Ironman Hawaii
 Ironman Hawaii
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|
| venue |
Hawaii , Hawaii United States
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| First run | 1978 |
| organizer | World Triathlon Corporation |
| Records | |
| distance |
 3.86 km
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| track record | Men: 7:51:13 h, 2019 Jan Frodeno Women: 8:26:18 h, 2018 Daniela Ryf 
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| Website | Official website |
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The Ironman Hawaii is the oldest Triathlon Long Distance with 3.86 km (2,4 Miles ) swimming , 180.2 km (112 miles) cycling and 42.195 km (26.2 miles) run , which since the Erstaustragung 1978 at the Birthplace of the Ironman brand [ 'aɪɘrnˌmæn ] ( British pronunciation: [ ' aɪɘnˌmæn ]) takes place on the Hawaiian archipelago in the Pacific Ocean . Since 1982 it has been held annually in October on the main island of Hawaii (previously on Oahu ) under the name Ironman World Championship , which has since been protected as a trademark . Since the mid-1980s, both amateurs and professional triathletes have generally required a qualification in competitions held worldwide that are licensed or hosted by the owner of the trademark. The Ironman Hawaii event for 2020 has been canceled due to the corona pandemic .
Course of the competition
The Ironman Hawaii is considered one of the world's most demanding endurance competitions . In addition to the mental and physical demands on the athletes resulting from the length of the competition route , these are also challenged by the climatic conditions in the Hawaiian lava desert during the race. The Ho'o Mumuku winds, unpredictable gusty cross winds with speeds of up to 80 km / h, can have a significant impact on the course of the race , especially on the bike course, where slipstream driving is prohibited as in all Ironman races . Both when cycling and on the largely shadowless running route, the participants are exposed to temperatures of in some cases well over 30 ° C and high humidity.
“Swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, run 26.2 miles. Brag for the rest of your life! "
“Swim 3.8 km, cycle 180 km, run 42.2 km. Brag about it for the rest of your life! "
Most of the participants are already in Hawaii a week before the competition to acclimatize. The program begins on the Saturday before the competition with swimming training at Kailua Pier and a 5 km run on Sunday. From the Tuesday before the race, the participants are registered with the collection of the starting documents, the parade of nations starts in the afternoon: In a parade of the participants, led by young soldiers from Hawaii, the athletes, grouped by nationality, move along with bands along the Alii Drive to the Expo site in Kailua-Kona . On Wednesdays and Thursdays there are competition meetings in German, Japanese and English, in which the procedure and the rules are explained. Thursday is the day of the Underpants-Run , a charity event that has its origins in an action from 1998 to target European athletes who are shameless, especially from the point of view of the Americans, who do not wear their swimwear at any time in the restaurant, the supermarket or otherwise suitable public places to poke fun at. On Fridays the check-in of the competition material of the participants (bike, helmet and the two change bags) is in the transition area at Kailua Pier. For the participants, the competition day begins on Saturday morning at 04:45 a.m. with their upper arms marked with their individual start number.
The competition starts in four starting groups from 6:25 a.m. to 7:10 a.m. in Kailua-Kona with the 3.86 km (2.4 miles ) long swim to the open sea and back, the starting shot is given by an old cannon. This is followed by the cycle route through the lava fields north on the Queen K Highway with the turning point in Hawi. After 180.2 km (112 miles), the bike is swapped for the running shoes in Kailua Kona. The marathon leads to the Natural Energy Lab , a research station for the use of ocean energy, and ends with the finish line on Ali'i Drive in Kona.
The official program for the Ironman World Championship ends with the final banquet and the award ceremony on Sunday evening.
qualification
In 2018 there were 40 Ironman competitions worldwide, where qualification for Ironman Hawaii was possible. Until 2015, amateurs were also able to qualify in selected competitions over half the distance ( Ironman 70.3 ). The number of qualification places awarded to amateurs for Hawaii per competition depends on the age group and varies between the individual Ironman competitions. The first place in the individual age groups at the Ironman Hawaii are traditionally entitled to purchase a starting place for the following year without further qualification.
Until 2003, the top 15 male and female professional triathletes of the previous year were also entitled to acquire a starting place without additional qualification. From 2004 to 2006 the top 10 of the previous year were directly qualified, from 2007 to 2011 the top 3. The other professionals of the top 10 had to successfully take part in another competition licensed by the WTC from 2007 to 2011 . For the other professional triathletes there were different numbers of so-called “pro slots” in the qualifying competitions, through which they could acquire a starting place with a corresponding placement.
From September 2011, the “Kona Pro Ranking System” (KPR) was introduced to qualify for the Ironman Hawaii - for the first time in 2012 - which has since obligated the professional triathletes who are competing for a total of 650,000 US dollars in prize money in Hawaii to participate in several competitions organized or licensed by the WTC per season. The first placed woman and the first man in Hawaii receive 8,000 points each, the winners in Frankfurt , Texas , Florianópolis , Cairns and Port Elizabeth each receive 4,000 points, and 2,000 points for the other Ironman races. Further placed will receive a correspondingly reduced number of points. In Ironman 70.3 races, 500, 750 or 1500 points are awarded to the winner, depending on the race. The best five results per athlete, among which there must be at least one Ironman, are added up. The best placed forty male and twenty-eight female athletes will each have the opportunity at the end of July to acquire a starting place for the Ironman Hawaii. At the end of August, all pro slots that were not used at the end of July as well as ten more slots for male and seven more for female starters will be offered to the next best-placed professional triathletes. In addition, ten professional starting places are reserved for the winners of the previous five years, whereby they must complete an Ironman within the qualification period before acquiring a starting place. Another ten professional starting places are reserved for the male and female winners in Frankfurt, Texas, Florianópolis, Cairns and Port Elizabeth. The twelve-month qualification period for professional triathletes begins on September 1st each year.
On July 31, 2015, the WTC announced the professional triathletes qualified for October 10, 2015 in Hawaii: Daniela Ryf , Caroline Steffen and Ronnie Schildknecht and Jan van Berkel from Switzerland, Eva Wutti and Michael Weiss from Austria and the Germans Professionals Julia Gajer , Diana Riesler , Britta Martin , Mareen Hufe and Jan Frodeno , defending champion Sebastian Kienle , Nils Frommhold , Andreas Böcherer , Christian Kramer and Maik Twelsiek represented. At the end of August it was clear that Andreas Raelert and Boris Stein as well as Astrid Stienen could also qualify. Lisa Hütthaler and Sonja Tajsich , who were also qualified , canceled their start due to injury. A total of 99 professional triathletes (57 men and 42 women) were on the starting list for October 10, 2015.
Including the amateurs, the starting list for the Ironman Hawaii 2015 comprised 2378 athletes. The entry fees in 2014 were 775 US dollars, for 2016 they were 850 US dollars plus 6% service fees (for comparison: 100 US dollars in 1986 for around 1000 participants, in 1993 245 US dollars for 1350 participants and in 2005 450 US dollars. Dollars with 1743 starters.) The average age of the participants in the race in the years 2009-2014 was around 42 years. In the years 2015–2017 the starting field consisted of about 71% male and 29% female participants.
The qualification for the Ironman Hawaii is possible in the following competitions:
For Ironman Hawaii 2014 it was also possible for amateurs to qualify for the following races in the Ironman 70.3 series: Mandurah , Auckland , St. Croix , Hawaii , Maryland and Wiesbaden . For the Ironman Hawaii 2015, the Ironman 70.3 Kraichgau was the only middle-distance triathlon to offer 30 qualification places for Hawaii, for the Ironman Hawaii 2016 no qualifications were planned for competitions over other distances.
In addition, 200 starting places were awarded annually through a lottery until 2015. Participation in the lottery was possible for 50 US dollars per year, and since 1990 an additional membership for another 50 US dollars in the Passport Club has increased the chance of winning. From 2012, the chance of winning for repeat participants was also increased through the Legacy Program. Lottery winners could then purchase a starting place for the regular starting price (2015 US $ 850 plus 6% fees).
Route
swim
The 3.86 kilometer (2.4 mile ) swim in the Pacific starts from Kailua Pier in Kailua-Kona Bay, clockwise in the shape of an elongated rectangle in a southerly direction to a turning point halfway through and then back again to the start area. Wetsuits are not allowed in Hawaii, the water temperature in Kailua Bay is typically 26 ° C, well above the limit of 24 ° C. Athletes who leave the water 2:20 hours after their start or later are not allowed to continue the race.
Up to and including 2003 there was a joint mass start for all athletes. From 2004 the professional triathletes started 15 minutes before the amateurs, from 2011 30 minutes.
Since 2012, the male professional triathletes have started five minutes before the female triathletes, the amateurs initially started in a joint group another 25 minutes later. Since 2014, the male and female amateurs have also started in separate waves. In 2015 the starting waves were stretched even further: the male amateurs started 25 minutes after the female professionals, and another fifteen minutes later the female amateurs.
To go biking
The 180.2 kilometer (112 mile) cycling route first runs south to the first turning point, then back through Kona, and further north along the Kona and Kohala coasts on the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and Akoni Pule Highway to to the second turning point in the small town of Hawi and the same route back to Kona. The route consists of a large number of small hills with inclines of up to six percent and a length between a few hundred meters and approx. 1.5 km. About 1500 meters of altitude must be conquered. The highest point of the route is about 200 meters above sea level.
Slipstream riding is generally prohibited at the Ironman, a minimum distance of 10 meters corresponding to five bike lengths (professionals: twelve meters) must be observed (from 2004 to 2014 7 meters, corresponding to four bike lengths). When overtaking, the athlete in front must be passed within 20 s, who must then restore the minimum distance within 20 s. After overtaking, cut in again immediately and obey the right-hand drive. Offenses (also "littering", ie throwing away rubbish outside the refreshment points) are punished by race marshals with yellow or blue cards, after which the athlete has to go to the next penalty box . With a yellow card (e.g. because of "blocking" by disregarding the right-hand driving law) the athlete can continue the competition immediately after naming his start number ("Stop & Go"), with a blue card only after the time penalty of five minutes has expired (2014 four minutes). Athletes who do not stop at the next penalty box , have received more than two warnings or have not finished the bike course at the latest 10:30 h after the start of the race, are not allowed to continue the race.
To run
The 42.195-kilometer running route (corresponding to the marathon distance) first runs south to Keauhou to a first turning point, then back through Kona north on the Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway (which is also the bike route) to the second turning point, in the so-called Natural Energy Lab , and from there back to Kona the same way. The destination is on Ali'i Drive .
All athletes must have finished the marathon by midnight at the latest. This leaves a total of 17 hours to cross the finish line. In addition to “drafting”, “blocking” and “littering”, z. For example, the acceptance of outside help, unfastened chinstraps on the helmets on the bike, unauthorized equipment (including MP3 players and cell phones) and missing start numbers on the running track or on the bike are punished by the race marshals.
history
The first all-around competitions from swimming, cycling and running in France have come down to us from the 1920s. The jogging wave in the mid-1970s led to similar all-round competitions in southern California , where the term triathlon was used for the first time , although there are no known connections to the French events.
1972 to 1975 - Prehistory in San Diego
Because of the Mission Bay lagoon in the middle of San Diego , the combination of swimming and running on the beach had become popular as an endurance sport, and competitions were held in the modern biathlon (the American name for "biathle"). The Dave Pain Birthday Biathlon has been one such small amateur competition since 1972, with the disciplines of 4.5 miles (7.242 km) running and a quarter mile (402 m) swimming.
Jack Johnstone, who was in his mid-thirties and former competitive swimmer, took part in 1973 and 1974 and then wanted to host a biathle himself. He came into contact with Don Shanahan through the “San Diego Track Club” running club, who had similar thoughts and suggested the integration of a bike race. Johnstone was skeptical because like most Americans he didn't own a bike, but accepted the suggestion and organized the first Mission Bay Triathlon together with Shanahan . Allegedly, the sign maker who was supposed to make the trophies asked Johnstone for the correct spelling of the term "triathlon", which at that time could not be found in any dictionary.
In the late afternoon of September 25, 1974, the first Mission Bay Triathlon started . 46 participants took to the start of the 6 miles (9.656 km) run, 5 miles (8.047 km) bike ride and 500 yards (457 m) swim. Because of the twilight, car headlights on the beach illuminated the last few meters of the swim course. The winner was Bill Phillips after 55:44 minutes. Johnstone himself finished sixth, Shanahan did not take part due to an injury and took over the direction of the race. The finishers also included seven members of the Coronado Navy Swim Association (CNSA), including Commander John Collins with his wife Judy and their children Michael and Kristin.
A good nine months later, Stan Antrim, trainer of the CNSA, organized the Optimist Sports Fiesta Triathlon together with Bob Weaver , in which, however, cycling was chosen as the opening discipline. Here, too, the Collins were involved, who, after being transferred to Hawaii in 1978, co-founded the Ironman .
1977 to 1981 - beginnings on Oahu and naming
1977
In February 1977 in Pearl City during the awards ceremony for the Oahu Perimeter Relay , a running competition for teams of five athletes, participants from the “Mid-Pacific Road Runners” and the “Waikiki Swim Club” once again discussed whether swimmers or runners were the fitter athletes be. John Collins suggested three already on O'ahu to combine existing race:
- The Waikiki Roughwater Swim (2.4 miles / 3.86 km),
- the Around-Oahu Bike Race "Ride around the Island" (115 miles, originally a two-day race) and
- the Honolulu Marathon (26.2 miles / 42.195 km).
By shortening the race by three miles, it became possible to start the bike race at the swimming destination and finish it at the Aloha Tower , the traditional marathon start . According to a story, the name is based on Collins' comment in the founding group:
"Whoever finishes first, we'll call him the Iron Man."
"Whoever finishes first, we will call him the man of iron."
1978
In the early morning of February 18, 1978, 15 men started the event, which was expressly declared a personal challenge and not a sporting competition. Judy Collins had to withdraw her plan to participate at short notice. Each participant had to organize a personal support team including an individual accompanying paddler on the swimming course, accompanying cars on the bike course and food on the bike and running course, a rule that was also maintained at the two following events. Twelve participants reached the goal. John Dunbar, former SEALs soldier and student at the University of Honolulu , took the lead twelve minutes ahead of Gordon Haller , a fitness enthusiast and marathon runner from Honolulu . Haller managed to catch up with Dunbar several times. Finally he passed him and became the first "Ironman" in 11 hours, 46 minutes and 58 seconds.
1979
Word of mouth was enough for 50 athletes to register the following year. Due to bad weather, the event had to be postponed by one day to Sunday, so that, as in the previous year, only 15 participants dared the adventure. A new edition of the duel between last year's winner Gordon Haller and John Dunbar was expected. After Haller - left alone by his companion paddler after 40 minutes, who were frightened in the troubled sea - only finished the first discipline after 112 minutes due to his disoriented zigzag course and John Dunbar in the gusts of wind on the bike course again over 30 minutes on the then 28 -year-old Tom Warren from San Diego lost, he could win safely in 11:15:56 hours. Lyn Lemaire , championship cyclist from Boston , was even in second place after the bike course, she was sixth overall and first “Ironwoman”. Journalist Barry McDermott found out about the race, and Sports Illustrated published its ten-page report three months later . Peter Read Miller contributed the photos for the article. Collins' original plan to add a relay competition to the race to make it easier to recruit supporters was made redundant by the high response to the article.
1980
As a result, John Collins was contacted by hundreds of interested people. But since he could not organize the competition any further, he and his wife Judy approached a couple who were friends, Valerie Silk and Hank Grundman. Already at the second event, the two John and Judy Collins provided organizational support and helpers, so the official name of the event since 1979, after the Grundmans fitness chain, has been “Nautilus International Triathlon”.
The only conditions that Collins set were that he would be granted free starting rights at any time and the promise to always have a few starting places available for the common man in addition to the elite starters , because these individualists would have created the race.
Collins was contacted by ABC , who were interested in making a TV report about the event. Collins agreed on the condition that it would not incur any costs. He warned the editors, however, that in his opinion the event was "about as exciting as watching the lawn grow" and then heard nothing more from ABC. In the end, a camera team really did travel to Honolulu. His contribution, which was then shown on the Broad World of Sports program on March 23, raised awareness of the race again. Based on the experience of the previous year, the swim start was moved from San Souci Beach by approx. 5 km to Ala Moana Beach in Honolulu, here an offshore reef ensures less rough seas. 95 athletes out of 108 starters reached the finish. In 9:24:33 hours, US athlete Dave Scott won for the first time , who then had a decisive influence on the race as a series winner, later together with his compatriot Mark Allen , for a decade and a half.
1981 to 1989 - a myth emerges
1981
The increased interest in participants due to media attention and the traffic problems in the city of Honolulu prompted organizer Valerie Silk to look for a more suitable venue: In 1981, she moved the event from Oʻahu to the lava fields of the less densely populated Big Island. At the same time, not every athlete had their own personal support crew, who took care of catering and took care of organizing: Organizer Valerie Silk recruited 950 volunteers , almost three times as many as participants.
From now on it was no longer permissible to accept outside help. Joseph Kasbohm was the first participant in the history of the event to run the final marathon in under three hours in 2:59:48 hours.
The 73-year-old Walt Stack set the longest finisher time of all time in 26:20 hrs - from the following year a finish line was set in the tender. The ABC again showed a television report from the event, which has now grown to 326 starters and thousands of spectators lined the start and finish area. At the time, the regulations included that the participants on the bike and running course had themselves weighed at four different refreshment stations: in order to prevent damage to health, participants should be removed from the race if they lost more than ten percent of their registered weight before the competition become. It was astonishing how many athletes weighed more than before after several hours of competition: Some participants had used saunas and similar tricks to ensure that they did not weigh too much during the “weigh-in” three days before the competition.
February 1982
On February 6, 1982, the last edition took place in the spring. Valerie Silk took care of the event on her own. The fitness chain was removed from the event name, Valerie Silk had Ironman protected as a trademark as well as Ironman World Triathlon , under which she has since advertised “her” triathlon . Silk was able to win Budweiser as title sponsor with its newly launched Bud Light for 15,000 US dollars. The M-Dot symbol, the Ironman lettering in capital letters with a point above the 'M', was used for the first time: a logo that Valerie Silk had a graphic designer designed for 75 US dollars and which became a trademark. ABC's TV report from February 1982 became famous: Julie Moss , who was in the lead among women, collapsed shortly before the finish line due to dehydration and Kathleen McCartney won. Moss finally got up and crawled across the finish line on all fours as the second woman.
In the previous two years, ABC had always taken a few months to prepare its film material, this time the report was broadcast two weeks after the race, and Moss and McCartney were even studio guests of Jim McKay . This Broad World of Sports program became the one with the highest ratings in 1982, and the audience response was so high that it was even repeated several times.
Without Moss' dramatic finish, the Ironman might even have been the last in spring 1982: the film agency “Freewheelin Films”, through which the contact to Budweiser came about, had even traveled to Kona with a camera team - without the one with exclusive rights equipped ABC team to vote beforehand - and in addition to the ABC team shot a report of their own with Bruce Dern as the commentator. While Moss was crawling across the finish line, ABC confronted Silk with production errors that it saw as the fault of the other film team and threatened to claim damages - which would have overburdened Silk financially at the time. As it was, Moss' moment of global fame gave Silk the leverage to sign a three-year contract with ABC that brought her $ 100,000 annually.
A summary of the ABC report shown in the ZDF sports report has now made the event known to a broad television audience in Germany as well. The first triathlon events were soon organized in Germany, including in Essen, Kehl and Immenstadt. The daily newspaper later wrote "The stumbling Julie Moss became a symbol of a sport that more than any other physical exercise before her forces people to their limits - and sometimes beyond." The moving images motivated Mark Allen, later six-time winner here from 1989 to 1995, to take part in the fall for the first time. In the following year he took third place.
October 1982
Ironman Hawaii has started in autumn since October 9, 1982. The reasons for the relocation were on the one hand to avoid the spring storms, on the other hand to allow so many athletes living in northern latitudes better training options in summer due to the weather. The Saturday in October next to the full moon was chosen for the first twenty years to make it easier for the athletes to orientate themselves after sunset at 6:00 p.m. With the - actually passionate show jumper - Manuel Debus from Nuremberg and his friend Detlef Kühnel from Roth , two Germans also wanted to take part. Finally, Valerie Silk decided to allow participants from outside the USA to take part for the first time and sent both of them registration forms.
There was (still) no sporting umbrella organization that would have wanted to have a say in the use of the word “ World Championship ” in the sense of fairness among the organizers - so Valerie Silk had the United States Patent and Trademark Office protect the term Ironman Triathlon World Championship as a trademark - that was the name of the Ironman Hawaii later in the results lists. Debus crossed the finish line as 331st after 12:42:19 h, Kühnel after 14:48:16 h as 623. After 12:57:11 h the Swiss René Friedli came in. On July 23, 1983 he held the 1st place with the 1st Swiss Triathlon in Zurich, the second European long distance triathlon after the Triathlon International de Nice on November 20, 1982.
1983
Before Julie Moss' spectacular finish in the USA there had already been over a hundred triathlon events over a wide variety of distances, the number has now grown suddenly, Bud Light sponsored eleven of them in 1983 alone, and the winner waved to a start at the Ironman in Kailua-Kona. There were also free riders: Lynn Van Dove wanted to start the Canadian International Ironman Triathlon Championship on June 20, 1983 in Penticton , Canada - Valerie Silk got wind of this and made sure that van Dove renamed her event at short notice. The two women remained in contact and four years later van Dove became a license partner of Valerie Silk. There were many innovations at Ironman Hawaii in 1983: Valerie Silk introduced the Ironman Lottery based on the idea of John Collins to give everyone a chance to participate in Ironman Hawaii. 320 starting places were allocated in this way in 1983, but initially exclusively for participants from the USA. The vast majority of the athletes had to qualify in sports from 1983. There were various options for providing evidence: Anyone who was among the first 50% of the two events in 1982, who had top placements in special qualifying races in the USA or who could demonstrate corresponding individual achievements in swimming, cycling or marathon races could register. Valerie Silk justified this step in the first edition of the Californian magazine Triathlon from the spring of 1983 with the fact that she would receive 5000 registrations for the event, but could only allow 1000 participants. At the last event on October 9, 1982, there were already 775 finishers, including 50 women.
On the posters, the event was now called the Ironman Triathlon World Championship for the first time . In 1983, cut-off times were introduced for the first time: anyone who did not finish swimming after 2 hours or cycling later than 10½ hours after the starting gun was not allowed to continue the race, the finish time was shortened to 17 hours. Dave Scott was able to repeat his 1980 victory in a tough fight against last year's winner Scott Tinley with a 32-second lead. 710 men and 115 women crossed the finish line. In the end, Valerie Silk had to send about a thousand participants who were willing to start, and the first participant was disqualified for drafting on the bike course . But dark sides also came to light: one hundred athletes were fighting with flat tires - strangers had thrown thumbtacks. Kona businessmen offered a reward for clues about the perpetrators. Valerie Silk sold a 49% stake in her company "Hawaiian Triathlon Corporation" to attorney Don Carlsmith from Honolulu as a silent partner for $ 145,000 in order to be able to pay off her ex-husband's stake in the company.
1984
In 1984 they contacted Timex , who not only wanted to act as a sponsor, but also secured the right to use the Ironman logo on their watches from 1986 onwards. Timex later had sixty different versions of watches in its range, even the US President wore such a watch, of which between 500,000 and a million copies were sold annually and which is now on display in the National Museum of American History . The Czech Vaclav Vitovec was the first participant from the Eastern Bloc, of all times, in the year in which the Warsaw Pact states boycotted the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Dave Scott won for the fourth time in his fifth participation - almost 25 minutes ahead of second-placed Scott Tinley - and declared that this was his last Ironman. Karlheinz Morath, a cross-country skier from the Black Forest, and the twenty-four-year-old Hannes Blaschke from Immenstadt were best Germans in thirteenth and fourteen respectively. In 13:19:20 h, Hanni Zehendner - then reigning German champion - finished the first German woman at the Ironman Hawaii. Also among the finishers was the Heigenbrück dentist Joachim Fischer, who became the founding president of the German Triathlon Union the following year . From 1984 Valerie Silk acted as CEO of her company Hawaiian Triathlon Corporation and appointed Kay Rhead, who lives in Kona, as race director.
1985
With increased interest outside the US, Valerie Silk started looking for possible qualifying races. On March 24, 1985, the " Double Brown Ironman New Zealand" was held in Mission Bay, a suburb of Auckland - initially over the distances of 2 miles (3.2 km) swimming, 100 miles (161 km) cycling and 20 miles (32 , 2 km) running - the first race outside the USA held under license by Valerie Silk, the second qualifier outside the USA started on June 30 of the same year on the Japan Long Distance Triathlon at Lake Biwa .
1985 was another turning point in its history as the last Ironman Hawaii with no prize money for the first place finishers. Valerie Silk was adamant that any additional funds would, without exception, be used to improve the quality of the competition. Dave Scott had already said after his victory in 1984 that this could lead to the Ironman Hawaii losing its top athletes, and together with the then stars Mark Allen, Scott Molina , Scott Tinley, Rob Barel and others , he boycotted the Ironman in 1985 Hawaii. The Triathlon International de Nice , initiated by Mark McCormack in 1982 , not only attracted triathlon celebrities with 75,000 US dollars in prize money in 1985, it was scheduled just three weeks before Hawaii. Only Scott Tinley decided to make a double start at short notice and was able to repeat his undisputed victory of 1982 in the absence of well-known competition. Carl Kupferschmid from Arosa and Hannes Blaschke from Allgäu , who two years later founded a travel agency in the context of the Ironman Hawaii, took advantage of the stars' absence and finished third and fourth respectively. Klaus Barth, who was a breaststroke member of the German Olympic team in 1968 and has since moved to Long Beach, came in eighth.
In 1985, Paula Newby-Fraser from Zimbabwe made it to the women's podium for the first time . She was third in 10:31:04 h - and in the following decade and a half she became the dominant figure among women: until 1996 she took part twelve times in a row and won eight times.
1986
Marvel Comics tried since 1983 to assert its rights with reference to their comic figure "Iron Man" published since 1963. After Valerie Silk had already registered the trademark rights for the word and image mark "Ironman", it was agreed after some time that Silk would in future only use the term "Ironman" together with "Triathlon". In August 1986, the Canadian Ultra Distance Triathlon , initiated in 1983 in Penticton, became Ironman Canada's third license partner outside the USA.
In 1986, the first prize money at the Ironman Hawaii was distributed, with an anonymous donor donated 100,000 US dollars. Dave Scott revoked his resignation announced two years earlier and improved the record set in his absence by Tinley the previous year to a brilliant 8:28:37 h. Behind Mark Allen and Scott Tinley, Klaus Barth was the best German in fourth place. The Canadian Patricia Puntous , who was second in 1983 and 1984, was the first woman to cross the finish line, but was disqualified for drafting. The winner was the only 24-year-old Paula Newby-Fraser, ahead of her twin sister Sylviane Puntous , who was the first woman to stay below the ten-hour limit in the new record time of 9:49:14 h.
1987
On June 20, 1987, Valerie Silk was among 50,000 spectators at the European Championships in Middle Franconia , the newspapers then wrote of “standing ovations” that she had donated to organizer Detlef Kühnel - who competed in Hawaii in 1982 and 1983. From 1988 Kühnel became Valerie Silk's fourth license partner outside the USA with Ironman Europe . The prize money at the Ironman Hawaii was increased to 150,000 US dollars in 1987, the starting place contingent from 1000 to 1500, and the entry fee, which had been 100 US dollars for the last five years, was increased by 50%. Wolfgang Dittrich from Neuss was the first athlete to come out of the water. Mark Allen later took the lead, with 16 kilometers to go, he was 4½ minutes ahead of Dave Scott, then he collapsed and Dave Scott took his sixth and last win in Hawaii. Martin Engelhardt , who had just taken over the leadership of the DTU from Joachim Fischer , came in 748 in 12:38:59 h .
1988
Kay Rhead, Race Director since 1984, died in January 1988, Debbie Baker was named her successor by Valerie Silk. The Tooheys Great Lakes International Triathlon in Forster, initiated in 1985, became Ironman Australia, the fifth qualifying race outside the USA. In the USA at that time there was still the possibility to prove his qualification times in addition to his participation in other Ironman races via times from individual swimming, cycling or marathon races. A first attempt by Valerie Silks to find a buyer for Ironman Hawaii ended in court.
Dave Scott canceled his participation the night before the competition due to knee problems, Mark Allen was thrown back with technical problems on the bike course. Ironically, Scott Molina , who caused an uproar in Nice with a positive test for steroids , celebrated his first and only victory in Hawaii. “German Rambo” Dirk Aschmoneit was the best German in seventh place. Paula Newby-Fraser undercut her own course record on the bike course by 25 minutes and with a total time of 9:01:01 h made it clear that the nine-hour mark - which was only broken by a man in the eighth edition - was also clear - should also be crackable for women.
1989
This time, Wolfgang Dittrich even led the 1989 race up to the marathon. It came to the legendary "Iron War", an eight-hour head-to-head race between Dave Scott and Mark Allen. Scott had won six times in the last nine years, but Mark Allen was able to relegate Dave Scott to second place for the first time in his sixth attempt: Although he achieved an incredible personal best in 8:10:13 h, Allen won with a 58-second lead which he was able to work out in the end on a slight increase in the new record time of 8:09:15 h. Both the running time of Mark Allen (2:40:04 h) and that of Dave Scott (2:41:03 h) represented the fastest runtimes at Ironman Hawaii for the next 27 years (it was not until 2016 that Patrick Lange undercut with 2: 39:45 h Allen's time was 19 seconds). Jürgen Zäck was seventh at his first start on Hawaii, Wolfgang Dittrich tenth, Dirk Aschmoneit nineteenth.
1990 to 1997 - internationalization
1990
In 1990 Valerie Silk sold her company Hawaii Triathlon Corporation, including the rights to the Ironman and Ironman Triathlon World Championship brands, to James Pitzer Gills for $ 3 million. Up to this point in time, Silk had built up a network of twenty-one qualification competitions in the USA alone, plus there were five license partners outside the USA, the lottery and partners such as B. Timex, who paid to use the logo . The 950 volunteers in 1981 had grown to 3,500. Gills renamed the company World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) and, supported by Lew Friedland, expanded the brand's business in the years to come. Every year new qualifiers were added around the world, the Ironman logo was emblazoned on clothing, sunglasses, scales and the like. v. m.
Mark Allen achieved his second victory in Kailua-Kona in the absence of injured Dave Scott, while Erin Baker was fastest woman for the second time. Jürgen Zäck was again the fastest German in eighth place. Dirk Aschmoneit was thirteenth, Wolfgang Dittrich - again the fastest swimmer - eighteenth. Since 1990, the running route no longer runs through the airport, but through the turning point at the Natural Energy Lab.
1991
Mark Allen celebrated his third win in a row, Paula Newby-Fraser triumphed this time over Erin Baker and won for the fourth time. Wolfgang Dittrich was again the first to get out of the water and was able to defend his lead again on the running track, this time he was the best German in fifth place. After ten years of working with ABC, NBC became a new media partner, and coverage of Ironman Hawaii doubled to 90 minutes. Gatorade replaced Bud-Light as the title sponsor.
1992
Paula Newby-Fraser was the first woman to undercut the nine-hour limit at the Ironman Hawaii and set a record time of 8:55:28 h for women that could not be undercut until 2009. Wolfgang Dittrich was the first to get out of the water again, but was overtaken on the bike by Jürgen Zäck - who set a new course record on the bike course - and this time switched to the running course as second. Ultimately, Dittrich and Zäck took fourth and fifth place. Mark Allen won after a duel with the Chilean Christian Bustos on the running track in a new course record with 8:09:08 h. Sharron Ackles became the new Race Director.
In 1992 David Yates became CEO of the WTC, disputes between the commercial WTC and the International Triathlon Union (ITU), which was founded in 1989 as a non-profit organization , began. In most states, state funding for competitive sports is primarily paid for Olympic sports.At this point in time, triathlon was only a candidate for inclusion in the Olympic competition program, and the ITU feared that the WTC for the Ironman Hawaii would not have agreed with the associations use the term Ironman Triathlon World Championship to worsen their chances because the IOC gives the impression of a lack of organization within the young sport. ITU President Les McDonald proposed to draw up a contract according to which the Ironman Hawaii should also officially be considered the world championship for the next ten years, so that all organizers can then apply to host world championships within their triathlon competitions - Yates rejected any Co-determination from: "We were there first". On June 4, 1992, the second qualifier in Europe started with the Ironman Lanzarote in Playa Blanca and from the following year in Puerto del Carmen .
1993
The same picture presented itself for the fifth time in a row: Wolfgang Dittrich was the first athlete to switch from the swim to the bike course, Mark Allen overtook as the race continued and crossed the finish line as the winner. What was new in 1993 was that Wolfgang Dittrich, apart from Allen, only let the Finn Pauli Kiuru pass by and finished third in around 8:20:13. For the first time, a German came on the podium. Jürgen Zäck broke his own record on the bike course in 4:27:42 h and ended up fifth. With Holger Lorenz in eighth place and Olaf Sabatschus in tenth place, two more German men made it into the top ten, Lothar Leder was fourteenth. Paula Newby-Frazer won for the sixth time and set the 17-year-old course record for women on the bike course in 4:48:30 h. The fastest German woman was - at her first start in Hawaii - Ute Mückel in twelfth place.
1994
In the absence of Wolfgang Dittrich and Mark Allen, Jürgen Zäck was able to take the lead a few seconds behind Ken Glah on the running track, but ultimately had to beat Australian Greg Welch , who became the first non-US-American in 8:20:27 h won, as well as Dave Scott, who in second place at the age of 40 set a best time in the senior class M40 in 8:24:32 , and Jeff Devlin bow. Behind Zäck in fourth place, the 23-year-old Olaf Sabatschus and Lothar Leder initiated further German top results in fifth and sixth place. Four other Germans followed in places twelve to sixteen. The fastest German woman was again Ute Mückel in sixth place. Sabine Westhoff was eighth and Ines Estedt ninth. With Jon Franks, a wheelchair user took part for the first time. Among the spectators was Kurt Denk, a tour operator from Hesse, who started organizing trips for German-speaking athletes to Ironman Hawaii in the following year, and who in 2002 launched Ironman Germany in Frankfurt.
1995
The 1995 Ironman Hawaii women's competition ended in an exciting final, tragic for Paula Newby-Fraser: Long in the lead , she collapsed just 400 meters from the finish and, dragging herself over 20 minutes after the winner, missed the finish line in fourth place only time the winner's podium. The fastest German woman was Ute Mückel again in seventh place, Katja Mayer was fourteenth. After 46:44 minutes, Lars Jorgensen (USA) was the first to leave the Pacific, setting the best swimming time that was valid until 2017. On the bike course, the twenty-four year old Thomas Hellriegel stormed past the favorites with a new bike record on his first start in Hawaii. With five kilometers to go, however, he had to let Mark Allen pass. Allen was thirteen minutes behind when he switched to the running track, but was finally able to celebrate his sixth and final title. Rainer Müller-Hörner , also at the start for the first time, came third. Jürgen Zäck and Lothar Leder took seventh and eighth place. A total of nine German men were among the top twenty-one at the finish. Gatorade was the last title sponsor of the Ironman Hawaii. The conflict with the ITU escalated, the ITU threatened to ban athletes who start at the Ironman Hawaii with its "self-proclaimed world championships" from all ITU races and asked the American Association USA Triathlon (USAT) to refuse the Ironman Hawaii approval .
1996
Thomas Hellriegel - top favorite after Mark Allen's resignation - put pressure on the bike again and beat his bike record from the previous year in 4:24:50 h - a best time that was then held for nine years. The Belgian Luc Van Lierde , as reigning vice world champion in both the short and long distance with a wildcard at the start of an Ironman for the first time, kept up the pace, but had to serve a three-minute time penalty in the transition area. Hellriegel increased his lead to 4:40 minutes, but van Lierde came up again and ultimately overtook Hellriegel at the same point as Mark Allen last year. Van Lierde was the first European to win the Ironman Hawaii, 110 seconds ahead of Hellriegel. This was the first time that a “rookie” won in Kailua-Kona who had never competed in Hawaii. Van Lierde increased the course record for the next 15 years to 8:04:08 h. Alexander Taubert came in sixth. In the women’s category, Paula Newby-Fraser won for the eighth and last time in 9:06:49 h. Before her, however - while she was serving a three-minute time penalty - her future successor, Natascha Badmann from Switzerland, switched to the running track in the lead. Ute Mückel became the fifth woman and thus achieved the best placement for a German woman in Hawaii to date. The Swiss Bettina Ernst - 1984 Olympic athlete in gymnastics - finished eighteenth. Katja Mayer , Katja Schumacher and Heike Funk finished nineteen, twenty-one and twenty-two. In Zurich, in the meanwhile third European qualifier, 40 Hawaii starting places were awarded for the first time - but in 1996 still under the name “ Euroman ”.
1997
The year of the German athletes: Thomas Hellriegel (8:33:01 h), Jürgen Zäck (8:39:18 h) and Lothar Leder (8:40:30 h) took the men's podium in the absence of Luc van Lierde. This was the first time that three athletes from a single foreign country took all podiums. With Holger Lorenz and Alex Taubert in eighth and ninth place, half of the top ten came from Germany, and within a little more than half an hour after the winner, seven other German men followed in 15th to 23rd place.
In the end, Canadian Heather Fuhr coped best with the heat and won 15 minutes faster than any of the other top 5 women with a marathon time. From a German-speaking perspective, the women’s race was less successful: Ute Mückel was the first woman to break the water with a new course record on the swimming course after 49:57 minutes, but had to break off an Ironman on the running course for the first time. Natascha Badmann and Paula Newby-Fraser also paid tribute to the climatic conditions, which made for the slowest finisher times of the decade with extremely high temperatures, a cloudless sky and strong wind, and broke off their races on the bike and running tracks. The fastest German woman was Katja Mayer in 19th place, Katja Schumacher also did not finish this time.
On May 15, 1998, the WTC, USAT and ITU reached a settlement : the WTC was entitled to use its registered trademark Ironman Triathlon World Championship , without the WTC claiming to do so in the sense of a world championship regulated by a sporting umbrella organization consider. In return, the ITU undertook to allow drafting only in elite and junior races, but not in competitions with ratings in the age groups. Lew Friedland replaced David Yates as CEO of the WTC.
1998 to 2013 - 20 years later
1998
In 1998 it looked like a repeat of last year's German success: Jürgen Zäck was the first to switch to the running track shortly before last year's winner, Thomas Hellriegel, in a race that was accompanied by extreme storms - despite a flat tire at 90 km. With stomach cramps, the last twelve kilometers turned into a hike for Zäck, who finally crossed the finish line in 246th place spitting blood. Peter Reid from Canada won ahead of Luc van Lierde, Lothar Leder was able to repeat his third place with the fastest marathon of the race ahead of the Swiss Christoph Mauch . Thomas Hellriegel and Rainer Müller-Hörner finished eighth and ninth. After 46:41 minutes, Lars Jorgensen (USA) was the first to leave the Pacific, but as he ended the race prematurely (DNF), this time was not recognized as an improvement on his swimming course record. Natascha Badmann achieved her first of a total of six wins at the Ironman Hawaii (2000 to 2002, 2004 and 2005). After five subsequently less successful participations, some with crashes and abandoned races, in 2012 - at the age of 45 - in 9:26:25 h she once again achieved an excellent sixth place and a best time in the senior class W45. Defending champion Heather Fuhr broke the track record on the running track that had existed since 1990 in 3:04:02 hours. Katja Schumacher was the fastest German woman in twelfth place. At the twentieth anniversary, the initiator of the premiere, John Collins, was again among the finishers in 4:30:02 p.m., a total of six of the fifteen starters of the premiere event were among the participants, seven more of the athletes from 1978 were on site.
1999
On August 5, 1999, Ironman USA started in Lake Placid, the first race over the Ironman distance with this brand name under license from the WTC on the mainland of the USA. In the USA, however, there was still the possibility of qualifying under different names and - with the exception of the "Vineman Triathlon" - over shorter distances such as. B. Saint Antony's Triathlon, Wildflower Triathlon, Gulf Coast Triathlon, Blackwater EagleMan, etc. a. as well as a middle distance in May in Kailua-Kona. The fourth European qualifier started in Klagenfurt . In the lottery, which has existed since 1983, there are 150 starting places for participants from the USA as well as 50 places for participants outside the USA for the first time.
In 1999 Lothar Leder, while in the lead, was the victim of a controversial disqualification: he was accused of having used the slipstream of a press vehicle. Luc van Lierde repeated his victory in 1996. The Swiss Christoph Mauch and Olivier Bernhard finished fourth and fifth. The best German in sixth place was in the absence of Jürgen Zäck, who had to drop out due to a herniated disc, the 1997 winner, Thomas Hellriegel. Six German men were represented in the top 20. The fastest German woman was again Katja Schumacher in fifteenth. Jodi Jackson (USA) set the current course record on the swim course in 48:43 minutes.
2000
Peter Reid was able to repeat his 1998 victory. In 2000, Luc van Lierde, winner in 1996 and 1999 and runner-up in 1998, caused a sensation with his cancellation only two days before the competition. Possible connections with the tightened doping controls previously announced by the WTC caused the rumor mill to simmer. At his subsequent starts in Hawaii in 2001 and 2003, van Lierde broke off the race, only in 2007 he started again and finished seventh. The start of professional cyclist Udo Bölts , who was believed to pulverize the course record on the bike course , also attracted a lot of attention. Bölts, however, dosed his forces with care and finally finished in 10:02:41 h as 168. With Normann Stadler, Lothar Leder and Thomas Hellriegel, three Germans came in third, fourth and fifth. Nicole Leder finished fourteenth, one place ahead of Ute Mückel. For the first time, the WTC showed the Ironman Hawaii as a live stream on its website.
2001
Despite a three-minute time penalty, Tim DeBoom, who was second in the previous year, won the victory for the first time since Mark Allen's last success in 1995, and Thomas Hellriegel finished third on the podium for the fourth time. With Normann Stadler, who was in the lead from 80 to 160 kilometers, in fourth place, Lothar Leder in fifth and Andreas Niederig in seventh, four Germans were in the top ten, the Swiss Christoph Mauch was tenth. Also third was Nina Kraft from Brunswick, who even ran 120 km on the bike and was the first German woman in the history of the Ironman Hawaii to be on the podium. Dave Scott started again at the Ironman Hawaii, but got out on the bike course. Peter Reid, Jürgen Zäck, Stefan Riesen , Katja Schumacher and Luc van Lierde also stopped the race. The switch from cycling to running has been moved to the old airport, and the cycling and running routes have also been changed and since then have had an additional loop through Kona so that on-site spectators can see the athletes more often.
2002
In 2002 Tim DeBoom was only the third man to defend his title in untypical Hawaiian weather with rain in the morning when he started his bike. Thomas Hellriegel was still in the lead up to halfway through the run, and ultimately came fourth. With Alex Taubert in fifth, Markus Forster in seventh and Olaf Sabatschus in tenth, four Germans were again in the top ten. Behind Natascha Badmann, who already celebrated her fourth title, Nina Kraft came second this time. The Austrian Kate Allen was seventh woman, the Swiss Karin Thürig and Sibylle Matter eighth and ninth respectively. The total prize money had increased from US $ 325,000 to US $ 429,000, with DeBoom and Badmann each receiving US $ 100,000. Diana Bertsch replaced Sharron Ackles as Race Director.
2003
In 2003, Peter Reid and Lori Bowden were the first couple to celebrate a double victory at the Ironman Hawaii. For the first time, the men's and women's titles went to participants from the same country, but a different country than the USA. Reid was the first man after Dave Scott and Mark Allen to win three times in Hawaii. Bowden only secured her title with a furious marathon run ahead of Natascha Badmann and Nina Kraft, who finished second and third in a head-to-head race eight seconds behind. On the bike course, the leading Nina Kraft had previously been thrown back by a controversial three-minute time penalty for drafting. After eight kilometers, Kraft took the lead again, but was overtaken by Bowden after 15 km. Karin Thürig came in sixth. For a long time even a German one-two seemed possible: Normann Stadler was in the lead up to kilometer 20 on the running track and finally missed the podium by just 45 seconds. Jürgen Zäck and Faris Al-Sultan took sixth and seventh place. In eleventh place, Thomas Hellriegel did not make it into the top ten for the first time, and with it the money rush. A total of nine German men were among the top twenty-two at the finish line, Jan Sibbersen was “First out of Water” with a new course record . Chris McCormack, who switched to the Ironman distance as short distance world champion in 1997 and then leader in the world rankings for 26 months last year, did not stop this time and crossed the finish line in 114th place. The second transition area was relocated to the Kinkamehameha Beach Hotel. In 2003, the WTC introduced a new slipstream rule for professional triathletes, the “stagger rule” - it allowed them to drive one behind the other, but with a two-meter distance to the side.
2004
In 2004, after a terrific escape on the bike course, Normann Stadler moved to the running track with a 20-minute lead and was the second German to celebrate victory in Hawaii. Behind Stadler, Faris Al-Sultan and Alexander Taubert were in second and third place for a long time, but then had to let last year's winner and later runner-up Peter Reid pass. The second fastest bike time was achieved by ex-professional cyclist Kai Hundertmarck , who crossed the finish line as the fastest amateur in 16th place overall. Nina Kraft was the first woman to cross the finish line - despite a four-minute time penalty for drafting - with a lead of over 26 minutes over Natascha Badmann, but three weeks later she admitted doping with Epo , and in addition to returning the prize money, she had to serve a two-year ban.
The best German women were Tina Walter from Urbach and Nicole Leder from Darmstadt in ninth and tenth place. Chris McCormack got out of the running track again. Overall, more than a quarter of the professionals, including Thomas Hellriegel, stopped the race this year, 154 starters did not finish. The American Christian Dadowski caused a sensation. After a collision with a referee he carried his damaged bike 12 km on his shoulders and crossed the finish line after 16:09:48 h. Both transition areas were back on the pier. The “stagger rule” introduced in the previous year no longer applied, but the WTC reduced the minimum distance to the athlete ahead on the bike route from ten to seven meters. The time penalty was now four instead of three minutes.
2005
Ben Fertic had replaced Lew Friedland as CEO of the WTC, and the conflict with the ITU broke out again: The WTC not only retained the reduction in the drafting rule from 10 m to 7 m introduced in the previous year in 2005, it has now also resigned own set of rules deviating from that of the USAT. The ITU then decided - also because of the lack of recognition of the anti-doping regulations of the WADA at the Ironman Hawaii - not to approve any more triathlon events of the WTC worldwide.
In 2005, the then 27-year-old Faris Al-Sultan from Munich won the third German with a clear lead and crossed the finish line in 8:14:17 h - the fourth fastest time in Hawaii up to that point - with a Bavarian flag . Al-Sultan came out of the water in third place and quickly took the lead, but was overtaken after 160 km by Torbjørn Sindballe , who beat Thomas Hellriegel's nine-year-old fastest bike time with 4:21:36. On the running track, Al-Sultan quickly took the lead again. Defending champion Normann Stadler retired after two bike breakdowns with tears. The Olympic runner-up in Sydney 2000, Stephan Vuckovic from Reutlingen, was tenth. Chris McCormack finished sixth in the top ten for the first time in 8:23:52.
Natascha Badmann won the women’s sixth and last time with a time of 9:09:30 h. Kate Allen, Olympic champion from Athens 2004, became fifth woman, Katja Schumacher from Heidelberg came sixth. With Ford , Ironman Hawaii had a title sponsor for the first time since 1995, and the prize money had been increased to US $ 580,000.
2006
After an agreement was reached in March with the umbrella organization "USA Triathlon" regarding permits, the WTC turned to the International Court of Justice about the ITU sanctions to clarify whether they are referring to their trademarks that were registered before the ITU was founded Ironman Frankfurt can now name the “Ironman European Championship” and the triathlon in Clearwater “Ironman 70.3 World Championship”. In April 2006 the CAS lifted the sanctions of the ITU with reference to the contracts that had existed since 1998, in which the ITU granted the WTC the right to use its trademarks, without the WTC thereby claiming World or European Championships in the sense of one of to organize a regulated competition for a sporting umbrella organization. The WTC retained the drafting rule, which was reduced to 7 m, in 2006 and in the following years, although it itself determined that even a participant driving 10 m away from the athlete in front would still need around 10 to 15 watts less power. Until 2014, the drafting rule at Ironman Hawaii was reduced to 7 m, it wasn't until 2015 that the WTC raised the minimum distance to 10 m again.
The 2006 competition was almost canceled due to the earthquake a few days earlier. Normann Stadler repeated his triumph of 2004 with a time of 8:11:56 h, setting a new course record on the bike course in 4:18:23 h. Defending champion Faris Al-Sultan was third behind Chris McCormack . After the competition, both Stadler and Al-Sultan McCormack deliberately accused of illegal behavior, and that there was almost a fist. Like last year, Kate Allen crossed the finish line as the fifth woman, Natascha Badmann was tenth with stomach problems. The DTU took advantage of Stadler's victory by pointing out that Stadler, like Al-Sultan, was involved in their anti-doping system to increase the pressure on the WTC to sign the WADA anti-doping code .
2007
The WTC auctioned a handful of starting places for the Ironman Hawaii on eBay , each starting place raised more than 40,000 US dollars.
In 2007, Chrissie Wellington won for the first time in 9:08:45 h a woman from Great Britain and Northern Ireland and thus initiated the youngest winning streak of an athlete: She also won in 2008, 2009 and 2011. In these three years, Craig Alexander did it in the men together with Chris McCormack (2007 and 2010) and Pete Jacobs (2012), made Australia the leading men's nation at Ironman Hawaii for six years.
For German-speaking athletes, 2007 was the "sour cucumber year": For the first time since 1984, neither women nor men made the top ten athletes from Germany, Austria or Switzerland. Faris Al-Sultan canceled his start an hour before the race because of a gastrointestinal virus caught on site, Normann Stadler got out of the bike course with stomach problems, he had diarrhea the night before. Last year's winner Michellie Jones also fell victim to the nausea Nicole Leder felt while swimming on the bike course. Katja Schumacher was carried away by the ambulance lying in fourth place on the running track. Natascha Badmann suffered a serious accident after 20 km on the bike course. According to her own statements, she was pushed away by a motorcyclist and retired with various broken bones and torn tendons.
2008
Gills sold his company World Triathlon Corporation , which had meanwhile grown to 23 licensees over the full distance as well as numerous Ironman 70.3 and 51.50 competitions, to the investment company Providence and the company headquarters was relocated in Florida from Tarpon Springs to Tampa .
In 2008 the 30th anniversary was celebrated and the titles in this race went to Chrissie Wellington and the Australian Craig Alexander as in the previous year. In 2008, Sandra Wallenhorst was only the second German woman to take third place on the podium. Before her, Yvonne van Vlerken, who lives in Austria, came in second behind Chrissie Wellington for the first time a representative of the Netherlands was among the top three in Hawaii. Timo Bracht also ran in the medal ranks at times in the final marathon, but had to let go and crossed the finish line as the fifth man, but was then disqualified. He had received a warning with a time penalty on the bike course for disregarding the right-hand driving law, but did not stop at the next penalty box. The Swiss Ronnie Schildknecht and Mathias Hecht finished fourth and eighth. Normann Stadler started out on the running track while in the lead, but then fell back with thigh cramps and was one place behind Faris Al-Sultan twelfth. Chris McCormack got out on the bike course.
2009
The WTC introduced the “Ironman Executive Challenge” for top managers. Around 50% of the around 1000 participants in this category in selected qualification competitions ( Coeur d'Alene , Frankfurt , Lake Placid , Louisville and Arizona ) are CEOs or presidents of a company, 100 qualification places for the Ironman Hawaii are for this short "Ironman XC “Reserved category mentioned. In addition to the higher qualification opportunities, the members of the Ironman XC program receive high-quality accommodation, a VIP pass and escort service for accompanying relatives, a VIP breakfast with the professional triathletes, etc. in return for the significantly higher entry fees. a.
In 2009 Andreas Raelert from Rostock , Olympic participant from 2000 and 2004, started at the Ironman Hawaii for the first time. During the marathon he ran shoulder to shoulder with Peter Reid behind Chris Lieto for a while , but then had to let the eventual winner Reid go and came third ahead of Chris McCormack. Timo Bracht came in sixth. Faris Al-Sultan, who was still in the lead halfway through the bike course, finished tenth. Dirk Bockel came in seventh. Chrissie Wellington, who achieved the third victory in a row, improved Paula Newby-Frasers’s record, which had been in place since 1992, by 86 seconds in 8:54:02 hours. Only 22 men were faster than them. Sandra Wallenhorst was the fastest German woman in ninth place. Mirinda Carfrae improved the record for the marathon distance for women to 2:56:51 h.
For the last time, the top 10 male and female professionals automatically had the right to purchase a starting place for next year's Ironman Hawaii - from September 2010 a new qualification process called "Kona Pro Ranking" began that has been compelling professional triathletes ever since to participate in more WTC competitions.
2010
Memories of the "Iron War" of 1989 were awakened: Andreas Raelert got out of the water nine seconds ahead of Chris McCormack, but lost his lead in the transition area. 20 km before the end of the bike course, “Macca” picked up the pace, Raelert switched to the running course around 250 m behind. After approx. 15 km Macca, who at this point was about 2½ minutes behind Chris Lieto, had extended his lead over Raelert to around 650 m, with Craig Alexander and Marino Vanhoenacker between the two . At 35 km Raelert and Macca had taken the lead and walked shoulder to shoulder, alternating tempo increases to shake off each other were unsuccessful. Shortly before the last refreshment point, McCormack accelerated downhill on Palani Road and was able to pull away. In the end, he was 100 seconds ahead of Andreas Raelert at the finish. Timo Bracht was sixth, Dirk Bockel eighth, Faris Al Sultan tenth. In the women’s category, Mirinda Carfrae triumphed in the absence of Chrissie Wellington, who had not started because of a cold, the Swiss Caroline Steffen came second, Karin Thürig beat the bike course record that had been in place since 1993 in 4:48:22 h and came in sixth. Sandra Wallenhorst was disqualified on charges of having shortened the bike course.
2011
Craig Alexander continued the winning streak of Australian men and, with his winning time of 8:03:56 h, also undercut the old men's record set by Belgian Luc Van Lierde in 1996 by a full 12 seconds. With a laceration on the eye from a blow from a competitor while swimming, Andreas Raelert came within 2½ minutes of "Crowie" after half of the run, but then had to pay tribute to the high speed and even pass Pete Jacobs who was hurrying up from behind to let. In 8:11:07 h, his personal best time in Hawaii, Raelert was third ahead of Dirk Bockel and Timo Bracht, Swiss Mike Aigroz was sixth, Andreas Böcherer eighth and Faris Al-Sultan tenth.
In the women's category, Mirinda Carfrae, last year's winner, was not enough with her new course record on the running track to prevent Chrissie Wellington from her fourth victory in Kailua-Kona - even if only with a 109-second lead. Caroline Steffen and Karin Thürig were fifth and sixth, respectively, the best German woman was Sonja Tajsich in seventh.
2012
In February 2012, a WTC contract with Lance Armstrong caused a sensation: the seven-time Tour de France winner, who was suspected of doping , agreed, u. a. to start at Ironman Hawaii, in return the WTC guaranteed him 1 million US dollars. Following the USADA's official doping charge , WTC removed Armstrong from their start lists. Armstrong were subsequently stripped of all titles, he received a life ban.
Andreas Raelert, who started with his brother Michael for the first time in 2012 , unusually lost five minutes to the top while swimming and fought his way through to second place - but the winner was again an Australian this year with Pete Jacobs. Behind Belgian Frederik Van Lierde , Sebastian Kienle struggled in fourth place with himself at the finish line at his first start in Hawaii: while in the lead, he had lost a lot of time fixing a tire defect. With Faris Al-Sultan in fifth and Timo Bracht in sixth, four Germans made it into the top six, Dirk Bockel was tenth. Chris McCormack got off again on the bike course. In the women’s race, the British Leanda Cave won in 9:15:54 h, who caught the long leading Swiss Caroline Steffen on the last kilometers. Sonja Tajsich was fourth despite the tenth fastest marathon time of a woman in the history of the Ironman Hawaii and the only woman on that day under three hours only 64 seconds to the bronze medal. Natascha Badmann was sixth with the fastest bike time.
2013
Frederik Van Lierde managed to break through the six-year Australian winning streak in a race that he led cautiously, in which he always stayed in contact with the top, but never put himself in the limelight. On the way to the Natural Energy Lab van Lierde first collects Sebastian Kienle, then the Australian Luke McKenzie and ran towards victory in 8:12:29 h. McKenzie and Kienle, who hurried on the bike course together with Andrew Starykowicz with one of the fastest bike times in the history of Ironman Hawaii, finished second and third respectively. Timo Bracht and Faris Al-Sultan finished ninth and tenth respectively. Mirinda Carfrae won the Ironman Hawaii for the second time, the Australian beat Chrissie Wellington's course record by almost two minutes in 8:52:14 h and gave Britons Rachel Joyce and Liz Blatchford no chance at the marathon. Caroline Steffen came fourth with stomach problems, Kristin Möller was the best German in 16th place, one place behind Natascha Badmann.
The average age of the athletes starting in 2013 was 42 for men and 40 for women.
Since 2014
2014
In 2014, nine German athletes competed in the field of 53 male professional triathletes; together with Australia, Germany was numerically the strongest nation. Eight male professionals from the USA were able to qualify and one male professional each from Austria and Switzerland. Four Swiss and three Germans started among the 36 professional triathletes.
The reigning winner of the “Ironman European Championship”, Sebastian Kienle , achieved the first German victory in the men's category since Normann Stadler's triumph in 2006. Behind Ben Hoffman , the 2008 Olympic champion, Jan Frodeno , came third around six on his debut in Hawaii Minutes after Kienle crossed the finish line - a broken bike and a time penalty threw him back. Nils Frommhold was sixth, Maik Twelsiek eleventh, Ronnie Schildknecht twelfth, Michael Weiss sixteenth and Boris Stein twentieth. In the women's category , the Australian Mirinda Carfrae was able to repeat her success from the previous year ahead of the Swiss Daniela Ryf . Caroline Steffen and Julia Gajer finished fifth and sixth respectively. Faris Al-Sultan, who became a father in the spring, did not cross the finish line for the first time, six months later he announced his retirement from competitive sport. In total, he was called on stage nine times at the award ceremony in the top ten in his thirteen starts in Hawaii.
In 2014 Elmar Sprink (42) from Cologne was the first person to successfully complete the Ironman Hawaii in 12:30 h after a heart transplant.
2015
In May 2015, the Florida judicial authorities ruled that the Ironman Hawaii lottery operated since 1983 was illegal. It was criticized that the participants in the lottery did not win a starting place in the Ironman Hawaii, but only the right to purchase it for an additional 850 US dollars. The WTC then had to pay a fine equal to its winnings from this lottery since 2012, a total of 2.76 million US dollars, and announced that it would no longer offer the lottery from 2016. In August 2015, Providence sold the organizer WTC to the Chinese financial investor Dalian Wanda for 650 million US dollars .
In 2015, the WTC adapted the rules for the Ironman Hawaii, as well as its other events, to those of the ITU, in particular the WTC shortening the drafting zone from ten to seven meters in 2004 was reversed.
In 2015 Jan Frodeno was in the top group right from the start at his second start in Hawaii. After a duel at the top on the bike with last year's winner Sebastian Kienle, he was able to break away on the running track and was the first Olympic champion to triumph at the Ironman Hawaii. He became the fifth German Hawaii winner and also the first athlete to win the Ironman European Championship in Frankfurt, the Ironman 70.3 World Championship and Hawaii in one year.
Also in the top group after swimming was Andreas Raelert, who was thrown back with a breakdown on the bike. With the second fastest running time of the day, the 39-year-old Rostock, who had not counted among the favorites after two messed up years in Hawaii, was able to work his way up to second place and thus ensured a German double victory. Sebastian Kienle fell back on the running track and finished eighth, while Boris Stein , like Raelert, who qualified at the last minute, finished tenth. In the women's category, after Mirinda Carfrae's exit on the bike course , favorite Daniela Ryf ensured a seventh victory for a Swiss woman with a thirteen-minute lead over Brit Rachel Joyce . Caroline Steffen came in ninth, the Austrian Eva Wutti came in sixteenth. The best Germans were Britta Martin and Katrin Esefeld in seventeenth and nineteen places .
2016
In the men's category, Jan Frodeno won ahead of Sebastian Kienle and Patrick Lange . With this, Germany celebrated a triple success for the second time since 1997 and Jan Frodeno was the first German triathlete to win the Ironman Hawaii twice in a row. Third-placed Patrick Lange also improved Mark Allen's best running time in 1989. It should be noted that the route in 1989 was still different.
In the women's category, Daniela Ryf, after Natascha Badmann, was once again able to defend the title.
2017
214 German triathletes qualified for Kona, 32 from Austria and 43 from Switzerland (61 in the previous year). With Cameron Wurf, Lionel Sanders and Sebastian Kienle, three athletes undercut the old course record on the bike course. However, at the marathon they had to pay tribute for the high pace. They were all overtaken by Patrick Lange, who switched from mountain biking to triathlon relatively late . This was the fourth year in a row that an athlete from Germany won the men's competition. Lange missed the finisher mark of eight hours by just one hundred seconds. In the women's competition, Daniela Ryf from Switzerland was at the top of the podium for the third time in a row.
2018
Five weeks before the Ironman Hawaii 2018, the online mail order company Amazon was announced as the new title sponsor for the event and the 40th anniversary of the event was called "Ironman World Championship brought to you by Amazon".
On October 13, 2018, both of the previous year's winners, Daniela Ryf and Patrick Lange , successfully defended their title. Lange stayed below the eight-hour mark for the first time in Hawaii with a new course record in 7:52:39 h, which was also undercut by Bart Aernouts in second place (7:56:41 h). Ryf, who had contact with jellyfish while swimming and came out of the water nine minutes after the fastest swimmer, set a new course record for women with her winning time of 8:26:16 h. In 2018 the marathon ran over a slightly modified running route. The record times were helped by the optimal wind conditions on the bike course. Five of the men and six of the women remained below the previous record in cycling. For women, nine 2018 starters are now represented in the top 10 fastest cyclists.
2019
On October 12, 2019, Anne Haug and Jan Frodeno won the German triathlon title for both women and men for the first time. In his third win, Frodeno beat the course record with a time of 7:51:13 h.
2020
In April 2020, as the corona virus spread, the period for qualifying for Ironman Hawaii was extended to August 30th. With this change, the 2020 Ironman Canada (August 30), Ironman Kazakhstan (first run on August 23) and Ironman Vichy (August 23) will now also have 60 starting places in addition to the qualification places for the Ironman World Championships 2021 awarded for the Ironman World Championships 2020 . Ironman events that have already been postponed and will now take place on or before August 30, 2020, will remain in the qualifying season for Ironman Hawaii 2021. An originally planned event on February 6, 2021 was postponed to October 9, 2021.
Impact on Hawaii
In 2002 the Honolulu Advertiser , the largest daily newspaper in Hawaii at the time, reported that the Ironman Hawaii would generate additional sales of $ 26 million. 7000 volunteers are involved in the event. The local bike shop B&L Bike and Sports, for example, generates up to a third of its annual turnover in the days around the competition. Between 75 and 150 people would have an M-Dot logo tattooed on site on the day of the competition and in the days after. The average athlete would stay in Hawaii for ten days, two days longer than the average tourist. In addition, most participants would bring a partner or trainer with them.
Record holder
Men
Men's best times
| space | Surname | year | time | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Jan Frodeno
|
2019 | 7:51:13 | 3 × winners Ironman Hawaii (2015, 2016, 2019) |
| 2 |
Patrick Lange
|
2018 | 7:52:39 | 2 × Winner Ironman Hawaii (2017, 2018) |
| 3 |
 Bart Aernouts
|
2018 | 7:56:41 | Second Ironman Hawaii (2018) |
| 4th |
Timothy O'Donnell
|
2019 | 7:59:40 | Second Ironman Hawaii (2019) |
| 5 |
Patrick Lange
|
2017 | 8:01:40 |
The most successful triathletes in Hawaii are the two Americans Dave Scott and Mark Allen with six wins each . The Canadian Peter Reid , the Australian Craig Alexander and Jan Frodeno (Germany) each won the race three times. Scott Tinley , Tim DeBoom (both USA), Normann Stadler , Patrick Lange (both Germany), the Belgian Luc Van Lierde and the Australian Chris McCormack follow with two wins each .
Wolfgang Dittrich from Neuss was the first German to climb the podium in 1993 in 8:20:13 h, replacing Hannes Blaschke and Klaus Barth as the previously best-placed Germans who were fourth in 1985 and 1986 respectively. After two second places in 1995 behind Mark Allen and in 1996 behind Luc van Lierde, Thomas Hellriegel was finally able to achieve the first German victory in Hawaii in 1997 in 8:33:01 h. He won ahead of Jürgen Zäck and Lothar Leder . In 2004 Normann Stadler won as the second German with 8:33:29 h, in 2006 he was able to repeat this success in 8:11:56 h. Faris Al-Sultan won the Ironman World Championship in 2005 as the third German with 8:14:17 h.
The fourth German winner in 2014 was Sebastian Kienle in 8:14:18 h, in 2015 Jan Frodeno won in 8:14:40 h as the fifth and 2017 Patrick Lange in 8:01:39 h as the sixth German. With five podium finishes, Andreas Raelert replaced Thomas Hellriegel in 2015 as the German athlete who stepped onto the podium at the “Flower Ceremony” most often. With the victory in 2016, Jan Frodeno became the second German after Norman Stadler to win the Ironman Hawaii twice. He was also the first German to defend an Ironman Hawaii title. Patrick Lange also managed to defend his title in 2018 with his winning time of 7:52:39 h. He was the first triathlete to undercut the “magical” eight hours in Hawaii.
In 2019, Jan Frodeno took his third victory with the current course record of 7:51:13 h.
The record in swimming has been held by the German Jan Sibbersen , who previously started as a professional athlete and now as an age grouper, in 46:29 minutes since 2018 . The Australian Cameron Wurf set the partial course record on the 180 km bike course in Hawaii with 4:09:06 h in 2018, the fastest German is Sebastian Kienle with 4:14:57 h (2017). The fastest on the marathon distance is the German Patrick Lange in 2:39:45 h (2016).
Top 10 fastest men in the sub-disciplines
| 3.86 km swim | 180.2 km cycling | 42.195 km run | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46:29 |
Jan Sibbersen
|
2018 | 4:09:06 |
 Cameron Litter
|
2018 | 2:39:45 |
Patrick Lange
|
2016 | ||
| 46:44 |
Lars Jorgensen
|
1995 | 4:11:28 |
 Michael Weiss
|
2018 | 2:39:59 |
Patrick Lange |
2017 | ||
| 46:50 |
Jan Sibbersen |
2003 | 4:12:18 |
Andrew Starykowicz
|
2018 | 2:40:04 |
Mark Allen (1)
|
1989 | ||
| 47:01 |
Noa Sakamoto
|
2008 | 4:12:26 |
Bart Aernouts
|
2018 | 2:41:03 |
Dave Scott (1)
|
1989 | ||
| 47:02 |
John Flanagan
|
2008 | 4:12:28 |
 David Pleše
|
2018 | 2:41:06 |
Pete Jacobs
|
2010 | ||
| 47:09 |
Joshua Amberger
|
2017 | 4:12:54 |
Cameron Litter |
2017 | 2:41:32 |
Patrick Lange (2)
|
2018 | ||
| 47:15 |
 Hiroki Hikida
|
2003 | 4:12:58 |
Matt Russell
|
2017 | 2:41:48 |
Luc Van Lierde
|
1996 | ||
| 47:28 |
Joshua Amberger
|
2019 | 4:14:18 |
 Lionel Sanders
|
2017 | 2:41:57 |
Olivier Bernhard
|
1999 | ||
| 47:31 |
Jan Frodeno
|
2019 | 4:14:45 |
Cameron Litter
|
2019 | 2:41:59 |
Craig Alexander
|
2010 | ||
| 47:38 |
Timothy O'Donnell
|
2019 | 4:14:57 |
Sebastian Kienle
|
2017 | 2:42:02 |
Chris McCormack
|
2007 | ||
(1) From 1981 to 1989 the route ran through Kona Airport; from 1990 the turning point was at the Natural Energy Lab.
(2) Since 2018 the marathon distance has been on a slightly different course.
Women
Women's best times
| space | Surname | year | time | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Daniela Ryf
|
2018 | 8:26:16 | 4 × Winner Ironman Hawaii (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) |
| 2 |
 Lucy Charles-Barclay
|
2018 | 8:36:34 | 3 × Second Ironman Hawaii (2017, 2018, 2019) |
| 3 |
Anne Haug
|
2019 | 8:40:10 | Ironman Hawaii winner (2019) |
| 4th |
Anne Haug
|
2018 | 8:41:58 | Third Ironman Hawaii (2018) |
| 5 |
Sarah True
|
2018 | 8:43:42 | Fourth Ironman Hawaii (2018) |
In the women's category, Paula Newby-Fraser ( Zimbabwe , USA from 1993) won eight times, and Natascha Badmann from Switzerland has six wins . The British Chrissie Wellington and the Swiss Daniela Ryf each won four times, the Australian Mirinda Carfrae triumphed three times.
Newby-Fraser held the course record from 1992 with 8:55:28 h, it wasn't until 2009 that Chrissie Wellington became the first woman since then to beat it by 86 s with her winning time of 8:54:02 h. Only 22 men were faster than Wellington at the time. In 2013 Mirinda Carfrae improved the course record by just under two minutes to 8:52:14 hours and ran the marathon in the other record time for women of 2:50:39 hours - only two men were faster that day. Daniela Ryf improved the course record in 2016 to 8:46:46 hours and again in 2018 by over 20 minutes to 8:26:18 hours.
After her third place in 2018, Anne Haug became the first German to win in 2019. Before that, Nina Kraft was the most successful German woman in Hawaii with her second place in 2002 and third places in 2001 and 2003. Sandra Wallenhorst was third in 2008, Sonja Tajsich fourth in 2012, Ute Mückel fifth in 1996. The best Austrian so far is Kate Allen with two fifth places (2005 and 2006).
The fastest German swimmer so far is Ute Mückel, who reduced her best time to 49:57 minutes in 1997. Eight of the ten fastest bike times ever ridden by women in Hawaii were recorded at the 2018 event. The fastest time of the German women was Anne Haug in 2019 with 2:51:07 h.
Top 10 fastest women in the sub-disciplines
| 3.86 km swim | 180.2 km cycling | 42.195 km run | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48:13 |
Lucy Charles
|
2018 | 4:26:07 |
Daniela Ryf
|
2018 | 2:50:27 |
Mirinda Carfrae
|
2014 | ||
| 48:43 |
Jodi Jackson
|
1999 | 4:38:11 |
Lucy Charles
|
2018 | 2:50:39 |
Mirinda Carfrae |
2013 | ||
| 48:48 |
Lucy Charles |
2017 | 4:38:16 |
Corinne Abraham
|
2018 | 2:51:07 |
Anne Haug
|
2019 | ||
| 48:53 |
Lauren Brandon
|
2017 | 4:42:26 |
Angela Naeth
|
2018 | 2:52:09 |
Mirinda Carfrae |
2011 | ||
| 49:02 |
Lucy Charles |
2019 | 4:43:09 |
Sarah Crowley
|
2018 | 2:52:41 |
Chrissie Wellington
|
2011 | ||
| 49:08 |
Lauren Brandon
|
2019 | 4:43:51 |
Mareen hooves
|
2018 | 2:53:32 |
Mirinda Carfrae |
2010 | ||
| 49:11 |
Wendy Ingraham
|
1998 | 4:44:20 |
Karin Thürig
|
2011 | 2:53:51 |
Caitlin Snow
|
2011 | ||
| 49:51 |
Barbara Lindquist
|
2000 | 4:44:20 |
Mirinda Carfrae
|
2018 | 2:55:22 |
Anne Haug
|
2018 | ||
| 49:52 |
Wendy Ingraham |
1999 | 4:44:32 |
 Kaisa Sali
|
2018 | 2:56:04 |
Caitlin Snow |
2010 | ||
| 49:57 |
Ute Mückel
|
1997 | 4:45:05 |
Laura Philipp
|
2019 | 2:56:51 |
Daniela Ryf
|
2016 | ||
Winners lists
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|
|
(a) Paula Newby Fraser is listed under "United States" in the 1993 to 1996 results lists.
statistics
| number | athlete | Years |
|---|---|---|
| 8th |
 / Paula Newby-Fraser
|
1986, 1988, 1989, 1991-1994, 1996 |
| 6th |
Natascha Badmann
|
1998, 2000-2002, 2004, 2005 |
|
Mark Allen
|
1989-1993, 1995 | |
|
Dave Scott
|
1980, 1982-1984, 1986, 1987 | |
| 4th |
Chrissie Wellington
|
2007-2009, 2011 |
|
Daniela Ryf
|
2015-2018 | |
| 3 |
Craig Alexander
|
2008, 2009, 2011 |
|
Peter Reid
|
1998, 2000, 2003 | |
|
Jan Frodeno
|
2015, 2016, 2019 | |
|
Mirinda Carfrae
|
2010, 2013, 2014 |
Country Statistics
In the success statistics of the countries according to podium placements for men and women, the United States is still clearly at the top as the host country, which can be attributed in particular to the early years. For example, of the medals awarded at the initial events, 89% remained with men and 51% with women in the USA.
In the last 26 years (1994 to 2019) more than a third of the medals (30 out of 78) went to German men. In 2016, three German men were able to occupy the medal ranks for the first time since 1997. Among women, triathletes from Switzerland dominated during this period (15 medals, ten of which were gold), ahead of women from the United Kingdom (15 medals) and those from Australia (14 medals).
| space | country | First | Second | Third | total | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
United States
|
30th | 27 | 27 | 84 | The “Big Four”, who made up virtually every triathlon between 1980 and 1995, made a significant contribution - Mark Allen , Dave Scott , Scott Tinley and Scott Molina |
| 2 |
Australia
|
11 | 9 | 9 | 29 | Mirinda Carfrae and Craig Alexander won three gold medals each. |
| 3 |
Germany
|
11 | 8th | 18th | 37 |
Jan Frodeno won three gold medals and Normann Stadler and Patrick Lange won two gold medals each. Jan Frodeno took Germany's sixth victory in a row in the men in 2019. Anne Haug was the first German woman to win the race in October 2019. In 2004, Nina Kraft initially won in Hawaii, but her victory was revoked because of doping. |
| 4th |
Switzerland
|
10 | 5 | 1 | 16 | The most successful Swiss athlete is Natascha Badmann with six gold and two silver medals. In 2015-2018 Daniela Ryf was the second athlete after Paula Newby-Fraser to win four times in a row. The men achieved a bronze medal (1985). |
| 5 |
Canada
|
8th | 16 | 3 | 27 | Peter Reid won three gold medals. The most successful Canadian athlete is Lori Bowden - with two gold, four silver and one bronze medal. |
| 6th |
United Kingdom
|
5 | 5 | 8th | 18th | Chrissie Wellington won four gold medals. |
| 7th |
Zimbabwe
|
5 | 1 | 2 | 8th | All medals were won by Paula Newby-Fraser between 1985 and 1992 . From 1993 she is listed as an American. |
| 8th |
Belgium
|
3 | 3 | 3 | 9 | |
| 9 |
 New Zealand
|
2 | 5 | 2 | 9 | |
| 10 |
Finland
|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 11 |
 Spain
|
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
 Netherlands
|
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 12 |
 Chile
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
 France
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| 13 |
 Brazil
|
0 | 0 | 6th | 6th | Fernanda Keller won bronze medals six times between 1994 and 2000. |
| 14th |
 Denmark
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
(As of October 13, 2019 - after 43 events in Hawaii; 253 medals in total)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b "Iron Man World Triathlon Championship" Trademark Details ( Memento from September 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ironman in Hawaii canceled. July 22, 2020, accessed July 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Swim 2.4 miles, bike 112 miles, run 26.2 miles. Brag for the rest of your life! handwritten note on the three-page competition description of each participant in the first Ironman Hawaii
- ↑ Times for the Ironman Hawaii Qualification 2019 ( German ) In: endurance-data.com .
- ↑ Frequently Asked Questions About The Ironman Triathlon World Championship (Mar 15th 2002) ( Memento from August 16, 2002 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Ironman World Championship 2005 Athlete Guide ( German , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005.
- ↑ a b Ironman World Championship 2009 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on October 7, 2009.
- ↑ Distribution of points and prize money for professional triathletes ( Memento from October 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Professional Athlete Qualification & Validation ( English ) In: ironman.com .
- ↑ Kona Points Ranking System Women ( English ) In: ironman.com .
- ↑ Kona Points Ranking System Men ( English ) In: ironman.com .
- ↑ Athlete Participant List for the Ironman World Championship 2015 ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . World Triathlon Corporation. September 8, 2015.
- ↑ Allocation of starting places for the Ironman Hawaii 2014 at the Ironman Frankfurt ( English ) In: ironman.com . Archived from the original on December 6, 2013.
- ↑ Allocation of starting places for the Ironman Hawaii 2016 at the Ironman Frankfurt . In: ironman.com .
- ↑ a b C.J. Olivares: A Look Back: Ironman's First 10 Years ( English ) In: Triathlete Magazine . October 1988.
- ↑ Info sheet Ironman Frankfurt 2005 regarding the allocation of starting places for the Ironman Hawaii (PDF) Xdream GmbH. Archived from the original on April 30, 2005.
- ↑ Jakob Ohlsen: Ironman Hawaii 2017 | Statistics. Accessed March 15, 2018 .
- ↑ Julia Polloreno: Ironman Announces Redistribution of Prize Purse Money for 2015 . In: triathlon.competitor.com . August 3, 2014. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
- ↑ Bethany Mavis: How Losing Kona Slots Will Affect 70.3 Races ( English ) In: triathlon.competitor.com . July 22, 2014.
- ↑ Frank Wechsel: Kraichgau starts 2015 under the Ironman label . In: tri-mag.de . May 9, 2014.
- ↑ Ironman Responds to Kona Lottery Decision ( English ) In: ironman.com . WTC. May 13, 2015.
- ↑ Press Release: WTC Announces 2012 Ironman Lottery Registration Opening and Program Enhancements . WTC. October 31, 2011. Archived from the original on April 17, 2012.
- ^ Ironman Lottery Legacy and Passport Programs . WTC. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f Ironman World Championship 2015 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. September 11, 2015.
- ↑ a b Ironman World Championship 2003 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on May 25, 2004.
- ↑ Ironman World Championship 2004 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on April 1, 2005.
- ↑ Ironman World Championship 2011 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011.
- ↑ Ironman World Championship 2012 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012.
- ↑ Stefan Leitner: Ironman Hawaii with a new swim start . In: trinews.at . 3rd August 2014.
- ↑ Timothy Carlson: Messick explains the changes ( English ) In: slowtwitch.com . August 8, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Ironman World Championship 2014 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC.
- ^ Jack Johnstone: Story of the first triathlon .
- ^ Judy MacGregor Collins: 2015 Optimist Sports Fiesta Marks The 40th Anniversary Of The Longest Running Annual Triathlon In The World . In: Coronado Eagle & Journal, Coronado . 4th September 2015.
- ^ Whoever finishes first, We'll call him the Ironman. Testimony from John Collins at the award ceremony of the “Oahu Perimeter Relay Run” in 1977, when he and some friends decided to combine the three most challenging endurance sports events on the island in one race.
- ↑ a b Sanction Permit, Entry Form and Athlete Guide for the first annual Hawaiian Iron Man Triathlon on February 18th, 1978 ( Memento from June 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Dick Fishback: Iron-Man Triathlon: Haller leads 15 . In: The Honolulu Advertiser . 19th February 1978.
- ↑ Ironman ( English ) In: Sports Illustrated . May 14, 1979. Archived from the original on June 3, 2011.
- ↑ Peter Read Miller: Photos from the Sports Illustrated report of May 14, 1979 . In: Getty Images .
- ^ Result lists Ironman Hawaii
- ↑ a b c Don Norcross: If Valerie Silk Had Gotten Her Way, There May Never Have BeenAn Ironman ( English ) In: ironman.com . February 21, 2003.
- ↑ a b Elzabe Boshoff: The Heart of an Ironman South Africa ( English ). Meyer & Meyer , 2012, ISBN 978-1-84126-363-2 , p. 18. , p. 18.
- ↑ a b Mark Montgomery: The first Kona Ironman: A retrospective blog ( English ) In: slowtwitch.com . October 5, 2007.
- ↑ Timothy Carlson: The first to run sub-3 in Kona? ( English ) In: slowtwitch.com . April 13, 2009.
- ↑ John Nogowski: Phil Aubrey: master of his fate ( English ) In: The Telegraph, Nashua (New Hampshire) . February 21, 1981.
- ↑ a b Collection of photos of the posters of Ironman Hawaii
- ↑ a b c Pete Williams: Triathlons: In it for long run ( English ) In: sportsbusinessdaily.com . October 8, 2007. Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
- ↑ Steffen Guthardt: The interest of the iron man (PDF) In: sponsors.de . September 2009.
- ↑ From Unlikely Challenge To International Sensation ( English ) In: ironman.com . January 4, 2003.
- ↑ Wide World of Sports Highlights - 1980s . In: http://espn.go.com/ . ABC Sports Online. 2001.
- ↑ a b Bob Check: Ironwomen - Putting on the world's toughest event is a long way from a quiet gulf beach ( English ) In: The Evening Independent, St. Petersburg . October 22, 1983.
- ↑ Rolf Kunkel: The threefold total fitness . In: Der Spiegel . October 18, 1982.
- ^ A b c Scott Tinley : A Silk Purse: How a Long, Tall, Blonde Quite Accidentally Invented Modern Endurance Sports (Part 1) . In: trihistory.com . September 1, 2015.
- ^ Film from 'Freewheelin Films' about Ironman Hawaii 1982 (part 1) on YouTube
- ^ Film from 'Freewheelin Films' about Ironman Hawaii 1982 (part 1) on YouTube
- ↑ Frank Ketterer: The reason of everything . In: The daily newspaper . October 6, 2001.
- ↑ Thomas Scharrer: For crazy Americans . In: Nürnberger Nachrichten . October 18, 2003.
- ^ Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS) of the United States Patent and Trademark Office
- ^ Elliot Almond: Triathlon: grueling sport for the hardy takes on a glamorous status ( English ) In: The Bulletin, Bend (Oregon) . April 9, 1982.
- ↑ Triathlon popularity soaring ( English ) In: Ellensburg Daily Record . July 19, 1983.
- ↑ Steve Lowery: Julie Moss: Her Crawl to Glory Helps to Popularize Sport of Triathlon ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . 4th August 1985.
- ↑ Westchester Guide Triathlon Trial ( English ) In: New York Times . July 10, 1983.
- ↑ Shygiants Iron person
- ↑ Ironman Lottery ( English ) In: ironman.com . World Triathlon Corporation. Archived from the original on March 17, 2015.
- ↑ a b Sharon Robb: Soviets To Compete In Their First Ironman ( English ) In: Sun Sentinel . October 21, 1988.
- ^ Birth of Triathlete Magazine
- ^ Ron Staton: Ironmen congregate in Hawaii for Saturday Triathlon ( English ) In: Deseret News . October 21, 1983.
- ↑ Margaret O. Kirk: Triathlon ( English ) In: The Boston Phoenix . February 28, 1984.
- ↑ Police probe Cycle Sabotage ( English ) In: The Palm Beach Post . October 27, 1983.
- ↑ Police probing tacks on Course during triathlon ( English ) In: Eugene Register Guard, Eugene (Oregon) . October 27, 1983.
- ↑ John Kelley: And on top of all that, there's still a marathon ( English ) In: The Day, New London (Connecticut) . January 1, 1984.
- ↑ Kevin Mackinnon: Ironman And Timex: A Relationship That Keeps On Ticking ( English ) In: ironman.com . World Triathlon Corporation. April 9, 2003.
- ↑ a b Bill Scheppler: The Ironman Triathlon ( English ). The Rosen Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8239-3556-7 , p. 16. , p. 16.
- ↑ Timex Ironman Watches Information . In: sportswatchinformant.com . Archived from the original on August 20, 2015.
- ↑ Ironman calling it quits ( English ) In: New York Times . October 8, 1984.
- ↑ Ironman race may limit foreign athletes ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . May 17, 1985.
- ↑ Pinellas Residents finish Ironman Event ( English ) In: The Evening Independent, St. Petersburg . October 8, 1984.
- ↑ Herbert Krabel: few thoughts from Mark Allen ( English ) In: slowtwitch.com . April 13, 2009.
- ↑ Cadence Industries Corporation vs. The Hawaiian Triathlon Corporation; Case No. 91068518-OPP . June 19, 1985.
- ↑ Pete Williams: Iron Man calls this fight a draw ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: sportsbusinessdaily.com . April 28, 2008
- ↑ Ironman Triathlon to Offer Prize Money ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . July 20, 1986.
- ↑ Ironman To Offer Cash ( English ) In: Sun Sentinental . July 17, 1986.
- ↑ Associated Press: Ironman Triathlon: Scott Wins for 5th Time, Breaks Record ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . October 19, 1986.
- ^ Result booklet EM 1997 (with copies of newspaper articles about Valerie Silk) (PDF) June 20, 1987.
- ↑ Associated Press: Ironman Triathlon: Dave Scott Scores Sixth Win as Top Rival Mark Allen Fades ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . October 11, 1987.
- ^ The complete history of the World's most famous Triathlon
- ↑ Hawaiian Triathlon Corporation vs. Marshall Medoff et al .; US Court of Appeals, 9th Cir. No. 89-15557 . April 25, 1990.
- ↑ Sharon Robb: Nice Triathlon Drug Testing ( English ) In: Sun Sentinentel . November 17, 1989.
- ↑ Associated Press: Ironman Triathlon: Molina Turns Into a Winner in Hawaii ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . October 23, 1988.
- ↑ Matt Fitzgerald: Iron War: Two Incredible Athletes. One Epic Rivalry. The Greatest Race of All Time. ( English ). Quercus, 2011, ISBN 978-1-78087-133-2 . .
- ↑ CJ Olivares, Jr .: The Art of War: Looking Back at the 1989 Iron War ( English ) In: Triathlete Magazine . 1990.
- ↑ Barbara Lloyd: On your own: where iron doses of stamina count ( English ) In: New York Times . October 9, 1989.
- ↑ Associated Press: Ironman Triathlon: Mark Allen Wins, Gains Confidence ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . October 8, 1990.
- ↑ Ken Schott: Behind the Broadcast ( English ) In: The Daily Gazette, Schenectady . May 25, 1991.
- ↑ Sean Phelps: The creation and development of an international sport federation: A case study of the International Triathlon Union from 1989-2000 ( English , PDF) In: Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations . 2006.
- ↑ Timothy Carlson: Allen, Newby-Fraser Dominate Again ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . October 31, 1993.
- ↑ Timothy Carlson: Allen Seeks His Fifth Title in Row ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . October 30, 1993.
- ↑ Joe Williams: Wheelchair Triathlete Keeps Rolling Toward His Dream ( English ) In: Orlando Sentinel . 5th June 1994.
- ↑ Kurt Denk: Zupacken, Anpacken, Los Lassen 2014, ISBN 978-3-7357-1599-9 , p. 13. , p. 13.
- ↑ Julie Cart: It Was a Triumph of Iron Will: Triathlete Paula Newby-Fraser Lost the Race but Gained a Greater Victory ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . November 6, 1995.
- ↑ m.ironman.com 1995 official Ironman World Championship Results
- ↑ Mark Allen Once Again Is Ironman ( English ) In: Seattle Times . October 9, 1995.
- ^ Christian Witt: Hell Hawaii . In: Focus . November 4, 1996.
- ↑ Eisenmann Hellriegel was 119 seconds missing . In: Rhein-Zeitung . October 29, 1996.
- ↑ Berliner Kurier : Eisenmann Hellriegel intercepted again shortly before the goal . October 28, 1996.
- ↑ Triumph of the three muscled animals . In: Hamburger Abendblatt . October 20, 1997.
- ^ A b Agreement between the Non-Profit-Organizations International Triathlon Union (ITU) and USA Triathlon (USAT) and the For-Profit-Organization World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) ( Memento from September 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) May 15 1998
- ↑ Press Release: World Triathlon Corporation, USA Triathlon & The International Triathlon Union Reach Agreement . International Triathlon Union . June 10, 1998. Archived from the original on February 2, 1999.
- ↑ Frank Siering: Ironman Lothar Leder hangs on the drip for half an hour . In: The world . October 5, 1998.
- ↑ m.ironman.com 1998 official Ironman World Championship Results
- ↑ Allocation of the Hawaii slots to the individual qualifying races in 2001 . In: 3athlon.de . Archived from the original on February 28, 2001.
- ↑ Ben Fertic: Ironman Triathlon 2001 World Championship Lottery . In: ironmanlive.com . WTC. March 31, 2001. Archived from the original on April 11, 2001.
- ↑ a b Jörg Kottmeier: You have to be a masochist here . In: Rhein-Zeitung . October 13, 2010.
- ↑ Randy Hill: Re: IMH drafting not tolerated. In: rec.sport.triathlon (Google Groups). October 26, 1999, accessed October 18, 2015 .
- ↑ Thomas Hellriegel and Nina Kraft Third in Hawaii . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . October 7, 2001.
- ↑ Ironman in Hawaii: Hellriegel still caught on the last kilometers . In: Der Spiegel . October 20, 2002.
- ↑ Peter Reid and Lori Bowden win Ironman in Hawaii . In: Spiegel Online . October 19, 2003.
- ↑ In the slipstream of victory Nina Kraft only took third place at the Ironman in Hawaii . In: Der Tagesspiegel . October 20, 2003.
- ↑ Kai Baumgartner: New slipstream rule for the pros at the Ironman Hawaii causes annoyance among the athletes traditionally strong on the bike . In: 3athlon.de . October 18, 2003. Archived from the original on August 20, 2004.
- ↑ Ralf Weitbrecht: Ironman winner Nina Kraft admits epo-doping . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . November 10, 2004.
- ↑ Cherie Gruenfeld: Ironman: The way to the goal . Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89899-457-6 , p. 125. , p. 125.
- ↑ Competitive Rules GTG V2 . Archived from the original on January 10, 2006.
- ↑ WTC bolts from USAT, will self-sanction from now on ( English ) In: slowtwitch.com . June 12, 2005. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ironman embarks On A More Standardized Frontier . World Triathlon Corporation. June 13, 2005. Archived from the original on January 18, 2006.
- ↑ Kai Baumgartner: World Triathlon Corporation announces middle distance racing series, direct competition for ITU series . In: 3athlon.de . June 22, 2005. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008.
- ↑ USA Triathlon has announced that it will no longer sanction events owned by the World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) or Ironman North America (IMNA). . In: beginnertriathlete.com . June 14, 2005.
- ↑ ITU smacks down Ironman with a worldwide ban on sanctioning ( English ) In: slowtwitch.com . September 13, 2005. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Kai Baumgartner: ITU vs. WTC: International Triathlon Union (ITU) and World Triathlon Corporation (WTC) continue to rub against each other. . In: 3athlon.de . September 12, 2005. Archived from the original on January 13, 2006.
- ^ Cameron Elford: ITU votes to withhold sanctioning of WTC events . In: Triathlete . Archived from the original on January 12, 2009.
- ↑ Steffen Gerth: Hawaii winner Al-Sultan: World's best fair-weather athlete . In: Der Spiegel . October 16, 2005.
- ↑ Michael McCarthy: Ford joins forces with Ironman for tough sell . In: USA Today . May 19, 2005. Archived from the original on March 18, 2006.
- ↑ Press Release: WTC and USAT reach agreement ( English ) In: ironman.com . World Triathlon Corporation. March 28, 2006. Archived from the original on May 8, 2006.
- ↑ Kai Baumgartner: International Sports Court (CAS) lifts sanctions from the International Triathlon Union (ITU) against Ironman races . In: 3athlon.de . April 28, 2006. Archived from the original on May 1, 2006.
- ↑ ITU Resolution Rescinded ( English ) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on May 8, 2006.
- ↑ Ironman World Championship 2006 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on October 16, 2006.
- ↑ Ironman World Championship 2008 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on September 20, 2008.
- ↑ Ironman World Championship 2009 Athlete Guide ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com . WTC. Archived from the original on October 7, 2009.
- ↑ Aaron Hersh: Kona's Secret Rule ( English ) In: triathlon.competitor.com . October 7, 2012.
- ↑ dpa : Hawaii earthquake: trembled when it began . In: The star . October 17, 2006.
- ↑ Karin Bühler: After the earthquake, the triathletes in Hawaii try to concentrate on the Ironman: In brutal paradise . In: Berliner Zeitung . October 21, 2006.
- ↑ Arne Dyck: Chris McCormack: Stadler and Al-Sultan accuse him of drafting . In: triathlon-szene.de . October 24, 2006.
- ↑ Ironman - There is a lot of argument in Hawaii . In: The world . October 10, 2008.
- ↑ Don Norcross: Ironman feud lights a fire in lava fields ( English ) In: The San Diego Union-Tribune . November 10, 2007.
- ↑ German triumph at the Ironman: "This victory is sweeter than sweet" . In: Der Spiegel . October 22, 2006.
- ↑ Christie Aschwanden: When Iron Is a Precious Metal ( English ) In: New York Times . September 11, 2008.
- ↑ Steffen Gerth: Mysterious nausea on the day of suffering . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . October 14, 2007.
- ↑ Jacqueline Schwerzmann: Giving up is more painful than driving on . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . October 15, 2007.
- ↑ Dan Empfield: WTC sold to private equity firm ( english ) In: slowtwitch.com . September 8, 2008.
- ↑ Martin Binder and Holger Luhmann: Stadler doesn't give convulsions a chance . In: The star . October 12, 2008.
- ^ Ironman Executive Challenge (XC) In: thelifeofluxury.com , June 1, 2010
- ↑ World Triathlon Corporation Launches Ironman Executive Challenge ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: xtri.com
- ↑ Elisabeth Weil: The Ironman: Triathlete Executives' Ultimate Status Feat In: bloomberg.com . December 13, 2012
- ↑ IRONMAN Timeline: The Fourth Decade (2008-2018) ( English ) World Triathlon Corporation. June 29, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ↑ Liz Hichens: WTC Releases Final 2011 Ironman World Championship Qualifying Rules ( English ) In: triathlon.competitor.com . July 13, 2010.
- ↑ Timothy Carlson: Andreas Raelert & # 146; s take on Kona. In: slowtwitch.com. November 19, 2010, accessed September 11, 2015 .
- ↑ Jens Richter: Wallenhorst case - confusion or intent? . In: tri-mag.de . October 10, 2010.
- ↑ Hanoverian Wallenhorst disqualified at the Ironman in Hawaii . In: Hannoversche Allgemeine . October 10, 2010.
- ↑ Craig Alexander wins for the third time . In: tri2b.com . October 9, 2011.
- ↑ Michael Eder: Lance Armstrong attacks again . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . February 18, 2012.
- ↑ Fred Dreier: Lance Armstrong brings attention bigger business to triathlon ( English ) In: Forbes . March 31, 2012.
- ^ Rene Lynch: Lance Armstrong barred from Hawaii Ironman; fans crushed ( English ) In: Los Angeles Times . June 14, 2012.
- ↑ Dan Empfield: It's Official: Lance out of Ironman ( English ) In: slowtwitch.com . June 16, 2012.
- ↑ Ralf Weitbrecht: German Ironman winner Kienle The best moment of his life . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . October 12, 2014.
- ↑ Timo Schoch: Hawaii winner Al-Sultan ends his career . In: Donaukurier . 19th May 2015.
- ↑ 2 years after the transplant: Kölner creates Ironman in Hawaii . In: Express . October 14, 2014.
- ↑ Jürgen Bröker: People from Cologne with a donor heart made Ironman in Hawaii . In: The world . October 28, 2014.
- ↑ Letitia Stein: Ironman triathlon ran illegal lottery for athletes: US prosecutors ( English ) In: Reuters . May 13, 2015.
- ↑ Liana B. Baker: Exclusive: China's Dalian Wanda in talks to buy Ironman parent ( English ) In: Reuters . August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Niclas Bock: Sale to China? Ironman rumors . In: tri-mag.de . August 12, 2015.
- ↑ Dalian Wanda finalizing deal for ironman ( English ) In: businesstimes.com.sg . August 8, 2015.
- ↑ Jamie Beach: Ironman aligns global rules with ITU for 2015 . In: 220triathlon.com . February 13, 2015.
- ↑ Ironman Hawaii 2017: 214 Germans are on the Big Island (September 17, 2017)
- ↑ Ironman Hawaii 2017: Austria is represented with 32 participants (September 17, 2017)
- ↑ Ironman Hawaii 2017: 43 Swiss nationals travel to the World Championship in Kona (September 17, 2017)
- ↑ Ironman Hawaii 2017 - all starters from Switzerland
- ↑ Bad Wildunger Patrick Lange wins Ironman in Hawaii. In: HNA.de . October 15, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017 .
- ↑ Amazon becomes title sponsor of Ironman Hawaii (September 11, 2018)
- ↑ tri-mag.de: Daniela Ryf wins the fourth world title
- ↑ Road to Kona 2020: Changes for the Ironman Hawaii slot allocation announced (April 9, 2020)
- ↑ No double world championships in the coming year: Ironman Hawaii in February and Ironman 70.3 World Championships in Taupo for 2021 canceled (July 22, 2020)
- ↑ Michael Tsai: Kona's Ironman triathlon provides boost to economy ( English ) In: Honolulu Advertiser . October 19, 2002.
- ↑ a b Results booklet Ironman Hawaii 2014 ( English , PDF) In: ironman.com .
- ^ Results booklet Ironman Hawaii 2013 ( English , PDF) World Triathlon Corporation.
- ↑ Results and winners Hawaii ( English , PDF) In: ironman.ch .
- ↑ Frodeno and Haug win Ironman World Championship (October 13, 2019)
