List of Japanese regents
List of Japanese regents for emperors ( sesshō and kampaku ) and shoguns ( shikken ).
Tennō
antiquity
In the early days of Japan, rule for a minor ruler was usually exercised by his mother, who ruled as empress until he came of age.
A special case of the Asuka period is the "reign" of Shōtoku Taishi († 622), who - nominally also Crown Prince - ruled in agreement with his aunt, the Empress Suiko (r. 592-628).
| regent | Term of office | Ruler |
|---|---|---|
| Shōtoku Taishi (聖 徳 太子) | 593-622 | Suiko (推 古) |
| Naka no Ōe (中 大兄 皇子) | 645-668 | Saimei (斉 明) |
| Kusakabe no Miko (草 壁 皇子) | 681-689 | Tenji (天 武) |
Sesshō and Kampaku
Sesshō denotes a guardian for underage Japanese Tennō. Kampaku is a "consultant". The offices were mutually exclusive.
see main article: Japanese Regent
Heian period (794–1185)
The last period of "direct" power exercised by the court. However, this was largely in the hands of the heads of the Fujiwara families .
| Sesshō | Kampaku | Term of office | Tennō |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fujiwara no Yoshifusa (804-872) | 858-872 | Seiwa | |
| Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891) | 872-880 | Seiwa, Yōzei | |
| Fujiwara no Mototsune | 880-890 | Yōzei, Kōkō , Uda | |
| Fujiwara no Tadahira (880-949) | 930-941 | Suzaku | |
| Fujiwara no Tadahira | 941-949 | Suzaku, Murakami | |
| Fujiwara no Saneyori (900–970) | 967/6 / 22-969 | Reizeiooeno | |
| Fujiwara no Saneyori | 969-970 | En'yu | |
| Fujiwara no Koretada (924-972) | 970-972 | En'yu | |
| Fujiwara no Kanemichi (925–977) | 972-977 | En'yu | |
| Fujiwara no Yoritada (924-989) | 977-986 | En'yu, Kazan | |
| Fujiwara no Kaneie (929-990) | 986-990 | Ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Kaneie | 990/5 / 5–990 / 5/8 | Ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Michitaka (953-995) | 990/5 / 8-990 / 5/26 | Ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Michitaka | 990-993 | Ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Michitaka | 989-995 | Ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Michikane (961-995) | 995/4 / 28-995 / 5/8 | Ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Michinaga (966-1028) | 1016-1017 | Go-ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Yorimichi (990-1074) | 1017-1019 | Go-ichijō | |
| Fujiwara no Yorimichi | 1019-1067 | Go-Ichijō, Go-Reizei | |
| Fujiwara no Norimichi (997-1075) | 1068-1075 | Go-Sanjō , Shirakawa | |
| Fujiwara no Morozane (1042–1101) | 1075-1086 | Shirakawa | |
| Fujiwara no Morozane | 1086-1090 | Horikawa | |
| Fujiwara no Morozane | 1090-1094 | Horikawa | |
| Fujiwara no Moromichi (1062-1099) | 1094-1099 | Horikawa | |
| Fujiwara no Tadazane (1078–1162) | 1105-1107 | Horikawa | |
| Fujiwara no Tadazane | 1107-1113 | Toba | |
| Fujiwara no Tadazane | 1113-1121 | Toba | |
| Fujiwara no Tadamichi (1097–1164) | 1121-1123 | Toba | |
| Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1123-1129 | Sutoku | |
| Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1129-1141 | Sutoku | |
| Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1141-1150 | Konoe | |
| Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1150-1158 | Konoe, Go-Shirakawa | |
| Konoe Motozane | 1158-1165 | Nijō | |
| Konoe Motozane | 1165-1166 | Rokujō | |
| Fujiwara no Motofusa | 1166-1172 | Rokujō, Takakura | |
| Fujiwara no Motofusa (1144-1230) | 1172-1179 | Takakura | |
| Konoe Motomichi | 1179-1180 | Takakura | |
| Konoe Motomichi | 1180-1183 | Antoku | |
| Matsudono Moroie (1172-1238) | 1183-1184 | Antoku | |
| Konoe Motomichi | 1184-1186 | Antoku, Go-Toba |
Kamakura and Ashikaga shogunates, Sengoku period (1185–1600)
In terms of power politics, the court lost more and more importance and later only had a ceremonial function. The regents came from the five lines of the Fujiwara go-sekke within which the position rotated. Since 1221, the appointment of a regent required the approval of the shogunate.
| Sesshō | Kampaku | Term of office | Tennō |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kujō Kanezane | 1186-1191 | Go-Toba | |
| Kujō Kanezane | 1191-1196 | Go-Toba | |
| Konoe Motomichi | 1196-1198 | Tsuchimikado | |
| Konoe Motomichi | 1198-1202 | Tsuchimikado | |
| Kujō Yoshitsune | 1202-1206 | Tsuchimikado | |
| Konoe Iezane | 1206 | Tsuchimikado | |
| Konoe Iezane | 1206-1221 | Tsuchimikado, Juntoku | |
| Kujō Michiie | 1221 | Chūkyō | |
| Konoe Iezane | 1221-1223 | Go-Horikawa | |
| Konoe Iezane | 1223-1228 | Go-Horikawa | |
| Kujō Michiie | 1228-1231 | Go-Horikawa | |
| Kujō Norizane | 1231-1232 | Go-Horikawa | |
| Kujō Norizane | 1232-1235 | Shijō | |
| Kujō Michiie | 1235-1237 | Shijō | |
| Konoe Kanetsune | 1237-1242 | Shijō | |
| Konoe Kanetsune | 1242 | Go saga | |
| Nijō Yoshizane | 1242-1246 | Go saga | |
| Ichijō Sanetsune | 1246 | Go saga | |
| Ichijō Sanetsune | 1246-1247 | Go-Fukakusa | |
| Konoe Kanetsune | 1247-1252 | Go-Fukakusa | |
| Takatsukasa Kanehira | 1252-1254 | Go-Fukakusa | |
| Takatsukasa Kanehira | 1254-1261 | Go-Fukakusa, Kameyama | |
| Nijō Yoshizane | 1261-1265 | Kameyama | |
| Ichijō Sanetsune | 1265-1267 | Kameyama | |
| Konoe Motohira | 1267-1268 | Kameyama | |
| Takatsukasa Mototada | 1268-1273 | Kameyama | |
| Kujō Tadaie | 1273-1274 | Kameyama | |
| Kujō Tadaie | 1274 | Gouda cheese | |
| Ichijō Ietsune | 1274-1275 | Gouda cheese | |
| Takatsukasa Kanehira | 1275-1278 | Gouda cheese | |
| Takatsukasa Kanehira | 1278-1287 | Gouda cheese | |
| Nijō Morotada | 1287-1289 | Go-Uda, Fushimi | |
| Konoe Iemoto | 1289-1291 | Fushimi | |
| Kujō Tadanori | 1291-1293 | Fushimi | |
| Konoe Iemoto | 1293-1296 | Fushimi | |
| Takatsukasa Kanetada | 1296-1298 | Fushimi | |
| Takatsukasa Kanetada | 1298 | Go fushimi | |
| Nijō Kanemoto | 1298-1300 | Go fushimi | |
| Nijō Kanemoto | 1300-1305 | Go-fushimi, go-nijō | |
| Kujō Moronori | 1305-1308 | Go-nijō | |
| Kujō Moronori | 1308 | Hanazono | |
| Takatsukasa Fuyuhira | 1308-1311 | Hanazono | |
| Takatsukasa Fuyuhira | 1311-1313 | Hanazono | |
| Konoe Iehira | 1313-1315 | Hanazono | |
| Takatsukasa Fuyuhira | 1315-1316 | Hanazono | |
| Nijō Michihira | 1316-1318 | Hanazono, Go-Daigo | |
| Ichijō Uchitsune | 1318-1323 | Go-Daigo | |
| Kujō Fusazane | 1323-1324 | Go-Daigo | |
| Takatsukasa Fuyuhira | 1324-1327 | Go-Daigo | |
| Nijō Michihira | 1327-1330 | Go-Daigo | |
| Konoe Tsunetada | 1330 | Go-Daigo | |
| Takatsukasa Fuyunori | 1330-1333 | Go-Daigo, Kōgon | |
| Konoe Tsunetada | 1336-1337 | Kōmyō | |
| Konoe Mototsugu | 1337-1338 | Kōmyō | |
| Ichijō Tsunemichi | 1338-1342 | Kōmyō | |
| Kujō Michinori | 1342 | Kōmyō | |
| Takatsukasa Morohira | 1342-1346 | Kōmyō | |
| Nijō Yoshimoto | 1346-1358 | Kōmyō, Sukō , Go-Kōgon | |
| Kujō Tsunenori | 1358-1361 | Go-Kōgon | |
| Konoe Michitsugu | 1361-1363 | Go-Kōgon | |
| Nijō Yoshimoto | 1363-1367 | Go-Kōgon | |
| Takatsukasa Fuyumichi | 1367-1369 | Go-Kōgon | |
| Nijō Moroyoshi | 1369-1375 | Go-Kōgon, Go-En'yū | |
| Kujō Tadamoto | 1375-1379 | Go-En'yu | |
| Nijō Morotsugu | 1379-1382 | Go-En'yu | |
| Nijō Yoshimoto | 1382-1388 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Konoe Kanetsugu | 1388 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Nijō Yoshimoto | 1388 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Nijō Yoshimoto | 1388 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Nijō Morotsugu | 1388-1394 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Ichijō Tsunetsugu | 1394-1398 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Nijō Morotsugu | 1398-1399 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Ichijō Tsunetsugu | 1399-1408 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Konoe Tadatsugu | 1408-1409 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Nijō Mitsumoto | 1409-1410 | Go-Komatsu | |
| Ichijō Tsunetsugu | 1410-1418 | Go-Komatsu, Shoko | |
| Kujō Mitsuie | 1418-1424 | Shoko | |
| Nijō Mochimoto | 1424-1428 | Shoko | |
| Nijō Mochimoto | 1428-1432 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Ichijō Kanera | 1432 (74 days) | Go-Hanazono | |
| Nijō Mochimoto | 1432-1433 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Nijō Mochimoto | 1433-1445 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Konoe Fusatsugu | 1435-1447 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Ichijō Kanera | 1447-1453 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Takatsukasa Fusahira | 1454-1455 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Nijō Mochimichi | 1455-1458 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Ichijō Norifusa | 1458-1463 | Go-Hanazono | |
| Nijō Mochimichi | 1463-1467 | Go-Hanazono, Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Ichijō Kanera | 1467-1470 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Nijō Masatsugu | 1470-1476 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Kujō Masamoto | 1476-1479 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Konoe Masaie | 1479-1483 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Takatsukasa Masahira | 1483-1487 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Kujō Masatada | 1487-1488 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Ichijō Fuyuyoshi | 1488-1493 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Konoe Hisamichi | 1493-1497 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Nijō Hisamoto | 1497 | Go-Tsuchimikado | |
| Ichijō Fuyuyoshi | 1497-1501 | Go-Tsuchimikado, Go-Kashiwabara | |
| Kujō Hisatsune | 1501-1513 | Go-Kashiwabara | |
| Konoe Hisamichi | 1513-1514 | Go-Kashiwabara | |
| Takatsukasa Kanesuke | 1514-1518 | Go-Kashiwabara | |
| Nijō Korefusa | 1518-1525 | Go-Kashiwabara | |
| Konoe Taneie | 1525-1533 | Go-Kashiwabara, Go-Nara | |
| Kujō Tanemichi | 1533-1534 | Go-Nara | |
| Nijō Korefusa | 1534-1536 | Go-Nara | |
| Konoe Taneie | 1536-1542 | Go-Nara | |
| Takatsukasa Tadafuyu | 1542-1545 | Go-Nara | |
| Ichijō Fusamichi | 1545-1548 | Go-Nara | |
| Nijō Haruyoshi | 1548-1553 | Go-Nara | |
| Ichijō Kanefuyu | 1553-1554 | Go-Nara | |
| Konoe Sakihisa | 1554-1568 | Go-Nara, Ōgimachi | |
| Nijō Haruyoshi | 1568-1578 | Ōgimachi | |
| Kujō Kanetaka | 1578-1581 | Ōgimachi | |
| Ichijō Uchimoto | 1581-1585 | Ōgimachi | |
| Nijō Akizane | 1585 | Ōgimachi | |
| Toyotomi Hideyoshi | 1581-1591 | Ōgimachi, Go-Yōzei | |
| Toyotomi Hidetsugu | 1591-1595 | Go-yozei |
Edo period (1600–1868)
| Sesshō | Kampaku | Japanese spelling | Term of office | Tennō |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kujō Kanetaka (1553-1636) | 九 条 兼 孝 | January 23, 1600-1604 | Go-yozei | |
| Konoe Nobutada (1565-1614) | 近衛 信 尹 | 1605-1606 | Go-yozei | |
| Takatsukasa Nobufusa (1565-1658) | 鷹 司 信 房 | 1606-31. January 1609 | Go-yozei | |
| Kujō Yukiie (1586-1665) | 九 条 幸 家 | 1609-1612 | Go-Yōzei, Go-Mizunoo | |
| Takatsukasa Nobuhisa (1590-1621) | 鷹 司 信 尚 | 1612-1615 | Go-Mizunoo | |
| Nijō Akizane (1556-1619) | 二条 昭 実 | 1615-1619 | Go-Mizunoo | |
| Kujō Yukiie | 1619-1623 | Go-Mizunoo | ||
| Konoe Nobuhiro (1599-1649) | 近衛 信 尋 | 1623-1629 | Go-Mizunoo | |
| Ichijō Akiyoshi | 一条 昭 良 | 1629 | Go-Mizunoo | |
| Ichijō Akiyoshi (1605–1672) | 1629-1635 | Meishō (♀) | ||
| Nijō Yasumichi (1607–1666) | 二条 康 道 | 1635-1647 | Empress Meishō, Go-Kōmyō | |
| Kujō Michifusa (1609–1647) | 九 条 道 房 | 1647 | Go-Kōmyō | |
| Ichijō Akiyoshi | from May 2, 1647 | Go-Kōmyō | ||
| Ichijō Akiyoshi | 1647-10. November 1651 | Go-Kōmyō | ||
| Konoe Hisatsugu (1622-1653) | 近衛 尚 嗣 | January 18, 1652-1653 | Go-Kōmyō | |
| Nijō Mitsuhira (1625-1683) | 二条 光 平 | 1653-1663 | Go-Kōmyō, Go-Sai | |
| Nijō Mitsuhira | 1663-1664 | Round dance | ||
| Takatsukasa Fusasuke (1637–1700) | 鷹 司 房 輔 | November 14, 1664-1668 | Round dance | |
| Takatsukasa Fusasuke | 1668-26. March 1682 | Round dance | ||
| Ichijō Kaneteru (1652–1705, = Uchifusa) | 一条 兼 輝 | April 1, 1682-1687 | Round dance | |
| Ichijō Kaneteru | 1687-1689 | Higashiyama | ||
| Ichijō Kaneteru | 1689-21. February 1690 | Higashiyama | ||
| Konoe Motohiro (1648-1722) | 近衛 基 熙 | 1690-1703 | Higashiyama | |
| Takatsukasa Kanehiro (1660-1725) | 鷹 司 兼 熙 | 1703-1707 | Higashiyama | |
| Konoe Iehiro (1667-1739) | 近衛 家 熙 | 1707-1709 | Higashiyama | |
| Konoe Iehiro | 1709-1712 | Nakamikado | ||
| Kujō Sukezane (1669-1730) | 九 条 輔 実 | 1712-1716 | Nakamikado | |
| Kujō Sukezane | 1716-1722 | Nakamikado | ||
| Nijō Tsunahira (1672–1732) | 二条 綱 平 | 1722-1726 | Nakamikado | |
| Konoe Iehisa (1687–1737) | 近衛 家 久 | 1726-1736 | Nakamikado, Sakuramachi | |
| Nijō Yoshitada (1689–1737) | 二条 吉 忠 | 1736-1737 | Sakuramachi | |
| Ichijō Kaneyoshi (1693–1751) | 一条 兼 香 | 1737-25. January 1747 | Sakuramachi | |
| Ichijō Michika (1722–1769) | 一条 道 香 | 1747-1747 | Sakuramachi | |
| Ichijō Michika | 1747-1755 | Momozono | ||
| Ichijō Michika | 1755-1757 | Momozono | ||
| Konoe Uchisaki (1728–1785) | 近衛 内 前 | 1757-1762 | Momozono | |
| Konoe Uchisaki | 1762-1772 | Empress Go-Sakuramachi , Go-Momozono | ||
| Konoe Uchisaki | 1772-17. March 1777 | Go-momozono | ||
| Kujō Naozane (1717–1787) | 九 条 尚 実 | 1777-1779 | Go-momozono | |
| Kujō Naozane | 1779-1785 | Kōkaku | ||
| Kujō Naozane | 1785-1787 | Kōkaku | ||
| Takatsukasa Sukehira (1738–1813) | 鷹 司 輔 平 | 1787-1791 | Kōkaku | |
| Ichijō Teruyoshi (1774-1832) | 一条 忠良 | 1791-1795 | Kōkaku | |
| Takatsukasa Masahiro (1761-1840) | 鷹 司 政 熙 | 1795-1814 | Kōkaku | |
| Ichijō Tadayoshi (1774-1832) | 一条 忠良 | 1814-1823 | Kōkaku, Ninkō | |
| Takatsukasa Masamichi (1789–1868) | 鷹 司 政通 | 1823-1856 | Ninkō, Kōmei | |
| Kujō Hisatada (1798–1871) | 九 条 尚 忠 | 1856-1862 | Kōmei | |
| Konoe Tadahiro (1808–1898) | 近衛 忠 熙 | 1862-1863 | Kōmei | |
| Takatsukasa Sukehiro (1807–1879) | 鷹 司 輔 熙 | March 12, 1863-31. January 1864 | Kōmei | |
| Nijō Nariyuki (1816–1878) | 二条 斉 敬 | January 31, 1864–1866 | Kōmei | |
| Nijō Nariyuki | until January 3, 1868 | Meiji |
Modern
The only modern ruler, also known as Sesshō, was Hirohito , who led the government for his insane father, the Taishō- Tennō.
Shoguns
Shikken
The Shikken (Japanese 執 権) was the regent for the Shogun in the Kamakura Shogunate . The post was hereditary in the Hōjō clan.
see main article: Shikken
- Hōjō Tokimasa (1138–1215) officiated: 1203–1205
- Hōjō Yoshitoki (1163-1224) officiated: 1205-1224
- Hōjō Yasutoki (1183–1242) officiated: 1224–1242
- Hōjō Tsunetoki (1224–1246) officiated: 1242–1246
- Hōjō Tokiyori (1227–1263) officiated: 1246–1256
- Hōjō Nagatoki (1229–1264) officiated: 1256–1264
- Hōjō Masamura (1205–1273) officiated: 1264–1268
- Hōjō Tokimune (1251–1284) officiated: 1268–1284
- Hōjō Sadatoki (1271–1311) officiated: 1284–1301
- Hōjō Morotoki (1275-1311) officiated: 1301-1311
- Hōjō Munenobu (1259–1312) officiated: 1311–1312
- Hōjō Hirotoki (1279-1315) officiated: 1312-1315
- Hōjō Mototoki (? –1333) officiated: 1315
- Hōjō Takatoki (1303-1333) officiated: 1316-1326
- Hōjō Sadaaki (1278-1333) officiated: 1326
- Hōjō Moritoki (? –1333) officiated: 1327–1333
literature
- Gerhild Endreß, Hans Dettmer (Ed.): Japanese government and administrative officials of the 8th-10th centuries. Century; Wiesbaden 1995/2000, 2 volumes, ISBN 3-447-04308-3 (A) (List of all holders of the third court rank and higher and thus all of the above office holders.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Shokyuki: Account of that War 1221; Monumenta Nipponica 1964, p. 163