Kleinheubach

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 43 '  N , 9 ° 13'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Lower Franconia
County :	Miltenberg
Management Community :	Kleinheubach
Height :	128 m above sea level NHN
Area :	9.5 km 2
Residents:	3731 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	393 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	63924
Area code :	09371
License plate :	MIL, OBB
Community key :	09 6 76 132
Market structure:	1 district
Market administration address :	Friedenstrasse 2 63924 Kleinheubach
Website :	www.kleinheubach.de
1st Mayor:	Thomas Münig ( SPD )
Location of the Kleinheubach market in the Miltenberg district

The Kleinheubach Castle of the Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg , aerial photo 2008

Kleinheubach is a market in the Lower Franconian district of Miltenberg and the seat of the Kleinheubach administrative association of the same name .

geography

Geographical location

Kleinheubach is located between Spessart and Odenwald in the Main Valley on the west bank of the Main across from Großheubach . The topographically highest point of the municipality district is located at 418  m above sea level. NN at the summit of the mountain "Auf der Höhe", west of Kleinheubach, the lowest is in the Main at 120.5  m above sea level. NN .

Extension of the local area

The district covers 949  hectares ; the market has no other districts. The municipal area consists of 500 hectares of forest (52.7%), 205 hectares of agricultural land (21.6%) and 214 hectares of settlement and traffic area (22.6%). This information corresponds to the status at the end of December 2008. The share of settlement and traffic areas has increased from 15.7% to 22.6% since 1980.

Neighboring communities

With the neighboring communities of Laudenbach (in the north-west) and Rüdenau (in the west), Kleinheubach has voluntarily formed an administrative community since 1976 . Großheubach is located on the opposite, eastern bank of the Main . Kleinheubach borders the district town of Miltenberg in the south and south-east .

Together with Großheubach, Kleinheubach has been forming a sub - center since May 2010 , the so-called dual center Heubach.

Surname

etymology

Kleinheubach takes its name from the Heubach , which flows into the Main in Großheubach . The addition of small should distinguish the place from the place of the same name on the opposite side of the Main.

Earlier spellings

Earlier spellings of the place from various historical maps and documents:

1281 Heidebach 1335 Heydbach 1420 small Heydebach 1465 Kleinheippach

1491 Cleinheydbach 1521 Kleyn Heupach 1819 Kleinheubach 1862 Klein-Heubach

history

Kleinheubach ("Heubach") in the Spessart map by Paul Pfinzing from 1594 (north is on the right)

Until the church is planted

The Heydebah settlement was first mentioned in a document in 877. Excavation finds, however, indicate a settlement as early as the Neolithic .

Kleinheubach was on the old road between Nuremberg and Frankfurt. A ford through the Main enabled a connection to the Eselsweg from Großheubach to Schlüchtern.

Kleinheubach was the neighboring settlement of the city of Wallhausen, which existed until 1247. Wallhausen was built on the ruins of the old town Roman fort on today's border between Kleinheubach and Miltenberg, after the Franks conquered the main valley in the 3rd century after the Alemannic storm. With the fall of Wallhausen, the economic and political rise of Kleinheubach began.

The place was a royal property and was administered by the count palatine . The Counts of Rieneck received it as a fief. Count Philip III. von Rieneck introduced the Reformation in Kleinheubach in 1556 .

The Counts of Erbach became new feudal lords in 1559 through succession . They built their residence, the Georgenburg , in Kleinheubach .

From 1560 on, Kleinheubach was the seat of a court of the Counts of Erbach. On a hill above the Main, a gallows was erected in 1561 , under which a witch was executed for the first time in 1619 . One of the original three stone pillars of this gallows still stands today.

During the Thirty Years War , Kleinheubach was destroyed by a major fire on April 24, 1627. Looting soldiers had started fires. The town hall and 40 houses burned down. At times the place was almost uninhabited.

In 1721, Prince Dominik Marquard zu Löwenstein-Wertheim acquired the rulership rights over Kleinheubach for 108,000 guilders. In place of the former Georgenburg he had his castle Löwenstein built.

19th and 20th centuries

With the Rhine Confederation Act of 1806, state sovereignty over Kleinheubach fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden . In the autumn of 1810 a triangular deal took place between the French Empire , the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Grand Duchy of Baden. Baden put its own territories at the disposal of France, which then passed them on to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in a state treaty dated November 11, 1810. The Hessian occupation patent dated November 13, 1810 and also included the "Heubach Office".

With the state treaty of June 30, 1816 between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Bavaria , Kleinheubach was ceded to Bavaria - together with the majority of the offices in Miltenberg and Amorbach .

The construction of the Main Valley Railway from 1874 to 1876 fell into the phase of industrialization . A press cloth factory went into operation in 1874, an iron foundry and machine factory in 1900.

In 1862 the Miltenberg district office was formed, with Kleinheubach on its administrative territory. As everywhere in the German Reich , the term district was introduced in 1939. Kleinheubach was now one of the 31 communities in the old Miltenberg district . On July 1, 1972, this merged with the district of Obernburg am Main to form the new district of Miltenberg .

A bridge over the Main has connected Kleinheubach with Großheubach since 1974.

As part of the territorial reform , the communities of Kleinheubach, Laudenbach and Rüdenau merged on January 1, 1976 to form an administrative community.

Population development

The number of residents has skyrocketed in two phases since the end of the Second World War . As a result of the integration of the displaced persons after 1945, the population grew by around half. New development areas caused a further increase, especially between 1987 and 1999.

Deadline Residents December 1, 1840 1605 December 1, 1871 1390 December 1, 1900 1461 June 16, 1925 1494 May 17, 1939 1501 September 13, 1950 2270 June 6, 1961 2335 May 27, 1970 2689

Deadline Residents May 25, 1987 2761 December 31, 1991 3125 December 31, 1995 3320 December 31, 2000 3480 June 30, 2005 3471 December 31, 2010 3522 December 31, 2015 3657 December 31, 2016 3693

(Data up to and including 1987 are based on censuses.)

Religions

Evangelical Parish Church of St. Martin

In Kleinheubach there is a Roman Catholic and an Evangelical Lutheran parish . Both maintain a church and a parish hall . According to the results of the 1987 census, 52.7 percent of the population were Catholic and 36.1 percent Protestant.

Since the Reformation in 1556, Kleinheubach was Protestant, while the villages in the area remained Catholic. The Catholic Princely House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg formed the nucleus of a small Catholic community in the 18th century, which celebrated its services in the castle chapel. The Catholic community grew due to the settlement of displaced persons after the Second World War. Since 1949 Kleinheubach has had a Catholic parish again.

A Jewish community existed in Kleinheubach until 1942. The place had Jewish residents since 1326 . In 1837 there were 145 Jewish residents, 9.2% of the population at that time. The town's Jewish cemetery dates from 1730 . The first synagogue is said to have been built around this time . A new synagogue was built on Gartenstrasse in 1808 and renovated in 1898. The synagogue was devastated during the November pogrom in 1938 and has been used for other purposes ever since. A memorial plaque mentions the synagogue, but does not go into this story. A ritual bath ( mikveh ) from the 19th century, which had served as a summer house since 1935, was renovated in 1991 and 1992.

politics

Market council

The market town council of Kleinheubach has 17 members: 16 honorary members and the mayor. The local elections on March 15, 2020 led to the following result for the composition of the voluntary market council:

Party / list	Share of votes	Seats
Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU)	16.1%	2
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)	36.0%	6th
Free voters Kleinheubach (FW)	24.7%	4th
We for Kleinheubach (WE)	23.2%	4th

mayor

Thomas Münig (SPD) was elected first mayor on March 29, 2020

The 37th Mayor of Kleinheubach was Stefan Danninger (FW) from 2008 to 2020

The 36th mayor of Kleinheubach was Kurt Schüßler (SPD) from 1990 to 2008

coat of arms

Kleinheubach has had its own coat of arms since the 19th century . The heraldic description reads: In silver on a golden three-mountain a golden armored red lion.

The lion can also be found in the family coat of arms of the princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg , who took over the rule of Kleinheubach in 1731 by buying it from the Counts of Erbach.

Culture and sights

museum

Former train station, now local museum and youth club

In the former station building of the railway station there is a small museum . The Heimat- und Geschichtsverein shows the historical development of the place and shows handicraft objects and items from local businesses, including the ceramic factory. Since 2010 there is also a picture gallery with a short vita of the respective mayors, all honorary citizens and well-known personalities of the market in the entrance area of ​​the museum.

Buildings

Löwenstein Castle

Löwenstein Castle

The castle of the princes of Löwenstein was built in the years 1721–1732 under Prince Dominik Marquard von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg in the baroque style. The Bamberg master builder Johann Dientzenhofer worked according to plans by Louis Remy de la Fosse . After damage in the Second World War, the Deutsche Bundespost rented most of the castle and turned it into a training facility. The castle has been a conference hotel for a few years. There is a vinotheque in an outbuilding .

St. Martin Church

The Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. Martin above the banks of the Main was built in the years 1706–1710 in the Baroque style. The owner was Count Philipp Ludwig von Erbach with his wife, Countess Albertine Elisabeth von Waldeck and Pyrmont. The coat of arms of the builder is located above the main entrance to the church. The current building is at least the third church on this site. The previous building was built in 1455. A church bell from an even older church has been preserved, which was cast in the 11th or 12th century.

The tower clock from 1707 bears the coat of arms of the former rulers of Kleinheubach. One of the coats of arms belonged to Philip the Elder, Count von Rieneck, who introduced the Reformation in Kleinheubach in 1556.

The artistic design of the church includes frescoes from the old church from 1455. A stone from the former Roman fort Altstadt is supposed to represent Hercules. The altarpiece shows the birth of Christ , a rare motif for an altar . The choir is halfway up with inlays of walnut lined. The richly decorated organ front is located above the altar . The organ is the work of the master organ builder Johann Christian Dauphin , who came from Thuringia and settled in Kleinheubach.

Other structures

Old Town Hall

The old town hall , a half-timbered building opposite the Church of St. Martin, dates from 1727 . The building was extensively renovated in 1984 and 2001/2002. The Red Cross has been housed there since 1974. Historical flood levels of the Main are marked on a corner pillar .

The Catholic Church of the Most Holy Trinity was built between 1954 and 1956 according to plans by the cathedral master builder Hans Skull . It has a triangular floor plan and a free-standing church tower . The church was renovated inside in 1986. In 1998 the church bells were renewed.

Architectural monuments

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Kleinheubach

Parks

The park of Schloss Löwenstein extends along the Main for about three kilometers to Miltenberg. It is open to the public, although the site is privately owned. You enter the park through the so-called lion gate. The sandstone lion figures lying on both sides over plinths are the work of the sculptor Heinrich Philipp Sommer (classicistic, referenced 1819).

Economy and Infrastructure

Scheurich on Gottlieb-Wagner-Strasse

There are almost 2,000 jobs in Kleinheubach.

One focus is the manufacturing industry. The Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing names twelve companies of the order of more than 20 employees for 2008 . These twelve companies had a total of 1,095 employees. The largest employer in the area is Scheurich GmbH & Co KG, which with around 350 employees produces ceramic planters and cachepots and sells them worldwide.

traffic

Kleinheubach is connected to the trunk road network by federal highway 469 . The federal road leads past the community as a bypass. The closest motorway connections to the A3 are Stockstadt (36 km) and Wertheim / Lengfurt (45 km). A bridge over the Main has been connecting the Kleinheubach and Großheubach markets since 1974 .

Kleinheubach is a stop on the Aschaffenburg – Miltenberg railway line . The trains of Westfrankenbahn drive Monday to Friday about once per hour in each direction on weekends about the two-hour clock . The former station building is used as a meeting place for young people, a local museum and as a club house.

The regional bus route 85 of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft am Bayerischen Untermain runs Monday to Friday .

The Main Federal Waterway does not play a role as a traffic route for Kleinheubach. Although the Heubach lock is on the Kleinheubach Main side, there is only one jetty for a canoe club in the local area. The inland port in Aschaffenburg is 36 km away. The official water level is in Kleinheubach with the measuring point number: 24064003. The water levels are automatically sent to the Aschaffenburg Waterways and Shipping Office for evaluation by remote data transmission . The measurement data and evaluations can be requested online from the Bavarian flood news service.

The Frankfurt airport is 77 km away, the regional airport Mainbullau 7 km away.

Long-distance cycle routes

The following cycle paths lead through the village :

• The 225 km long 3-country cycle route leads as a circular route through the triangle of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The route explores the Odenwald along the Mümling, Neckar and Main rivers.
• The German Limes Cycle Route leads from Bad Hönningen through Westerwald , Taunus and Odenwald to Regensburg, 818 kilometers away, and is based on the historical course of the Upper German-Raetian Limes .
• The Main Cycle Path leads from the two sources of the Main along the river to its confluence with the Rhine near Mainz . It has a total length of about 600 kilometers.
• The D-Route D5 (Saar-Mosel-Main) . It leads over 1,021 kilometers from Saarbrücken via Trier, Koblenz, Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Würzburg and Bayreuth to the Czech border.

education

In Kleinheubach there is a primary school with 419 pupils (in the 2008/2009 school year) and two day-care centers with 168 children (2009).

A school association with the municipalities of Laudenbach and Rüdenau has existed since 1969. Since the school year 2010/2011, the Kleinheubach school association has formed a middle school association with the Amorbach school association and the Großheubach market. Realschule, grammar school and vocational school are located in Miltenberg.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Aloys zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1871–1952), President of the Central Committee of German Catholics
• Karl zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1904–1990), President of the Central Committee of German Catholics
• Heinrich Jäger (April 13, 1901– September 14, 1983), Mayor 1945–1966
• Franz Frömel (January 11, 1922– September 7, 1997), Catholic pastor 1964–1996
• Bernhard Holl (May 9, 1927– April 2, 2011), mayor 1978–1990, Kleinheubach's first full-time mayor 1984–1990

Sons and daughters of the church

• Heinrich von Hinckeldey (1793–1852) cavalry officer of the Grand Ducal Baden
• Konstantin zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1802–1838), aristocrat and publicist
• Constantin von Waldburg-Zeil (1807–1862), Prince of Waldburg zu Zeil and Trauchburg, royal Württemberg nobleman
• Wilhelm Völker (1811–1873), painter
• Joseph von Schork (1829–1905), Roman Catholic Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Bamberg from 1890 to 1905
• Wilhelm Kahl (1849–1932), German legal scholar and politician ( DVP ), MdR , President of the German Lawyers' Association
• Michael von Braganza (1853–1927), Portuguese pretender to the throne
• Aloys zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1871–1952), President of the Central Committee of German Catholics
• Karl zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1904–1990), President of the Central Committee of German Catholics
• Jakob von und zu Eltz (1921–2006), President of the Rheingau Wine Growers Association
• Helmut Kahlert (1927–2009), social scientist and clock historian
• Norbert Walter (1944–2012), professor and director at the Institute for the World Economy, spokesman for Deutsche Bank Frankfurt
• Herma Koehn (* 1944), actress and radio play speaker
• Torsten Fenslau (1964–1993), music producer and disc jockey

Oddities

A "Hanjörg" was an untrained, poorly armed mercenary , a clumsy fellow. Since October 1, 1790, the Kleinheubacher are called "Hanjörche". Emperor Leopold II moved with his entourage from Vienna through the Main Valley to the coronation in Frankfurt . It was a great honor for each village to accompany “Die Krone” through their municipality. The Löwenstein Court Chancellor von Hinckeldey stood ready with 30 grenadiers and 90 citizens to take over the escort . “Make way or there will be a bloodbath” shouted the 1000 men from the Elector's Mainz soldiers and several hundred Miltenberg citizens and insulted the Kleinheubacher. They tried to get to the crown wagon to at least symbolically exercise their rights. They were verbally abused and pushed back with punches and rifle butts. On the way back, the mostly drunk Miltenbergers rioted to the castle, insulted the prince, smashed windows and mocked the Kleinheubacher with their nickname : "The Hanjörche only wear women aprons!"

literature

• L. Ewald: Contributions to regional studies . In: Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1862.
• Bernhard Holl: On the local history of Kleinheubach . Local history and history association Kleinheubach, 2000, OCLC 802663165
• Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893.

Web links

Commons : Kleinheubach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Homepage of the Kleinheubach market
• Entry on the coat of arms of Kleinheubach  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• History of the Jewish Community
• Kleinheubach: Official statistics of the LfStat
• Kleinheubach in the location database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bavarian State Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing: Statistics communal 2009. A selection of important statistical data for the Kleinheubach market. Munich 2010.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 118–119 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
4. ↑ Ewald, p. 68.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Kleinheubach Commune - Chronicle. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 3, 2011 ; Retrieved February 12, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ Felix Mader (ed.): The art monuments of Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg, district office Miltenberg . Reprint of the 1917 edition. Oldenbourg, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-486-50472-X , p. 156 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed February 13, 2011]).
7. ^ Barbara Dölemeyer: Pictures as signs of the old law. The Frölich Collection . In: Rechtsgeschichte, journal of the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History . No. 4 . Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 264-268 ( PDF, 631 kB ).
8. ^ Text (in French) in: Schmidt, p. 34ff, note 114.
9. ↑ Schmidt, p. 34.
10. ↑ Schmidt, p. 38.
11. ↑ Ewald, p. 68.
12. ↑ ^{a b} Municipality of Kleinheubach: Grüß Gott. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 27, 2011 ; Retrieved February 4, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
13. ^ Alemannia Judaica: The synagogue in Kleinheubach (Miltenberg district). Retrieved February 4, 2011 . 
14. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 155.
15. ↑ Kleinheubach Commune: Judenbad. Retrieved February 6, 2011 . 
16. ↑ Local council election Kleinheubach 2020, results , accessed on August 24, 2020
17. ↑ Run-off election for the mayor. Retrieved May 3, 2020 . 
18. ↑ “Honoring Significant People”, Main-Echo, November 30, 2010. Accessed February 6, 2011 . 
19. ^ Open churches Bavaria: Kleinheubach - Evang.-Luth. Parish Church of St. Martin. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 3, 2010 ; Retrieved February 5, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
20. ↑ Dauphin organ history. Retrieved February 5, 2011 . 
21. ↑ Kleinheubach Commune: Old Town Hall. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 3, 2011 ; Retrieved February 4, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
22. ↑ ^{a b} Kleinheubach - business location. Retrieved February 4, 2011 . 
23. ↑ Kleinheubach - structural data, commercial areas and commercial real estate. Retrieved February 4, 2011 . 
24. ^ Flood news service Bavaria , accessed on February 15, 2011.
25. ^ "Honorary citizenships for the nobility", Main-Echo from August 25, 2008. Retrieved on February 6, 2011 . 
26. ^ Werner Trost: Stampes, Worzelköpp and Staffelbrunzer. District Miltenberg 2003.