Brodick Castle

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View of the palace building from the east over the Walled Garden
View of the castle building from the southwest

Brodick Castle is a castle on the Scottish island of Arran near the town of Brodick . It stands on a flat plateau on the east side of the island on the north shore of Brodick Bay . In the northwest, behind the castle, rises the 874 meter high Goatfell .

The current system emerged from a Viking fort. The current name of the castle comes from that time: Brodick means "large bay" in the Old Norse language ( English broad bay ). After the Battle of Largs ceded to the Scottish king, the latter used the complex as one of a total of three royal bases on the island; besides Brodick, he had Lochranza and Kildonan Castle at his disposal.

A new castle was built on the foundations of the Viking complex in the 13th century under the Stewarts of Menteith , which was gradually expanded and rebuilt over centuries into today's castle in the style of the Scottish Baronials . One last major structural change was made in the 1840s by the Dukes of Hamilton , who owned Brodick Castle since the last quarter of the 15th century and whose ancestral home it was until the end of the 17th century. After the death of Mary Louise Hamilton in 1957, the castle including 600 went  acres (about 243  hectares ) land in state ownership over and has since been the National Trust for Scotland managed (NTS). Brodick is thus the institution's oldest still habitable property.

Since April 14, 1971, the complex, including the associated park and garden, has been a listed building of category A under monument protection . The castle building can be visited for a fee from April to October. Its rooms display a collection of furniture, silverware, china and paintings, including numerous pieces from the collection of the eccentric author and architect William Beckford of Fonthill . Brodick's castle park with its famous rhododendron collection is open to visitors all year round. But although the castle is one of the most important objects in the care of the National Trust , with a deficit of up to 450,000  pounds per year it is also the most loss-making, as only about 27,000 visitors find their way there each year. For comparison: The roughly equal ruin of Linlithgow Palace , which is in the care of Historic Scotland , had over 62,000 visitors in 2011.

history

The beginnings

Arran belonged to the small Scottish kingdom of Dalriada since the 6th century . The Scots were followed by Vikings as lords of the island, who built the first fortifications at the site of today's castle . Due to its location, it controlled the entry into the Firth of Clyde and thus the lake access to much of the Scottish west coast. In the following years, this strategically important facility was therefore often contested. In the 1260s, before the Battle of Largs, it was in the hands of the MacDonalds .

After the Vikings Arran after the lost Battle of Largs in 1263 finally to the Scottish King Alexander III. had to cede, this integrated the island into the Kingdom of Scotland and gave the land to the Stewarts of Menteith. The family built their first stone castle on the foundations of the old Viking fort around 1265. It was a rectangular complex that was surrounded on all sides by a circular wall. On the land side in the north and north-west it was protected by a moat at least 20 meters wide , and on the sea side by a steep slope. Inside the ring wall in the north stood a strong round tower and a hall building , which was accessed through a stair tower at its northeast corner. In the late 13th or early 14th century, the castle gate was reinforced in the west by a barbican or a watchtower with three storeys.

Scottish Wars of Independence (1296-1371) and Destruction (1455)

During the First Scottish War of Independence , the castle was captured and occupied by the troops of King Edward I of England . It was then under the administration of Sir John Hastings, whom Edward I appointed as bailiff . In 1307, however, supporters of Robert the Bruce managed to retake the facility. On the occasion of these fights, Brodick Castle was first mentioned in writing. Robert pursued the destruction of numerous Scottish castles in order to prevent English conquests; so in 1314 Roxburgh, Edinburgh and Stirling were destroyed. He married his daughter Marjorie to Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland . Their son Robert inherited the claims to Arran and thus to the castle of Brodick when the Menteith branch of the Stewarts died out in the male line. When Robert ascended the Scottish throne as the first member of the Stewart family in 1371, Brodick Castle became the property of the Scottish Crown. In 1351, however, English troops destroyed the facility. After it was rebuilt, it presented itself again as a closed complex, the high ring wall not only enclosing stone buildings, but also various farm buildings made of wood and half-timbered, such as kitchens, a brewery , barns, stables and a chapel .

In 1406 King Henry IV of England sent a fleet that shot at the castle from the sea and damaged it severely. Some 50 years later, the clan chief took advantage of the MacDonalds of Dunnyweg, Donald Balloch of Islay, the absence of the castle manager in 1455, to Brodick together with his cousin John of Islay, Earl of Ross and Lord of the Isles , attack to plunder and then almost razing to the ground.

Ancestral seat of the Dukes of Hamilton

Mary Stewart , daughter of Jacob II , married James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton , in 1474 . She had brought Arran as a dowry into her first marriage, so that her son James Boyd inherited the island when his father died. When he was murdered in 1484, Arran and Brodick Castle came through Mary to James Hamilton , the firstborn of their second marriage. He was appointed Earl of Arran in 1503 by his cousin King James IV for his services to the court . The newly minted earl had previously successfully negotiated the king's marriage to Margaret Tudor , sister of Henry VIII of England . James Hamilton rebuilt the castle from around 1510, but it was damaged again in an uprising in 1528, because the building of the earldom had met strong local resistance and culminated in a revolt that year that again affected Brodick Castle has been. After rebuilding, Jacob V used the complex together with Lochranza Castle as a base for his military ventures to fight the rebellious Lords of the Isles and finally subjugate them.

Brodick Castle in an engraving by Thomas Vivares, 1790

After the death of Jacob V, his daughter Maria was crowned Queen of Scotland at the age of only six days. The reign was exercised by Brodick's owners, James Hamilton , second Earl of Arran , when she was a minor . The English King Henry VIII wanted to force his son Eduard to marry Maria and therefore sent 4,000 soldiers to Arran to fight for this by military means. During the conflict called Rough Wooing , his troops under the command of the Earl of Lennox , Matthew Stewart , attacked the regent's ancestral palace with 600 men and besieged it in 1544 . The complex was again badly damaged by arson , but it was restored after the end of the conflict in 1545. In 1558 it was damaged by English troops, this time under the leadership of the Earl of Sussex , Henry Radclyffe . The reason for this was that James Hamilton continued to postpone the marriage of his ward, so that the English Queen Elizabeth I took the same path as her predecessor and had Brodick attacked and devastated the area. In 1604 the facility was badly dilapidated because the officers stationed there neglected proper maintenance. Its owner at the time, James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton , had not lived at the castle for a long time, but stayed at the English court in London. James Hamilton , Earl of Abercorn , had Brodick Castle restored in his name . Due to the many damages, repairs and reconstructions as well as the associated changes to the building stock, the appearance of the former castle had been changed considerably. The hall building had given way to a typical Scottish tower house , and the round towers had been given a square upper floor.

During the Wars of Religion , the Campbells and the Hamiltons competed for the facility, so that it changed hands between these two families five times between 1639 and 1651. James , third Marquess of Hamilton , was named Duke of Hamilton in 1643 . He died on the scaffold in 1649 at Cromwell's orders. After his brother William died shortly after the Battle of Worcester in 1651, Brodick was occupied by Cromwell's troops in April of the following year. They then used Brodick Castle as a garrison and had numerous conversions made. They replaced the barbican at the east end with a powerful battery, which meant that the main entrance had to be relocated to the south side. The tower house used as accommodation was extended to the south by two axes, making it almost twice as large as before. Altered in this way, the Hamilton family got their castle back after the end of the Cromwell era in the late 1680s. The owner was Anne Hamilton , the daughter of the first and niece of the second duke. She was the only woman to ever become Duchess of Hamilton in her own right. In 1660 she had married William Douglas , Earl of Selkirk , who had been named the third Duke of Hamilton at the time of marriage. The philanthropist Anne was very charitable and made numerous improvements on the island of Arran. Therefore, the islanders gave her the nickname "the good Duchess" ( English the good duchess ). At the beginning of the 18th century she had Brodick Castle once again extensively repaired. The castle was not only the center of administration, but also served as a temporary residence.

extension

Brodick Castle after expansion in the 1840s

The tenth Duke, Alexander Douglas-Hamilton , married William Beckford's daughter Susan Euphemia in 1810, who was made his sole heiress by her father. After his death in 1844, the huge Beckford fortune came into the hands of the Hamilton family. Beckford's vast art collection was split between Brodick Castle and Hamilton Palace , the main residence of the ducal family. Because its furniture was auctioned in 1822 and thus scattered to the wind, Brodick now has the world's largest collection of Beckfordiana. Duke Alexander offered shelter to Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte , who had been banned from France in 1836 and was interested in landscape architecture , on his estate several times. The future Emperor of the French used the opportunity of his stay at Brodick to make suggestions for the design of the palace garden to the Duke, which he - like his successor later - took up and implemented. The eldest son of Alexander and Susan, William , married the Baden princess Marie von Baden , a granddaughter of Napoleon Bonaparte , in February 1843 . Since the newlyweds needed their own representative home, the groom's father commissioned the expansion and renovation of Brodick Castle in 1844. The Scottish architect James Gillespie Graham provided the plans for the change of the castle in the style of the Scottish Baronial . Initially, however, he proposed much larger modifications than were finally implemented. Three more axes were added to the tower house in the south. Graham had a massive, multi-story tower attached to it. At the same time, a large garden was laid out on the southeast side of the building. The moat that used to surround the castle was filled in as early as 1813. In the garden, William had a garden house built by Bavarian craftsmen for his wife in 1848, which should remind her of her home country with its special construction. Further expansion plans for Brodick Castle came from William Burn (1854 / 56-1860), William John Green (1874/75/76) and William Andrews Nesfield (around 1882), but none of them were implemented. Only a few changes to the buildings on the north side of the courtyard were implemented in 1918/19 based on the designs by Reginald Blomfield .

Mary Louise Hamilton, photograph from 1910 at the latest

Transition to the National Trust , conservation, reconstruction, research

Upon the death of the twelfth Duke of Hamilton, William Douglas-Hamilton , in 1895, the title and associated possessions came to a distant relative who was a descendant of the fourth Duke . Brodick inherited William's only child, his daughter Mary. Through her marriage in 1906 to James Graham , the later Duke of Montrose , the palace complex came to his family. From 1919 Mary designed the extensive gardens of the castle together with her son-in-law, Major JPT Boscawen, and laid the foundation for today's rhododendron collection. She lived on Brodick until her death in 1957. Her heirs offered the property to the state in lieu of inheritance tax, and the state placed it in the care of the National Trust for Scotland .

He made the facility accessible to the public and has had many restorations and repairs carried out since then . For example, in 1981/83 the so-called Walled Garden was reconstructed according to the plan of the 1930s and one of the summer houses was rebuilt in 1992. During such work, a dungeon was discovered in 1977. According to legend, the secret passage from the castle to the Arran coast has not yet been discovered . Archaeological investigations between 2003 and 2004 led to the discovery of medieval kilns for the provision of building material.

description

Brodick Castle stands in the middle of an extensive castle park, which is criss-crossed by more than ten miles (16 km) of paths. A wide avenue leads from the main entrance in the east of the castle area to the main building made of red sandstone , which has been badly damaged several times in the course of its history, then rebuilt and changed and expanded in the process. However, the difference between the old and the new is not immediately apparent to the visitor, because newer additions imitate the shape and material of the older building fabric. On closer inspection, however, the seams of the individual construction phases can be seen especially on the southern long side of the castle.

Exterior

Main building of the castle, view from the southeast

Brodick's main building is an elongated structure, the individual parts of which date from different eras. The core is a late medieval tower house from the 15th century with three floors. Its cellar with the former castle kitchen and its ground floor may come from a previous building from the 13th century. Its upper floor is closed off by a slightly cantilevered, crenellated battlement with pseudo- machiculis . Two extensions follow one after the other in the northeast, connecting the core building with the former three-storey, but slightly higher, gate tower of the facility. A single-storey artillery platform is located in front of this to the east , and the former main entrance is located in the southern outer wall.

The so-called central building from the 17th century adjoins the core building to the south-west. Its three floors are also closed off by a battlement. The large south-facing windows on the upper floors illustrate the more recent construction date of this part of the building and divide it into four axes. The southern corner of the castle is formed by a massive four-storey square tower and corner turrets on the top storey. It is closed off by a gable roof with stepped gables . It is followed by a three-story building to the north, which, like him, dates from the early Victorian era . This is where today's main portal is located . The family coat of arms of the Hamiltons with their motto Through and the year 1844 can be found in the stepped gable of the upper floor. It identifies them as the builders of this part of the castle. The entire southern section of the castle shows similarities to two other projects by its architect James Gillespie Graham: the west wing of Taymouth Castle (around 1839) and the main part of Ayton Castle from 1846.

On the back of the main building facing the courtyard are various flat extensions from the early 19th to early 20th centuries. Among other things, they were used as pantries, cold stores, coal stores and for sanitary purposes. The single-storey building complex on the north side of the courtyard is called Bobbie's Building and is more recent. It dates from 1921.

inside rooms

The visitor enters the spacious entrance hall through the portal in the Victorian southern part of the castle. From there the administration rooms as well as a non-public library of the National Trust can be reached. The stucco coffered ceiling comes from the palace expansion under James Gillespie Graham in the 1840s. The large fireplace with hardwood surrounds, however, dates from 1925. Its top shows the carved coat of arms of the Hamiltons and their motto Through . According to legend, this established itself as a family motto after Sir Gilbert Hamilton disguised himself as a lumberjack when he escaped from English captivity in 1323 . Through was the usual call for forest workers at the time to warn of falling trees. When the pursuing English soldiers heard that call from the forest, they interpreted it in such a way that the persecuted had run through the forest (the English "through" means "through") and set off on a wrong track. Hamilton stayed behind safely and was able to escape his captors. 87 deer antlers and a set of six small paintings by James Pollard from 1832 to 1833, which are thematically dedicated to the St Albans Grand Steeplechase , illustrate the passion of the twelfth Duke of Hamilton for hunting and equestrian sports.

bathroom

A wide, massive wooden staircase leads from the entrance hall to the rooms on the first floor and ends in a small anteroom, in which numerous pieces from William Beckford's art collection are exhibited today. From there, via a long, narrow corridor, the Red Gallery , not only the public representative rooms of the palace can be reached, but also the ducal private rooms. The latter include a dressing room, the furniture of which dates from the 18th and 19th centuries. Only one brass bed comes from the Victorian era. In an adjoining small room, the visitor is presented with 19th century bathroom fittings made of mahogany wood . In contrast to the rest of the lock fittings, however, this is not originally from Hamilton, but was first installed there by the National Trust for Scotland . The dressing room leads to a bedroom that was last used by Mary Louise Hamilton. Almost all of the furniture in this room is from the 18th century. The most important piece among them is a chest of drawers made of padouk wood, which dates from the time of King George II . The so-called boudoir , the private living room of the Duchess of Montrose , is attached to the bedroom . Its most valuable pieces of equipment include a Dutch office cupboard with inlays , an English corner cupboard made of walnut wood and a watercolor by William Turner showing the Beckford seat of Fonthill Abbey .

The sequence of public spaces reserved for representation begins with a large salon called the Drawing Room ( German for  retreat or gentlemen's room , derived from the English verb to withdraw ). The Drawing Room is the largest room in the entire palace. Its walls were previously covered with green silk damask , which is why it was also called the Green Salon . Its elaborately designed stucco ceiling is the most ornate ceiling in Brodick Castle. It was created by Italian artists in 1844 and shows the family tree from the eleventh Duke of Hamilton to the Scottish King James II. Almost all of the furniture in the salon is of French origin and dates from the 18th century, for example a chest of drawers by the cabinet maker Leonard Boudin . The exception to this is a large chandelier originally used at Buchanan Castle in Stirlingshire , the former residence of the sixth Duke of Montrose. The marble fireplace is from the Baroque period . Several paintings by famous artists hang on the walls, including a portrait of Mary Louise Hamilton by Philip Alexius de László from 1912 and two works by Antoine Watteau .

The drawing room has a connection with the library. This is located in the central building from the 17th century, which can be seen, among other things, from the deep window frames and thus the thick walls. The room was changed when Graham was remodeled; for example, its stucco ceiling dates from the 1840s. In addition to other Beckfordiana, there is a large, round wooden table inlaid in the form of the initials M & D in the library . It was a wedding present to the eleventh ducal couple. The black marble fireplace shows once again the Hamilton family's motto. Two doors lead from the library into the dining room, which is located in the oldest part of the castle from the 16th century. Its ceiling dates from 1844, while the oak lambris and the long dining table did not come to Brodick from Letheringham Abbey in Suffolk until 1921 . The chairs date from the early 19th century and are covered with Cordovan leather . A painting by Ramsay Richard Reinagle , which depicts a boxing match between William Warr and William Wood, hangs above the historicist Neo-Gothic fireplace made in 1925 . Another large painting by John Frederick Herring senior from 1844, The Dirtiest Derby , shows a horse race. The table decorations in the room, as well as the porcelain and silverware on display, are changed every year to gradually show visitors all the pieces from the Beckford collection. You can always see a pair of soup troughs in the shape of geese from the Chinese Qianlong period of the 18th century.

Rinsing and cleaning kitchen

The large castle kitchen can also be reached from the Red Gallery . Its height extends over two floors from the ground floor to the first floor. In the past, the dining room could be served from there via a food elevator that is no longer available. Remnants of the associated pulley can still be seen in the kitchen ceiling. The equipment corresponds to the usual inventory of a large kitchen from the 19th century. It has a large coal stove with two fireplaces and three ovens. In addition, the kitchen is equipped with a separate bread oven. In addition, meat could be grilled on a rotating spit over an open fire. The numerous existing copper kitchen utensils are not all original, unlike the dishes from pewter into which the Hamilton-crest is embossed. An adjacent wash-up and cleaning kitchen was used to prepare food and wash up.

Parts of Beckford's large silver collection are on display in the castle's former wine cellar .

Gardens and park

The palace area is divided into three different gardens and a forest-like country park . The latter is located in the northern part of the site and was opened to the public in 1980. In the Country Side Center located there, visitors can find out about the flora and fauna of the Country Park as well as the work of the rangers working there . Plants that grow in the park include arum , woodland ringwort , pulmonary lichen , wild garlic , English skin fern and bluebells . Animals in the Country Park include badgers , squirrels , sparrowhawks , owls and the night swallows, which are rare in Scotland .

and display information about the image
Part of the landscape garden with its rhododendrons

The resulting, according to a year at the north entrance in 1710 Walled Garden (German: walled garden) is around a Hausteinmauer surrounded. Originally it was laid out as a kitchen garden to take care of the castle residents. When a new fruit and vegetable garden was opened in 1850 near what is now the Cladach settlement , the old kitchen garden lost its original function. It was transformed into a formal garden and decorated with flowers and exotic plants from all over the world. However, it did not get its current appearance until the beginning of the 1980s, when the National Trust had the now overgrown garden restored according to the designs of Mary Louise Hamilton. Today there are several acacias and cylinder cleaners to be found there, as well as club lilies , a sticky seed tree and a specimen from the genus Leptospermum . In late spring parts of the garden wall with lilac flowers of sitting in the wall columns Alps balsams covered. The plants next to them in the beds are chosen so that - supported by an annually renewed spring and summer planting - flowering plants can be seen almost all year round. The oldest plant is a huge specimen of a real laurel , which could have come from the first half of the 18th century when the kitchen garden was first planted.

South of the Walled Gardens is the Pond and Bog Garden ( German  pond and bog garden ), which is in full bloom in late spring and early summer. This is ensured, among other things, by a large number of primroses , which are actually native to East Asia. Consisting of Brazil originating Mammutblatt is also represented there with many copies.

The largest of the three palace gardens is the landscape garden called Woodland Garden , which takes up the entire southern palace area of ​​Brodick. It is world famous for its extensive collection of often house-high rhododendron bushes and is one of the most impressive of its kind in Great Britain . The wide variety of rhododendron cultivars is one of the reasons Brodick Castle is home to one of the UK's three national collections. This collection is completed by the native plants to be found in the Country Park as well as the many exotic plants in the palace garden, which come from China , the Himalayan region , Myanmar , New Zealand , Tasmania and Chile , among others . The landscape garden was laid out under Mary Louise Hamilton, who together with her son-in-law laid the foundation for today's plant collection from 1926. The first rhododendron specimens came as a gift from the gardens of Muncaster Castle in Cumbria . Various other species found their way into the palace gardens of Brodick through expeditions, for example by Frank Kingdon-Ward , Joseph Francis Rock and George Forrest . Mary's son-in-law expanded the plant collection in the 1930s with a shipload of exotic plants that he had brought to Brodick from his uncle's garden on the Isles of Scilly . In 1962, the Woodland Garden was expanded again when Sir James Horlick gave various rhododendrons from his garden at Achnamore House on the island of Gigha to Brodick's palace garden as a gift. The corresponding garden section is now called Horlick Garden after its patron .

Two buildings in the landscape garden are of particular historical interest. A hidden ice cellar was used in the 19th century to store snow and ice from the mountains of Canada at a depth of around seven meters in order to use them to preserve food. The more unusual the two buildings but the Bavarian summer house ( English Bavarian Summer House ). It is the only remaining of four garden houses that the eleventh Duke of Hamilton had built. The remaining three were severely neglected by the twelfth duke and ducal couple, because they enjoyed riding and hunting more than gardening, and so the pavilions remained unused and gradually fell into disrepair. Only the Bavarian summer house could be saved from final ruin. The peculiarity of this wooden pavilion lies in the decoration of its interior walls and ceiling, which consists entirely of small branches and pine cones . In 1966 the wall decoration was restored by students from the Priory School of the Isle of Wight using only material from the castle gardens. The ceiling is still in its unrestored original condition.

  • The Walled Garden , view from the northwest

  • Part of the Pond and Bog Gardens

  • Game in the Horlick Garden

  • Ceiling in the Bavarian summer house

The castle in art and culture

Although Brodick Castle is a long way from the great Scottish royal castles and, with the exception of the brief reign of James Hamilton in the 16th century, never had any national importance, its image has graced the 20-pound notes of the Royal Bank of Scotland since 1987 . The director Sandra Goldbacher found the castle so appealing that from July 1997 part of the filming of her film The Governess took place at Brodick Castle.

Various ghost stories are also associated with the castle. The so-called gray lady is said to haunt the older part of the building. It is said that it is the ghost of a woman who was imprisoned in the castle dungeon because of an alleged plague , where she starved to death. In addition, a male ghost is said to have been seen sitting in the library several times. And a white stag allegedly always appears at the castle when the head of the Hamilton clan dies a short time later.

literature

  • C. Aslet: Brodick Castle, Isle of Arran . Part 1. In: Country Life . February 10, 1983, ISSN  0045-8856 , pp. 322-325.
  • C. Aslet: Brodick Castle, Isle of Arran . Part 2. In: Country Life . February 17, 1983, ISSN  0045-8856 , pp. 380-383.
  • John S. Basford: Brodick Castle Gardens . In: Quarterly Bulletin of the American Rhododendron Society . Vol. 26, No. 3, July 1972, ISSN  0003-0821 ( online ).
  • Martin Coventry: The castles of Scotland. A comprehensive references and gazetteer to more than 2000 castles . 2nd Edition. Goblinshead, Edinburgh 1997, ISBN 1899874-10-0 , p. 90.
  • Richard Dargie: Scottish Castles & Fortifications . GW Publishing, Berks 2009, ISBN 978-0-9561211-0-3 , p. 34.
  • Sheila Forman: Scottish Country Houses & Castles . 2nd Edition. Collins, Glasgow / London 1971, pp. 13-15.
  • Cristina Gambaro: Scotland. Castles and Palaces. Culture and landscape . Karl Müller, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-89893-075-0 , pp. 66-69.
  • Christopher Hartley, John Basford, Derrick Warner, John Forgie: Brodick Castle and Country Park . The National Trust for Scotland, Edinburgh 2013, ISBN 1-906431-06-X .
  • David MacGibbon, Thomas Ross: The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland . Volume 3. David Douglas, Edinburgh 1889, pp. 285-289 ( online ).
  • John M'Arthur: The Antiquities of Arran. With a historical Sketch of the Island, embracing an Account of the Sudreyjar under the Norsemen . Thomas Murray & Son, Glasgow 1861, pp. 143-162 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Brodick Castle  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ Anthony David Mills: A dictionary of British place-names . Oxford University Press, Oxford [u. a.] 2003, ISBN 978-019-852-758-9 , o. S. ( digitized ).
  2. ^ Susan Ross: The Castles of Scotland . Letts, London 1973, ISBN 0-85097-184-5 , p. 40.
  3. ↑ Jack B. Stevenson: Glasgow, Clydeside & Stirling . HSMO, Edinburgh 1995, ISBN 0-11-495291-4 , p. 75.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Listed Building - Entry . In: Historic Scotland .
  5. ^ Brain Ferguson: NTS plans £ 8m overhaul of Brodick castle . In: Scotland on Sunday . Edition of April 28, 2013 ( online ).
  6. ^ Palace attracts more visitors . In: Linlithgow Gazette . Edition of June 26, 2012 ( online ).
  7. ^ Robert McLellan, Norman Newton: The Isle of Arran . 2nd Edition. Pevensey Press, Newton Abbot 1997, ISBN 0-907115-91-8 , p. 32.
  8. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a ..: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 8.
  9. ^ A b Robert McLellan, Norman Newton: The Isle of Arran . 2nd Edition. Pevensey Press, Newton Abbot 1997, ISBN 0-907115-91-8 , p. 19.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Entry on Brodick Castle  in Canmore, Historic Environment Scotland database, accessed September 25, 2013.
  11. ↑ a b Information on Brodick Castle on undiscoveredscotland.com , accessed September 25, 2013.
  12. ↑ a b c Handouts of the National Trust for Scotland for the castle tour.
  13. ^ David Cornell: A Kingdom Cleared of Castles. The Role of the Castle in the Campaigns of Robert Bruce . In: The Scottish Historical Review . Vol. 87, No. 2, 2008, pp. 233-257.
  14. ^ A b Robert McLellan, Norman Newton: The Isle of Arran . 2nd Edition. Pevensey Press, Newton Abbot 1997, ISBN 0-907115-91-8 , p. 28.
  15. ↑ a b c d Information according to NTS information board on site.
  16. ^ Robert McLellan, Norman Newton: The Isle of Arran . 2nd Edition. Pevensey Press, Newton Abbot 1997, ISBN 0-907115-91-8 , p. 29.
  17. ↑ a b Christopher Winn: I Never Knew That About the Scottish . Ebury Press, London 2009, ISBN 9780091926724 , p. 70 ( digitized version ).
  18. ^ A b c d M. Coventry: The castles of Scotland , 1997, p. 90.
  19. ^ S. Forman: Scottish Country Houses & Castles , 1971, p. 14.
  20. ^ Alastair Campbell: A History of Clan Campbell. From Flodden to Restoration . Volume 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2002, ISBN 1-902930-18-5 , p. 28.
  21. ^ R. Dargie: Scottish Castles & Fortifications , 2009, p. 34.
  22. ↑ Helen Baker: The Glencairn Uprising, 1653-54 . Lancaster 2005, p. 4 ( PDF ; 435 kB).
  23. ^ A b S. Forman: Scottish Country Houses & Castles , 1971, p. 15.
  24. ↑ a b C. Hartley et al. a ..: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 8.
  25. ↑ Thomas Wiltberger Evans: Memoirs of Dr. Thomas W. Evans. The second French empire . Appleton, New York 1905, p. 35 ( digitized version ).
  26. ^ David H. Pinkney: Napoleon III's Transformation of Paris. The Origins and Development of the Idea . In: The Journal of Modern History . Vol. 27, No. 2, June 1955, ISSN  0022-2801 , p. 125 ( digitized version ).
  27. ^ A b c Information sheet of the National Trust for Scotland on the Bavarian summer house .
  28. ^ S. Forman: Scottish Country Houses & Castles , 1971, p. 13.
  29. ↑ Tom Addyman: Brodick Castle . In: Discovery and Excavation in Scotland . New series, Vol. 7, 2006, ISSN  0419-411X , pp. 113-114 ( PDF ; 7.6 MB).
  30. ^ A b c Information flyer from the National Trust for Scotland on Brodick Castle, o. P.
  31. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 10.
  32. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 13.
  33. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 14.
  34. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 19.
  35. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 20.
  36. ↑ C. Hartley, et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, pp. 30–31.
  37. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 31.
  38. ↑ Francesca Greenoak: The Gardens of the National Trust for Scotland . Aurum Press, London 2005, ISBN 1-84513-037-5 , p. 16.
  39. ↑ a b c d C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 26.
  40. ↑ The data for the restoration fluctuate between 1981 and 1983.
  41. ↑ C. Hartley et al. a .: Brodick Castle and Country Park , 2013, p. 28.
  42. ↑ a b C. Gambaro: Scotland. Castles and Palaces. Culture and Landscape , 2003, p. 68.
  43. ^ JS Basford: Brodick Castle Gardens , 1972 ( online ).
  44. ↑ Production Details The Governess on sonyclassics.com , access on September 25, 2013.

Coordinates: 55 ° 35 ′ 41.6 ″  N , 5 ° 9 ′ 3.7 ″  W.


This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on November 13, 2013 in this version .