferidae Carlgren, 1912
  - Genus Botruanthus McMurrich, 1910
  - Genus Botrucnidifer Carlgren, 1912
- Family Cerianthidae Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1852
  - Genus Cerianthus del Chiaje, 1830
  - Genus Ceriantheomorphs Carlgren, 1931
  - Genus Ceriantheopsis Carlgren, 1912
  - Genus Pachycerianthus Roule, 1904

Phylogeny

The cylinder roses belong to the Hexacorallia , the six-pointed flower animals. They are considered the basal taxon of the Hexacorallia and are compared to all other Hexacorallia as a sister group . A single study from 1995, however, sees the cylinder roses as basal flower animals (anthozoa) outside the taxa of the Hexacorallia and Octocorallia .

Banded cylinder rose
( Isarachnanthus nocturnus )

literature

Marymegan Daly, Mercer R. Brugler, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collin, Michael N. Dawson, Daphne G. Fautin, Scott C. France, Catherine S. McFadden, Dennis M. Opresko, Estefania Rodriguez, Sandra L. Romano & Joel L. Stake: The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668: 127-182, Wellington 2007 ISSN 1175-5326 ( Abstract - PDF )
Svein A. Fosså, Alf Jacob Nilsen: Coral reef aquarium. Volume 4, Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, ISBN 3-928819-05-4 .

Individual evidence

^ Collins AG, Cartwright P., McFadden CS, Schierwater B.: Phylogenetic Context and Basal Metazoan Model Systems. In: Integr. Comp. Biol. 45: 585-594 (2005), ( PDF; 84 kB ).

Web links

Commons : Cylinder Roses (Ceriantharia) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Photos of cylinder roses

[1] Collins AG, Cartwright P., McFadden CS, Schierwater B.: Phylogenetic Context and Basal Metazoan Model Systems. In: Integr. Comp. Biol. 45: 585-594 (2005), ( PDF; 84 kB ).