Ala Nova Castle

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Schwechat Castle
Alternative name Ala Nova
limes Upper Pannonia
section Route 2
Dating (occupancy) End of the 2nd century to the 5th century
Type Alenkastell
unit a) Ala I Thracum Victrix (?),
b) equites Dalmatae
size 206 × 170 m = 3.5 ha
Construction Stone fort on Alanovaplatz
State of preservation no longer visible above ground
place Schwechat
Geographical location 48 ° 8 '38.1 "  N , 16 ° 28' 11.7"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 8 '38.1 "  N , 16 ° 28' 11.7"  E
height 170  m above sea level A.
Previous Legion camp Vindobona (west)
Subsequently Aequinoctium fort (east)
Limes3.png

The Ala Nova Fort is a former Roman cavalry fort ( Alenkastell for 500 riders) in the Austrian section of the Upper Pannonian Limes. It was located in the municipality of Schwechat , Lower Austria , a few kilometers east of Vienna . The area of ​​the former Reiterkastell was spread over the area of ​​today's Alanovaplatz , the cemetery and the brewery area in the Klein-Schwechat district . The stationing of a mobile cavalry unit was strategically necessary to better secure the wide plain between Vindobona and Carnuntum along the Danube and to enable rapid intervention in an emergency.

Ala Nova may have been built in the late 2nd century with wood and earth fortifications in what is now Alanova Square. At the beginning of the 3rd century it was built as a rectangular walled fort. Several phases of renovation are known during the occupation period up to the 5th century. On the basis of individual finds, at least one civil settlement ( vicus ) is suspected in the vicinity of the fort . Grave fields were discovered in the area of ​​the Schwechat main square and south of the fort, on Frauenfeld.

location

Fort Ala Nova (Lower Austria)
Ala Nova Castle
Ala Nova Castle
Location of the Ala Nova fort in Lower Austria

Schwechat is located on the northeastern edge of the Vienna Basin at the confluence of the Schwechat River into the Danube and was named after this river. In the northwest, the city has grown together with Vienna in the last few decades and borders directly on Vienna's 11th district ( Simmering ).

The place is located in a traffic geographically favorable location at the intersection of two major roads: In Schwechat the path along the Danube from one of which is Leitha in German Brodersdorf coming over Moosbrunn and Himberg and continue on the Danube and its northern adjacent floodplains to Grossenzersdorf leading Crossed route. The region has been settled since the Neolithic . Within around 6000 years, a metropolitan area with 16 large-scale settlement areas was created over a length of only five kilometers. This is proven by finding sites on both sides of the Schwechat-Au.

Schwechat is supported by a total of five brooks,

  • the Liesing that joins here ,
  • the Schwechat (the natural river bed),
  • the Schwechat-Mühlbach near Rothmühle Castle , which was filled in in the 1950s,
  • the Mitterbach or Wildbach or Wildes Wasser (an artificial relief channel of the Schwechat that begins at Achau and takes up the majority of the water) and
  • the cold corridor

flowed through, dividing the urban area into two parts, Klein-Schwechat in the west and Groß-Schwechat on the right bank of the Cold Ganges. It can be assumed that bridges were built at this point in early times, which were very likely built as stone bridges with the arrival of the Romans and the expansion of the Limes Road. However, no traces of it have been found so far.

The former auxiliary fort was located in Klein-Schwechat on the area of ​​today's Alanovaplatz , the cemetery and the brewery area only a few hundred meters south of the ancient steep bank of the Danube (today called on the Grund ). The stationing of a mobile cavalry unit was necessary to better secure the wide and flat plain between Vindobona and Carnuntum and to be able to intervene quickly in an emergency. The river crossings or the bridges over the three rivers in Schwechat also had a certain strategic importance, which can be derived from the accumulation of archaeological traces (pointed trenches) of two or possibly three wood-earth deposits in the immediate vicinity of these rivers. In the chain of castles of the Limes, Ala Nova was about six Roman miles (nine kilometers) southeast of the legionary camp Vindobona and 21 Roman miles (31.1 km) west of the metropolis of (Upper) Pannonia, Carnuntum ( Petronell ).

Surname

Ala Nova means newly established equestrian department (Latin ala = rider department, nova = new).

Ala Nova is mentioned twice in ancient literature : The Itinerarium Antonini , a street directory revised around 300 AD, names Ala Nova near Aequinoctio ( Fischamend ), a post that is almost exactly halfway between Vindobona and Carnuntum lay ("Aequinoctio et Ala Nova in medio Vindobona"). The Itinerarium gives the distance Carnuntum - Vindobona as 27 Roman miles, which corresponds to about 40.5 km.

In the Notitia dignitatum , an administrative handbook from the 5th century, an Alanoua or an Ala nova (including the unit probably last stationed there, the equites Dalmatae Ala nova ) is also mentioned.

Sign of the Alanova Square

In 98 AD, the Ala I Flavia Britannica in Vindobona / Vienna was replaced by the Legio XIII Gemina . It could have been the endeavor to additionally secure the new legionary location Vindobona on its south-eastern flank. A fort was built in Schwechat for this purpose. The Roman place name Ala Nova can be traced back to a cavalry unit stationed in Schwechat (probably completely reorganized). The name could also come from the fact that the new equestrian camp was built north of a wood-earth camp that already existed on the west bank of the Schwechat River. According to Hannsjörg Ubl (1980), the question arises whether the ancient name Ala or Ala Nova could not be traced back to this older wood-earth store.

Research history

Profile of the pointed moat of the fort, which was discovered when a beer canal was excavated in 1910
Sole-shaped brick stamp of the Legio X Gemina , found in 1910

Early observations

The ancient journey of F. F. Wächter from 1821 gave first indications for the Roman past of Schwechat . In it he mentions "... old walls in the church of Schwechat" . Records by the Schwechat notary, Franz Schranzhofer, show that the remains of Roman walls were still visible in the 1870s. In 1843 and 1844, six Roman milestones were found in a well on the western outskirts of the city, originally standing 21 Roman miles from Carnuntum. In 1879, during field work near the Schwechater cemetery on Frauenfeld, a 60 cm high bulbous clay pot was discovered, which contained a coin treasure with around 12,000 silver-plated copper coins from the 4th century (306 to 361 AD).

Excavations 1910–1937

As part of the brisk construction activity at the turn of the 20th century, many coins, masonry and numerous bricks with the stamps of the Legio X Gemina were found again. In most cases, however, the finds fell into the hands of private collectors without any scientific documentation.

In the spring of 1910, Johann Ableidinger, former mayor and local history researcher of Schwechat, discovered the profile of the fort ditch and the foundations of the surrounding wall during excavation work for a beer canal on the Dreher brewery's property . The investigations carried out by Josef Nowalski de Lilia led to the reconstruction of the course of the ramparts, and the remains of a barracks could be identified. In the fall of 1910, the archaeologist of the Limes Commission, Eduard Nowotny, succeeded in uncovering and subsequently documenting a considerable part of the western fortifications on the brewery site. However, these excavation results did not allow any determination of the extent of the camp. In 1937, during earthworks in the area around the cemetery, Roman masonry was encountered again. During the construction of a drainage canal on Alanovaplatz , the south-eastern front of the fort was cut, which means that about 40 years after the fort was discovered, the dimensions of the camp were known.

Body burial at the civil cemetery on Frauenfeld, May 2010

Excavations 1979–2009

In the years after the Second World War , some smaller excavations took place, in particular around the church of St. Jakob on Schwechater Hauptplatz and during reconstruction work on the numerous war-damaged buildings in the area of ​​this square and on the grounds of the district authority. It was not until 1979 that another important archaeological find could be made. During the construction of a new residential complex on Frauenfeld, Hannsjörg Ubl from the Federal Monuments Office was able to identify pointed trenches in the northeast corner of the excavation pit. The discovery of fortification and bar graves became an indication of a possible wood-earth system at this location, about 400 meters south of the previously known Ala Nova fort. Ubl suspects that this wood-earth system is older than the fort. Ursula Langenecker from the Federal Monuments Office confirmed this in 1994 with evidence of further pointed ditches in the immediate vicinity of the first site. Unfortunately, the area in which the early wood-earth store is believed to have been largely destroyed by intensive residential development.
A smaller archaeological investigation in the area of ​​Alanovaplatz under the direction of Krista Süss from the AUSINA association in 2000 provided, among other things, indications of two stone construction phases of the fort and a suspected early wooden construction phase of the camp.

Investigations from 2010

Since the excavation in 1910 there has been no systematic investigation of the Roman fort in Schwechat. The history of the camp and the questions related to it therefore remained largely unanswered for a long time. A new turning point in the research history of the Roman Schwechat came in 2010, when two large-scale excavations were carried out on the area of ​​the former fort between Alanovaplatz and Wiener Straße and in the Frauenfeld district, at the intersection of Gladbeckstraße and Klederinger Straße. Both excavations were carried out on behalf of the Federal Monuments Office and were carried out by the company AS-Archäologie Service. carried out.

Excavation area between Alanovaplatz and Wienerstraße 9/2010

At the Frauenfeld, under the direction of Mag. Igl and Mag. Leingartner, an extensive civil Roman cemetery was discovered and examined in addition to a number of largely looted Longobard graves. Numerous cremation graves with partly rich grave goods and a number of body burials were uncovered. Preliminary evaluations allow the finds to be dated to the 2nd to 4th centuries AD. The location of the graves suggested the course of a grave road, which, however, could no longer be proven due to the relatively shallow location.

The excavation work at Alanovaplatz under the direction of Mag. Scholz provided fundamental new knowledge. Two barracks were almost completely recorded and several phases of repair could be demonstrated. However, a first Roman timber construction phase could not be confirmed. There are clear indications of an earlier settlement of the area. Finds from a late reconstruction phase from the 4th / 5th centuries were of particular interest. Century, with which the conversion of a military camp into a civil settlement area in stone construction could be clearly proven. The first Austrian evidence of Avar-era settlement within a Roman camp is of almost sensational value. These excavations, which were completed in early November 2010, provided a wealth of new knowledge that will shed a whole new light on the size, location and history of Ala Nova.

These two stratigraphic excavations as well as their numerous finds have been comprehensively processed since 2012 as part of a dissertation by the Austrian Archaeological Institute (project management Stefan Groh).

In November 2011, on behalf of the city of Schwechat and Asset One Immobilienentwicklung AG, a geophysical survey was carried out by the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics on the former site of the Schwechat brewery west of the Klein-Schwechat cemetery, where further remains of the Roman equestrian fort are suspected. In particular, the ground penetrating radar measurements show a rectangular structure (9 × 35 m) with an apparently preserved stone floor and interior subdivisions in the depth range of around 0.75 m. Further parallel structures and a trench can also be seen. These results mean that exciting excavations with at least as exciting results can be expected in the near future.

Wood-earth warehouse and fort

Early wood-earth warehouse

The question of an early wood and earth store in Schwechat has not yet been answered clearly. The most recent excavations in 2010 on Alanovaplatz could not prove an extensive timber construction phase. In the southeast area of ​​the excavation area, some indications of an early construction phase could be identified, but no structures or construction could be derived from the findings. The finds from this possible early storage phase can be dated to the second half of the 2nd century. Another indication of an early wood-earth camp, however, south of the stone fort at the junction of Gladbeckstrasse and Brauhausstrasse , in the immediate vicinity of the Mühlbach, which ran at this point at the time, was found by H. Ubl in 1979 and by U. Langenecker Spitzgräben in 1994. In the immediate vicinity to the east there were also bar graves in the topsoil. Hannsjörg Ubl believes to have discovered an early wood-earth bed at this point and suspects a dating in Flavian times (Hannsjörg Ubl, 1980). Among other things, Roman pottery and fragments of terra sigillata bowls decorated in relief were recovered from this area in 1976 . In the investigation report from 1994 the trenched trench is described as a precisely excavated, pointed trench. Its depth was 1.8 m (2.6 m below the top edge of the humus), the maximum width 3.8 m. However, the finds from the lowest layers were no longer suitable for exact dating because of their poor state of preservation and heavy wear and tear. The finds from the upper backfilling of the trench cannot be placed before the second half of the 2nd century. To determine the extent, orientation and dating of the camp, further excavations would be necessary in the few areas of this area that have not yet been destroyed.

As part of an excavation campaign in June 1950 in connection with the reconstruction of the St. Jacob's Church in Groß Schwechat, which had been damaged in the war , the profiles of two pointed trenches were cut at Hauptplatz 21a , whose Roman origins have been proven. However, a more precise dating was not possible. Strangely enough, this reference received no attention in the later literature and scientific discussion. Whether these pointed trenches indicate an early marching camp or wood-earth camp on the east bank of the rivers in Schwechat, or served as a fence or delimitation of a grave of the Roman cemetery located at this point, cannot currently be answered.

Ala Nova Castle

Fort Ala Nova based on research by Nowotny and Ableidinger

The investigations by E. Nowotny and J. Ableidinger between 1910 and 1937 made it possible to precisely determine the size and position of the stone fort. The excavation in the spring of 1910 by the k & k Limes Commission under the direction of E. Nowotny led to the uncovering of a considerable part of the camp fortifications on the then site of the Dreher brewery . In the area of Alanovaplatz and the cemetery, the presence of the camp front extending from northeast to southwest (left principal side) could be confirmed on a line of 153 meters, which was pierced in the northern section by a 19 meter wide gate. On the northwestern front, after a rounded corner at an angle of 88.5 degrees, the southwestern front of the fort joined, the course of which could be observed up to a length of 160 meters.

Two finds by J. Ableidinger (a water pipe ditch in June 1928 in Wiener Straße 35 and sewer work on Alanovaplatz in 1937) were thought to have determined the exact dimensions of the camp. An antique wall 30 to 40 m behind the line of the wall of the houses at Wienerstrasse 33 and 35 was interpreted as a camp wall and the side length of the camp was set at 206 m. The most recent excavation in 2010 at Alanovaplatz was able to identify the northern Spitzgraben directly along Wienerstraße, so that the camp wall must be about 20 m further north than previously assumed, even if no artifacts can be detected. The cutting of the south-eastern long side in 1937 resulted in the width of the camp: the inside width was 168 meters, the wall was two meters thick. The Schwechat camp covers an area of ​​approx. 225 × 170 meters, i.e. 3.8  hectares ; this size was quite common for an auxiliary force of 500 men. The south-west corner of the fort was rounded and additionally reinforced with a relatively small and only slightly inwardly offset square tower with a side length of six meters. In the middle of the line between the south-western corner of the camp and the porta principalis sinistra there was an intermediate tower attached to the inside. This had the same dimensions as the south-west corner tower, only the wall thickness was slightly less.

At the western weir ditch, two construction phases could be identified:

  • Dig I: At the enclosing a 1.65 to 1.80 meters wide closed berm on, because a trench of about six meters in width, centered a water ditch (in whose sole Künette ) was deepened of trapezoidal cross-section.
  • Trench II: The earlier trench was overlaid by a second, larger one, which was 9.55 meters wide according to Nowotny, 11.40 meters according to Ableidinger (1929) and about four meters below today's ground level. A bench about two meters wide was found between the wall and the ditch. In the vicinity of the gate the moat widened, which was a little bulged at this point.

The foundation pit of the ramparts was about five Roman feet (1.46 to 1.65 m). The foundation walls appeared to be made of white concrete mortar. The rising masonry probably consisted of Sarmatian shell-containing sandstone from Atzgersdorf . Parts of a wall were found in the trench, which apparently fell into it when the fort was destroyed. The wall must have been at least five to six meters high according to the size of the rubble (Ableidinger, 1929). Inside the enclosure wall was the parapet walk, which was three meters wide and was recognized by the post holes that supported the wall walk inwards.

Particularly noteworthy was the discovery of the west gate, the porta principalis sinistra , the dimensions of which, like the fort wall, could only be reconstructed from the foundation pits. It was an arched double gate 19 meters wide flanked by two rectangular towers. There was a battlement between the towers. When the gate was excavated, a hollow brick was found in a wall niche, which was probably part of the heating system for the upper guard rooms. By locating the west gate, the relatively rough paving of the via principalis and two remains of the wall about 60 cm high could be uncovered. The width of the via principalis was 17.23 meters (60 Roman feet).

The cemetery chapel is located above the principia of the former camp.
The porta principalis sinistra by Ala Nova should have appeared something like that of the Saalburg .

At the western fence, the interval (space) could be traced through a 60 centimeter wide wall pit and a screed adjoining to the inside for 9.95 meters. On the decuman's front (i.e. in the rear part, the half of the camp not facing the enemy), the paving of the camp road could be detected up to a length of 16.65 meters. A small piece of the concreted embankment showed on the western intermediate tower.

The administrative center of every larger fort was the staff building , the principia with the camp or flag sanctuary. A cemetery chapel now stands on the site of the Principia of Ala Nova. It is the last remnant of the parish church Maria am Anger , which had to be demolished in 1815 because of dilapidation. It is noticeable that the foundations of the chapel and the former church run parallel to the surrounding walls of the fort and are therefore most likely related to them (Ableidinger 1929). J. Ableidinger assumed that the internal constructions of the camp were predominantly made of wood, whereas the staff building (principia) and the flag shrine were built in stone. This is also suggested by the discovery of two columns that were discovered in the 19th century inside the cemetery, i.e. on the former fort area (Ableidinger 1929).

Section of the remains of a wall from two construction periods inside the fort

In 2000 an excavation was carried out by the AUSINA association (led by Krista Süß). It was found that the building finds from the Middle Imperial period manifested themselves in two stone periods. It is worth mentioning the find among the oldest wall sections of a strongly profiled brooch with a perforated needle holder, which is believed to be dated to the 1st century. The three different find horizons reflect the intensive use of the storage area and are assigned to stone construction periods I and II. However, it remains unclear whether the remains of the wall found were part of a barracks or a horse stable. The discovery of postings under the stone fort Ala Nova deserves attention . The orientation of this post line is surprising, as it was clearly demarcated from the stone structure by an exact north-south orientation and also by the altitude.
The 2010 excavation provided completely new insights. The first findings from the 2000 excavation for the existence of an early wood-earth store could not be confirmed. Rather, it has now been recognized that the Roman fort was built on an area that was already inhabited. The current findings show that the equestrian camp is larger than previously thought. Barracks were found where the eastern fort wall and moat were expected. The ditch could be identified in the north, but much further north than expected. The finding of civilian settlement on the area camp in the late 4th or early 5th century shows that a similar development took place in Ala Nova as in the neighboring camps and forts.

crew

The occupation of the early wood-earth camp is unknown. The name of the cavalry unit that was stationed there after the stone fort I was expanded is also unknown. For the 2nd century, the Ala I Thracum Victrix was initially up for discussion, but new finds of brick stamps confirm with great certainty the location of the troops at Petronell-Carnuntum . It has also already been postulated that Ala Nova had no troops of its own and that the camp was possibly just an “outpost” of one of the neighboring legionary fortresses, Vindobona or Carnuntum . For late antiquity - in connection with the traditions from the Notitia dignitatum - a cavalry unit of the Equites Dalmatae for Ala Nova (also for the neighboring fort Aequinoctium / Fischamend) can be clearly assigned.

The location of the forts in Schwechat and Fischamend with the Limes road that connects them

Vicus

The exact location of the civil settlement of Ala Nova has remained unknown to date. Settlement findings were only documented in a few places in Schwechat. A pit with finds from the 2nd and 3rd centuries was found south of the fort area. The backfilling of the moat contained artifacts that could be related to a settlement. In the last 200 years, numerous litter finds, especially ceramics , have been picked up within the brewery premises. It can be assumed with a high degree of probability that the vicus , which was probably built at the same time as the fort, was located south of the camp, but the exact extent has not yet been recorded due to heavy overbuilding. However, it is questionable whether this can ever be clarified beyond doubt, because the vicus was probably mostly located on the premises of the brewery, where large earth movements took place at the end of the 19th century for the construction of large-scale beer cellars. This also explains the many hardly documented finds during this time. Finds from Roman times on the right bank of the Schwechat, where, for example, an ancient furnace was discovered in Sendnergasse , are further traces of Roman settlement.

Burial grounds

Ash urn with portraits of two wind gods, found on Schwechater Hauptplatz around 1900

From the notes of J. Ableidinger (1929) it emerges that as early as the 19th century a corpse field was found on the premises of the brewery and numerous other finds were made. However, they were stolen by collectors and therefore not scientifically recorded. Further graves were discovered south of the fort area. In 1929, an early imperial cremation grave was identified among the burials of the Ried Frauenfeld cemetery during the Migration Period . To the right of Brauereistrasse, in the direction of the Rannersdorf cadastral community , probably still in the Frauenfeld area, three more body graves from Roman times were recovered in 1968.

Another burial field is located in the area of ​​the main square of Schwechat, as a number of late antique burials could be secured there. One of the oldest documented finds is a Roman skeleton grave that was found in 1923 at Hauptplatz 5 . Another four Roman graves were described by M. Müllner in 1927 (also on the main square). In the same year a Roman-era grave with various vessels was found in the courtyard of the then district court (today district authority). On March 31, 1933, J. Ableidinger uncovered a Roman flagstone grave in the south-eastern corner of the Hammerbrothütte . It was probably an equestrian grave from the early 4th century, at least the grave goods found next to the skeleton of a 35-year-old man, a horseshoe, an iron buckle, a knife and some horse teeth indicate this. A tombstone from the 2nd half of the 3rd century was used as a cover for this grave. The equestrian grave was restored and conserved and placed in the entrance hall of the Federal High School / Federal Real High School. E. Neumann reported in 1950 that several graves and gold earrings were found during a basic excavation in the course of the repair of war damage at Hauptplatz 21 and 21a . In this context, a late Roman sarcophagus was also found at Hauptplatz 23 .

A small selection of finds from the Roman burial ground at Frauenfeld

During the repair of war damage at Hauptplatz 6 , three sarcophagi with body burials and a vessel were found, next to them two burials (without accessories). On the corner parcel at Hauptplatz, Bruck-Hainburgerstrasse, formerly Neckam (Hauptplatz 3) , despite the destruction of the children's grave there, a twisted gold earring could still be found. In 1958, during earthworks for a new road within the area of ​​the Schwechater brewery between the bottle hall and the former Soma plant, Hans Walter exposed a skeleton with its head facing east. The upper body was straightened at an angle of 70 degrees. A bronze coin (reduced follis of Constantius Chlorus , 293–306, minted in Ticinum ) was found on the left hand . The skeleton was given to the Landesmuseum Niederösterreich (since 2015: Museum Niederösterreich ), the coin is owned by the Schwechat Brewery. In 1963, in the excavation of a 2.50 meter deep canal trench in the Sendnergasse / corner of Hauptplatz, skeletal parts and Roman ceramic shards were found, apparently some body graves had been destroyed there beforehand. During the excavation of the foundations for the district administration building at Hauptplatz 3 , a body burial that was parallel to the sidewalk was destroyed in 1964. The extent of the burial ground on the main square is unknown, all we know is that it is in the area of ​​the Limesstrasse, the route of which once ran along there.

The 2010 excavations at Frauenfeld revealed an extensive civil cemetery south of the camp area. Most of the graves were not plundered. The cremation graves and body burials were partly very rich with grave goods. The position and frequency of burials suggest an east-west grave road. Due to the relatively shallow depth of the finds - no inspection horizon could be determined - this grave road could no longer be proven.

Limes road and milestones at Ala Nova

The Limesstrasse (dotted red) from Fischamend to Vienna

Part of the Limesstraße on the Carnuntum – Schwechat route is near the Mannswörth train station . The further course eastwards could be followed for about 1.5 kilometers at a bank break of the Danube in the Poigenau and in some gravel pits. To the west of the Mannswörth stop , the former Limesstrasse runs about 1.5 kilometers under the current embankment and emerges again where today's parallel driveway turns away from the railway. The Limesstraße from Schwechat to Vienna probably did not lead directly through the camp area but probably southwest of the present-day cemetery to the Klein-Schwechat train station, made a curve there and led on to the east wall of the central cemetery, under whose administration buildings it seems to continue along the Simmeringer Hauptstraße in the direction of the former legion camp Vindobona.

Coin image of Trajan, on the reverse the bridge over the lower Danube , built in 105 AD for the Dacian war

The location of the assumed junction to the Ala Nova camp has remained unknown. It can be assumed that the junction of the Limes road leading to Ala Nova was only created after the crossings over the Schwechat rivers, probably southwest of the fort; this is because the vicus is also suspected there and so far no evidence has been found that the former Limesstrasse was located at the site of today's Wienerstrasse.

An accumulation of milestones like those of the six, which presumably originally stood on the eastern bank of the Schwechat and indicated the distance from Carnuntum, leads to the conclusion that this point was also the border to the city and camp territory of Carnuntum. For this reason the Schwechat was adopted as the border between the territories of Carnuntum and Vindobona . The reason for the establishment of six milestones within a few years around the middle of the 3rd century near Schwechat, i.e. on an east-west main traffic connection, may not only have been repairs to roads and bridges, but certainly also political propaganda there on such milestones, the currently reigning emperors were usually immortalized with their full titles in order to properly emphasize their achievements for the respective province.

Showcase Schwechater exhibition "Traces of Time" (2011)

Monument protection and remains

All of the facilities described here are ground monuments within the meaning of the Austrian Monument Protection Act . Subsequent excavations and collecting of artefacts and finds without the approval of the Federal Monuments Office constitute a criminal offense. Accidental finds of archaeological objects (walls, ceramics, coins, bones, etc.), as well as all measures affecting the ground, must be reported to the Federal Monuments Office.

Many of J. Ableidinger's finds are kept in the Lower Austria Museum in St. Pölten (Ableidinger collection). The finds from the smaller excavation in 2000 are currently being stored by the city of Schwechat. The finds from both excavations in 2010 (fort and cemetery) were partly shown to the public after their restoration as part of an exhibition in 2011 (exhibition "Traces of Time" in the premises of the city library in Schwechat). Unfortunately, the finds are currently no longer accessible to the public and are largely kept in the Hainburg culture factory .

Binding of the history of Schwechat by J. Ableidinger , 1929

literature

  • Eduard Nowotny: The excavation in Schwechat . In: Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Phil.-hist. Class . tape 48 . Vienna 1911, p. 44 ff .
  • Johann Ableidinger: History of Schwechat . Verlag der Stadtgemeinde Schwechat, Schwechat 1929.
  • Gertrud Pascher: Roman settlements and roads in the Limes area between Enns and Leitha . In: The Roman Limes in Austria . tape 19 . Vienna 1949, p. 138 ff. And 189 ff .
  • Hannsjörg Ubl: The Austrian section of the Danube Limes. A research report (1970–1979) . In: Roman Frontier Studies . Oxford 1980, p. 587 ff .
  • Kurt Genser: The Austrian Danube Limes in Roman times. A research report . In: The Roman Limes in Austria . tape 33 . Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7001-0783-8 , p. 564 ff .
  • Manfred Kandler: The Roman Limes in Austria. A leader . Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1989, ISBN 3-7001-0785-4 , p. 199 ff .
  • Franz Sauer: Rannersdorf site. The archaeological excavations on the route of the S 1 . Federal Monuments Office, Vienna 2006, p. 61 ff .
  • Ana Zora Maspoli: Schwechat - Ala Nova. Auxiliary fort - vicus. In: Verena Gassner, Andreas Pülz (Hrsg.): The Roman Limes in Austria. Guide to the archaeological monuments. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-7001-7787-6 , pp. 267–270.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Franz Sauer: Rannersdorf site - the archaeological excavations on the route of the S 1 , 2006, p. 61
  2. ↑ Schwechat's past and present , Schwechat 1986
  3. ^ Maximilian Groller von Mildensee: Street research . In: The Roman Limes in Austria 5, 1904, p. 5
  4. ↑ Itinerarium Antonini II , p. 246 ff.
  5. ↑ Notitia dignitatum Occidentis 34.7.
  6. ↑ a b Notitia dignitatum Occidentis 34:18.
  7. ^ Hannsjörg Ubl: The Austrian section of the Danube Limes. A research report (1970–1979). In: Roman Frontier Studies . Oxford 1980, pp. 602 f.
  8. ^ Wilhelm Kubitschek: Carnuntina , JZK NF4, 1906, 117
  9. ^ Johann Ableidinger: History of Schwechat , 1929, 30
  10. ^ Ekkehard Weber: The Roman Milestones from Austrian Pannonia , ÖJh 49, 1968–1971, 121 ff.
  11. ^ Johann Ableidinger: History of Schwechat , 1929, 32
  12. ^ Johann Ableidinger: History of Schwechat , 1929, 31
  13. ^ Johann Ableidinger: History of Schwechat , 1929, VI
  14. ^ Eduard Nowotny: The excavation in Schwechat , Anz. Ak. 48, 1911, 44 ff.
  15. ↑ Kurt Genser: The Austrian Danube Limes in Roman times. A research report, The Roman Limes in Austria. 33, 1986, p. 536 ff.
  16. ^ Alfred Neumann: Excavations and finds in the Vienna city area 1949/1950 ; Publ. D. Hist. Mus. d. City of Vienna 3, 1950, 24 f.
  17. ^ Alfred Neumann: Excavations and finds in the Vienna city area 1949/1950 ; Publ. D. Hist. Mus. d. City of Vienna 1, 1951, 9 f.
  18. ↑ a b Hannsjörg Ubl: Find reports from Austria , 18, 1979, p. 464.
  19. ↑ a b c d Ursula Langenecker: Find reports from Austria , 33, 1994, p. 430.
  20. ↑ a b c d Krista Süss: Find reports from Austria , 39, 2000, p. 666 ff.
  21. ↑ Official website of the company AS-Archäologie Service .
  22. ^ Roman Igl: Fund reports from Austria , 48, 2009, pp. 316-317.
  23. ^ Bernhard Leingartner: Find reports from Austria , 48, 2009, p. 317.
  24. ↑ Ute Scholz, Silvia Müller: Find reports from Austria. 48, 2009, pp. 317-319
  25. ^ Homepage of the OeAI, Central European Archeology - Austria, archived copy ( memento from September 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) in the version from August 15, 2013.
  26. ↑ Annual scientific report of the Austrian Archaeological Institute 2012; Central European Archeology (ZEA): Research on the Noric-Pannonian Danube Limes - Schwechat-Ala Nova, 2013, pp. 63–65.
  27. ↑ Sirri Seren, Ralf Totschnig: Find reports from Austria. 50, 2011, p. 294.
  28. ^ Heinz Nowak: Find reports from Austria , 15, 1976, p. 273.
  29. ^ Alfred Neumann: Excavations and finds in the Vienna city area 1949/1950 . 1950, p. 24 (Publ. D. Hist. Mus. D. City of Vienna 3).
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g h Edouard Nowotny: The excavation in Schwechat. In: Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien , Phil.-hist. Class, 48, 1911, p. 44 ff.
  31. ↑ Manfred Kandler: An unpublished observation of the Schwechat Castle - Ala Nova . In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft der Freunde Carnuntums 4, 1980, p. 3 ff.
  32. ↑ Jenő Fitz: Acta Arch. Hung., 14, 1962, p. 25 ff.
  33. ^ Kurt Hetzer: Find reports from Austria , 1, 1930/34, p. 181.
  34. ↑ a b Friedrich Wimmer, in: Find reports from Austria , 1, 1930/34, p. 59.
  35. ↑ Kristin Engelhardt, in: Find reports from Austria , 9, 1966, p. 138.
  36. ^ Johann Ableidinger: Find reports from Austria , 1, 1930/34, p. 59.
  37. ^ M. Müllner, in: Fundberichte aus Österreich , 1, 1930/34, p. 59.
  38. ^ Johann Ableidinger: Find reports from Austria , 1, 1930/34, p. 238.
  39. ^ Alfred Neumann, in: Find reports from Austria , 5, 1946/50, p. 135.
  40. ^ Alfred Neumann, in: Find reports from Austria , 6, 1951/55, p. 100.
  41. ^ Hans Walter, in: Fund reports from Austria , 7, 1956/60, p. 111.
  42. ↑ a b Gertrud Moßler, in: Findberichte aus Österreich , 8, 1961/65, p. 101.
  43. ^ Martin Krenn, Roman Igl, in: Find reports from Austria , 48, 2009, p. 428.
  44. ^ Maximilian Groller von Mildensee: Street research . In: The Roman Limes in Austria 5, 1904, p. 3 ff.
  45. ^ Maximilian Groller von Mildensee: Street research . In: The Roman Limes in Austria 4, 1904, p. 5 f.
  46. ↑ CIL 03, 04641 ; CIL 03, 04642 ; CIL 03, 04643 ; CIL 03, 04644 ; CIL 03, 04645 ; CIL 03, 04646 .
  47. ↑ Ekkehard Weber, in: Annual Issues of the Austrian Archaeological Institute 49, 1968–71, p. 126 ff. No. 4 to 9.
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on November 28, 2009 in this version .