Melchnau

Melchnau
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Bern (BE)
Administrative district :	Oberaargau
BFS no. :	0333
Postal code :	4917
Coordinates :	631 391  /  225903 coordinates: 47 ° 11 '0 "  N , 7 ° 51' 10"  O ; CH1903:  six hundred thirty-one thousand three hundred ninety-one  /  225903
Height :	481  m above sea level M.
Height range :	489–748 m above sea level M.
Area :	10.28  km²
Residents:	1517 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	148 inhabitants per km²
Mayor :	Ulrich Jäggi ( SVP )
Website:	www.melchnau.ch
The church and school house shape Melchnau's townscape
Location of the municipality

Melchnau (in the Bernese dialect Mäuchnou [ mæuxnou ]) is a medium-sized political municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Melchnau is also the name of the local, Reformed parish and the civic community .

geography

Melchnau is located in Oberaargau in the Swiss plateau and borders the canton of Lucerne . The majority of the village is located in the valley of the Dorfbach, the left tributary of the Rot (Murg) . The community is 10.28 km ^{2 in} size, almost a third of the area of ​​the community, 3.19 km ² is forested. In 2014, 57.4% of the municipal area was agricultural land.

The neighboring communities are Langenthal ( Untersteckholz district ), Busswil bei Melchnau , Madiswil , Reisiswil , Gondiswil , Grossdietwil and Altbüron .

In addition to the actual village, the village includes the hamlets / farms Gibel / Staldacker, Lauperen, Äschere, Widen, Ischerhubel and Bodmen / Blenggen.

population

Population development

Population development of Melchnau from 1850–2018
year	1850	1860	1870	1880	1888	1900	1910	1920	1930	1941	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2018
Residents	1478	1480	1547	1579	1491	1347	1344	1371	1323	1444	1529	1511	1495	1443	1504	1669	1540	1517

Population composition

At the end of 2018, there were 751 men and 766 women in Melchnau. Of these, 1290 had Swiss citizenship. As of 2019, 62% of the population (947 people) belonged to the Evangelical Reformed Church and 13.2% (202 people) to the Roman Catholic Church. For 24.8% (379 people) the denomination was "other". The population share of 0–19 year olds was 21.3%, 56% were 20–64 years old and 22.7% were older than 65 years.

history

The oldest written mention of Melchnau comes from the year 1100. In the 12th century, the village belonged to the barons of Langenstein , who appeared in 1194 as the founders of the St. Urban monastery and soon died out. The noble family had their seat on the Schlossberg, which has been in existence since 10/11. Century was inhabited.

Castle courtyard with protective structure on the Grünenberg castle ruins, Melchnau

Their main heirs, the barons of Grünenberg with their ancestral seat Grünenberg on the Schlossberg, mentioned for the first time in 1248 , shaped the history of eastern Oberaargau in the 13th and 14th centuries . In the middle of the 15th century, in two steps from 1444 and 1480, the dominions of Grünenberg and Langenstein fell to Bern.

Modern times

Aerial photo from 3000 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1923)

After the Reformation (1528) the pastor acted as a representative of the Bernese authorities; but he could not prevent the Melchnauer from taking the side of the Lucerne and Emmental rebels in the Peasants' War (1653). A Melchnau ringleader was finally executed in Aarwangen , others escaped to Alsace.

In the village itself, later conflicts between the hereditary farmers and the Taunern , who revolved around the free grazing of the small cattle, intensified. Working from home in canvas manufacture, mostly in the service of a publisher , provided the Tauners with an additional income. However, this early industry fell into crisis in the first half of the 19th century. Since Melchnau's population doubled from 730 to almost 1500 at the same time, a large part of the population became impoverished.

Jakob Käser (1806–1878) became an outstanding personality in the village, as an educated modernizer who gave many impulses for social and economic development. Around 1831 he initiated a reading association, later an agricultural association and a society for forest and fruit tree cultivation. In order to provide the poor in the village with new earnings - also as an alternative to emigration - the non-profit industrial society was established in 1852. In this way, the straw weaving in Melchnau gained a foothold, later the production of coconut mats and carpets. With the establishment of the cheese dairy (1843), the dairy industry had also taken off.

In 1924 Emil Reinhard (1880–1969) founded the Melchnau AG carpet factory, the leading industrial company in the village (it was taken over in 1986 by the Langenthal upholstery weaving mill ). The factory owner Reinhard was also involved in founding the savings and loan fund Melchnau (1941), together with farmers and tradespeople. On the other hand, the labor movement also formed in Melchnau. The former farming village thus developed into an economically diverse community.

Agriculture, however, retained a high priority, especially during the two world wars: an agricultural cooperative was established as early as 1917.

Consolidation of goods

Memorial for the consolidation of goods from 1944 to 1952 on the Guger.

From 1940 onwards, agriculture was rationalized throughout Switzerland as part of the Election Plan . Melchnau was one of the first hill communities to take on this undertaking, but also to find work for soldiers returning from the borders. The amalgamation of goods in Melchnau between 1944 and 1952 served this purpose . In 1944 a farm cooperative was founded, which on the one hand upgraded the arable land and on the other merged and redistributed the widely scattered parcels. With a total budget of CHF 1,706,000, the village stream below the village was corrected or channeled, the vineyard was drained with drainage so that the areas could be used as arable land and various paths were rebuilt. With the exception of the village stream, all of the municipality's waters were overturned over their entire length. In addition, the water mats below the Dorfbach am Dorfbach and the Rot were lost. While the 169 farms owned an average of 4.7 parcels of land before the merger (793 agricultural parcels in total), thanks to the merger, the average was reduced to 1.7 parcels per farm (375 agricultural parcels in total). During the work, 2,800 fruit trees changed hands and three farming families relocated from the village to the Bodmen. Within three years the dairy cooperative processed 200,000 kg more milk and 10 more wagons of grain could be delivered. Melchnau benefited from cantonal and federal subsidies amounting to 75% and was able to create the lawn and sports field at the school building as part of the consolidation of goods. In 1940/41 Melchnau housed a contingent of around 400 Polish soldiers who had been interned in Switzerland and were employed as construction and agricultural workers. The Poles gave the village a well with a sculpture of a woman from Melchnau donating water to a soldier.

The Poland Fountain in Melchnau

In 1975 the Cyclo-cross World Championships for cyclists was held in Melchnau .

economy

traffic

The road to Langenthal was laid out in 1838; 1843–45 followed the road to Altbüron , 1861/62 that to Gondiswil . From 1885 a horse mail ran to Langenthal twice a day; it was replaced in 1917 by an electric narrow-gauge railway, the Langenthal-Melchnau Railway . Passenger traffic on the St. Urban Ziegelei – Melchnau section was discontinued in 1982 and replaced by a direct bus service to Langenthal. With the bus line the travel time could be shortened from 23 to 14 minutes and the village could be better developed. The railway line was used for freight traffic and occasional nostalgic special trips until 2012, before the line was dismantled in 2016 after the concession expired.

Agriculture

Melchnau is characterized by agriculture, especially arable farming and dairy farming. Today there are still 35 farms in the village. As in all other places, the number of farmers has been declining for a long time. In 1944 169 farmers took part in the consolidation of goods, so in 1955 there were still 128 full-time farmers, in 1965 still 104 and 1972 still 84 farms. A dairy cooperative has existed in Melchnau since 1843, which annually cheeses and processes around 3.5 million kilograms of milk into Emmentaler AOP and its own cheese and dairy specialties.

Water mats

View of the Wässermatten Melchnau, a landscape of national importance.

Several family businesses manage the Melchnauer Wässermatten in the Rottal , which with over 12 hectares form the largest contiguous water meadows that are still managed in the canton of Bern. The water mats are part of the federal inventory of landscapes and natural monuments of national importance worthy of protection and have been particularly protected by the cantonal development regulations since 2018.

Energy and communication

From 1904 the community was supplied with electricity by the Wynau electricity company (in whose capital it had participated in 1903). Until then, the village stream, which was used to power a sawmill, a mill and an oil press, was the only source of mechanical energy.

After a telegraph connection had already been established around 1872, Melchnau was also connected to the telephone network in 1898. In 1977 the Melchnau television cooperative put a community antenna into operation, which was connected to the Langenthal facility in 1986.

Energy city of Melchnau

In March 2018, the municipality was awarded the " Energy City " label for its commitment to the efficient use of energy, the promotion of renewable energy and its commitment to climate protection . The municipality owes the award, among other things, to the three private heating associations, which use wood chip heating systems to ensure 25% of the municipality's heating requirements. In addition, with part of the concession fees, the municipality supports production facilities for renewable energies.

coat of arms

Melchnau coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver a green floating six-mountain (1: 2: 3 mountains)"

The municipal coat of arms corresponds to that of the Barons von Grünenberg, which is documented in numerous coats of arms and seals. This makes the Melchnau coat of arms one of the oldest in the region: As early as 1280, the Sechsberg was depicted floating below on a St. Urban brick ornament. The Sechsberg was used several times in the community, on the bell from 1620 or the communion jug from 1696. It was not until January 27, 1945 that the local council approved today's blazon, until this point in time the community did not use an official coat of arms. The coat of arms of the municipality of Eriswil , a floating green Sechsberg on a red background, shows the old belonging to the Grünenberg family

Community of residents

Politics and elections

The highest body of the community is the community assembly, which usually takes place twice a year and is chaired by the community president. The municipal council, as the executive branch, consists of the council president and four other members who work on a voluntary basis and each chair one or more commissions. The municipal administration is headed by the full-time municipality clerk.

Three political parties are currently active and represented in the municipal council, namely the Swiss People's Party , the Social Democratic Party and the Evangelical People's Party . The municipal council is composed as follows: 2 seats SVP, 1 seat SP, 1 seat EPP, 1 seat independent (SVP list).

Melchnau's majority vote is right-wing, as the evaluation of the voting shares of the various parties shows.

Melchnau voter share parties in national and grand council elections
choice	SVP 1	SP 1	BDP	FDP 1	Green 1	GLP 1	EPP 1	EDU 1	CVP	other
National Council elections 2019	44.1%	13.8%	8.3%	8.7%	8th %	7.3%	4.7%	1.4%	1 %	2.7%
Grand Council elections 2018	36.6%	22.1%	12.5%	6.2%	5.3%	2.1%	9.2%	2.5%	0%	3.5%
National Council elections 2015	44.3%	7.6%	13.2%	8.6%	6.9%	4.3%	5.1%	0.9%	0.3%	8.8%
Grand Council elections 2014	41%	15.7%	13.4%	7.4%	5.9%	3.2%	10.3%	2.4%	0%	0.7%
National Council elections 2011	40.3%	15.6%	17.2%	5.1%	4.7%	3.8%	8.4%	2%	0.6%	2.3%
Grand Council elections 2010	38.6%	15.1%	14.2%	8.2%	5.3%	2.7%	9.9%	2.6%	0%	3.4%

¹ total if started with several lists.

In the context of community autonomy, the community of Melchnau has expanded its services over time: It built a first schoolhouse in 1821, set up the electrical street lighting in 1904 and a municipal water supply in 1922, opened a swimming pool (1928), built a kindergarten (1949), a Gym (1963) and a civil defense system (1974–76). The community also takes care of road maintenance, sewage disposal and rubbish collection. Individual services - namely the fire brigade , sewage disposal and social services - are provided together with neighboring communities.

Civic community

Since the elimination agreement of 1867, the civic community has been completely separated from the residential community . The Allmend was distributed to the citizens entitled to use it in 1873, but the forest remained in the possession of the civic community.

Melchnau family coat of arms

Several families with their home town of Melchnau have a family coat of arms, which can be found in the collection of the Bern State Archives.

Coats of arms of families with the hometown of Melchnau
coat of arms	family name	First time use	Baling	In the community since	Number of people who lived in the village in 1837	Number of people who lived in the village in 2000
	Evil	1767 as a sandstone relief on the Käserstock	In blue with a red sloping bar above a green three-mountain, a silver ploughshare crowned with a gold six-pointed star, next to each a gold star of David.	before 1570	37	0
	Duppenthaler	1963	A golden jug in blue.	before 1570	53	42
	Jenzer	1829	A natural shamrock in gold on a green mountain of three.	before 1570	55	24
	Jufer	around 1800	In blue three gold stars arranged in a triangle and a lying crescent moon.	before 1570	86	26th
	Cheese maker	1848 as a template for a seal for Jakob Käser	In gold, a black cheese kettle hung over a red fire.	since 1651	40	1
	Leibundgut	sD	A man in red over a green mountain of three, above ("body"), in a silver robe, holding a golden purse ("good"), on the left a gold star.	before 1570	125	51
	Leuenberger	1728 as the coat of arms on the former Löwenstock, Schmittenhubel-Strasse	In blue, a half-increasing lion over half a silver mill-wheel.	since 1620	115	56
	Roth	sD	A red bar in silver, two above it, including a red rose with a golden inflorescence and green sepals.	before 1570	102	36
	Scherer	1969	A pair of silver open scissors in red over a green six-point.	since 1696	12	7th
	Schulthess	1930	Two diagonal black Schultheissen sticks in red, in between four white roses with golden inflorescence and green sepals.	before 1570	97	34

Parish

Until the Reformation, Melchnau belonged to the parish of Grossdietwil, together with today's communities of Busswil , Reisiswil , Gondiswil (Canton Bern) and Fischbach , Altbüron , Grossdietwil (Canton Lucerne). This in turn was part of the deanery Wynau and the diocese of Constance . At Grünenberg Castle there was the St. George Chapel , the last priest of which was appointed in 1470 and was reserved for the lords of the castle and their servants.

The first village church of its own was built in 1509 on a spur of the expiring Schlossberg, presumably it was furnished with the relics of the abandoned castle chapel. With the Bern Reformation , today's parish of Melchnau was created, consisting of the four Bern villages of Melchnau, Gondiswil, Reisiswil and Busswil.

Today's church from 1710

Church and rectory Melchnau 1824, colored aquatint by Jakob Samuel Weibel. Archive of the civic community of Bern.

Church, rectory and parish hall of Melchnau, April 2020.

In 1709 today's church was built under the direction of the Bern master craftsman Abraham Dünz II, presumably with the stones and on the foundation of the previous church. The church was erected after a good 3.5 months and the first sermon was delivered on August 25th. The church was inaugurated on February 2nd, 1710 with a sermon on 1 Peter 2: 5: " And you too, as living stones, build yourselves up into a spiritual house and holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices that are pleasing to God through Jesus Christ . " - 1 Peter 2,5  LUT

The Melchnau Church is a typical Protestant preaching hall and extremely modest both inside and out. The Bätterkinden church, which was built in 1664 under the direction of Abraham Dünz I , could have served as a model . The choir of the church faces northeast, while the entrance front with a canopy thrones west over the village. The coats of arms on the Melchnau church windows are unique: The founders include two Catholic donors, namely Abbot Malachius Glutz of the St. Urban Monastery and the provost of the Canons' Monastery of St. Michael Beromünster . Even 180 years after the Reformation, the communities still seemed to be in contact. In addition, there are coats of arms of the cities of Zofingen and Burgdorf , the neighboring village of Madiswil (with a right-hand mower ), the state of Bern and the mayor of Bern Johann Friedrich Willading , the governor of Aarwangen Hieronymus von Erlach and Johann Rudolf von Wurstembergerder and the pastor Johann Jakob Nüschiker, who preached in Melchnau around 1709.

The baptismal font was created by Antoni Stab in 1582 and retained in the new church. The Melchnau baptismal font is " the most important post-Gothic baptismal font in Switzerland. Stab skillfully combined the elements of the ruling late Gothic with those of the Renaissance ". The Stabs monogram is affixed to the sandstone baptismal font, next to it the year 1709, which was added when the new church was transferred. In addition, the Bern bear and the Sechsberg of the Grünenberger are chiseled in several times . The baptismal font is in the middle of the choir today.

For the church, a new communion table was created in 1710 , which was donated by the former pastor Heinrich Steinegger (1668–1679 Predicant in Melchnau). The outside of the table bears the coat of arms of Steineggers, a billy goat walking upright, and inside the slogan: " Out of love for his old gmein / adored this table by Stein / Joh. Heinrich Steinegger preacher here ". The baroque but simple pulpit also dates from the year of construction .

As is usual in the other Reformed churches, the church of Melchnau was not initially equipped with an organ . At the end of the 18th century, the singing of the community was supported by trumpets , as Jakob Käser wrote in the "topographical, historical and statistical representation of the village of Melchnau". Apparently an organ was purchased as early as 1843, but the community could not satisfy it. In 1847 Niklaus Weber from Huttwil built the second Melchnau organ. The organ company Kuhn from Männedorf built a new organ into the case of this same organ in 1900, and in 1950 the case was massively redesigned. The organ case was corrected again during the renovation in 1993/94 and modeled on the original organ prospectus.

A roof turret is placed on the roof of the church, in which the three bells are located, and a clock face is attached to the north and south.

Parish and parish hall

Since the parish only came into being after the Reformation, the parish did not own any beneficiaries with whose income the pastors could be paid. In 1557, for example, the state of Bern bought a house called Hof and Spycher, which, however, were outside the village. It was not until 1749–1751 that today's rectory with the striking stepped gable was built. On the west side, in the direction of the village, was the parish barn, which was lost due to arson in 1954. Since 1965 the parish rented the parish barn and used it as a parish hall. In 2001, the parish bought the entire property from the canton of Bern. The church, the parish and parish hall and the granary in between are now cultural assets of regional importance and protected.

• 

  Communion jugs, left jug from 1712, right jug from 1696

• 

  Last supper table from 1710, donated by Heinrich Steinegger, former pastor.

• 

  Choir with neo-Gothic baptismal font, communion table and baroque pulpit

• 

  View into the choir from the gallery

• 

  On the left the coat of arms of the city of Burgdorf, on the right the coat of arms of the bailiff of Aarwangen Johann Rodolf von Wurstemberger

• 

  On the left the coat of arms of Madiswil with right mower (!), On the right the coat of arms of the city of Zofingen

• 

  On the left the "religious" of St. Urban, on the right the disc from 1510 with the donors of the St. Urban monastery.

• 

  Above: Window of the "Hoch Lobliche [n] Stand Bern". Middle left: The coat of arms of the mayor Johann Friedrich Willading. Middle right: The coat of arms of Hieronimus von Erlach, governor of Aarwangen. Below: The coat of arms of the preacher Johann Jakob Nüschiker (pastor during the new building).

• 

  Newer disc of the state of Bern.

• 

  Newer disc, sower of the Evangelical Reformed Church in Bern.

• 

  Double window by Beromünster "Probst and CAPITUL Hoch-Adelicher Stift zu Münster im Ergüw 1709". Top left a canon with a model of the Beromünster church, top right a canon with a deed of donation ("Diploma Dotationis")

• 

  Baptismal font from 1582, moved from the old church to the new church from 1709.

• 

  Organ prospect as it was in 1994

Schärme retirement and nursing home

An initiative committee had been planning the construction of a retirement and nursing home since 1969, in which the pastor Dähler was also represented. In 1972, after previous collections at a village festival and donations, including from the carpet factory, a building plot was acquired on Stämpfligasse. The house was built in 1975/76, and the Melchnau parish was responsible for the building. The new old people's and light care home was inaugurated as early as 1976. To this day, supervision is the responsibility of the Melchnau Retirement Home Association.

school

history

The first Melchnau schoolmaster was mentioned in writing as early as 1638. The village's first public school was located in the so-called "Pfisterhaus"; the house was located on the current playground of the school complex. Lessons took place in a gloomy room on the ground floor; 12 children could have sat on the stove at the same time. Directly above was the teacher's apartment, with a barn and barn in the back of the house. In 1821 the first real schoolhouse was built, with two classrooms and two teacher's apartments, it was significantly larger than the previous one. When the canton of Bern introduced compulsory schooling in 1831, significantly more children attended school; in 1850 there were around 330 children who were taught in four classes.

The schoolhouse, now known as the "old schoolhouse", was built in 1879 after the schoolhouse from 1821 burned down the previous year. The imposing, three-story house is a typical building between classicism and historicism and is classified as a K-object worth protecting.

In 1963 the "new schoolhouse" was built with the gym and work rooms in the basement.

School operation

Approx. 190 children from Melchnau and Busswil near Melchnau are taught by around 30 teachers in nine mixed classes. The two kindergartens, which also belong to the school, are located in Oberdorf (Kirchfeld) and above the Liebu bakery. The school is under the supervision of the five-person school commission, in which the municipality of Busswil near Melchnau has a seat. Together with the communities Gondiswil , Reisiswil and Obersteckholz forms the Melchnau the Irated Association (integration and Special measures) Z ollaboration B pecial M ACTIONS O beraargau Ost (ZBMO). The school management in Melchnau heads the ZBMO while the school commission in Melchnau supervises the IBEM association.

The secondary level 1 has been fully taught in Melchnau since August 2008. The three upper school classes are taught according to model 3b (mirror).

Secondary schools are attended in Langenthal (vocational schools, technical secondary schools , grammar schools ).

Culture and leisure

Melchnauer song

The Melchnauer song, which tells of an oversized cow, was probably written at the beginning of the 19th century. This should have put her hind legs on the Bodmen and the front legs on the Guger so that she could be milked. The milk was then collected in the Mühli pond. When a tailor once fell into the Milchsee, he reappeared in a ball of butter at the flax break in autumn.

There are apparently four different versions of the song, a Auswiler version, an Obersteckholzer version, a Melchnau version and the old version as printed by Alfred Häusler in 1920. The Aussiler and Obersteckholzer versions, which would hardly differ, would have primarily served to tease the people of Melchnau.

Text of the old Melchnauer song (after Alfred Häusler, around 1920)
I once heard a fairy tale I give it undamaged here Degree as i received it. It is a place in the canton of Bern Adjacent to the canton of Lucerne In the Aarwangen District Office. Melchnau it is dubbed And is so picturesquely decorated Especially with Schmidten. It's called old time ago E grossi chue to eige gha In the Guger and in the Bodme.	To Melche het si must stah The front case in the Guger ha The rear hienide (in the Bodme) Dert above the Mühlirain Dert het si must be mulche In the morning and at the top. Bir Mühli is a Weyer gsi Where to find the Chue het gmulche dri Instead of in a bucket. Once it was up to you It's a Schnider i Weyer geheit That was a great evil.	Druf where you s'Müller's hot in autumn The break is hey gha, the greatest, It's no good You are at the morning snack on the stick, The cutter in the anchor Au umegfunge again. And you would give the occasion The name z'gä for the Melchnau By the way of the chue, Dennzmol is a lot of broken gsi From me e, e, (Bock) Schniderli And from the anchors.	The Liedli hani nid thought up It has brought me an ear At the bottom of the Emme To Kirchberg a de Stross in Bern. And if you don't think so, what is färn for you And cha green over it.

outdoor pool

Melchnau outdoor pool, built in 1928 with a view of the Schlossberg

As early as 1873, the community wanted a "cold-water bathing establishment" and was included in the minutes of the reading club. Apparently, construction began in 1896, the civic community provided wood and stone while the local community took on 300 francs building costs. As early as 1906, doubts were being voiced that the income from operating the open-air swimming pool would not cover the costs incurred. In 1928 the bathing facility was built at its current location, outside the upper village. Melchnau thus had one of the first outdoor swimming pools in the canton.

Attractions

See also : List of cultural assets in Melchnau

Personalities

• Christine Blum (* 1958), City Councilor and Grand Councilor (SP)
• Agnes Müller (* 1977), squash player

literature

• Jakob Käser: Topographical, historical and statistical representation of the village and district of Melchnau in its relationship to the past, present and future . Langenthal 1855 ( books.google.de ).
• August Plüss: Free from Grünenberg and Langenstein . In: Swiss Heraldic Society (ed.): Genealogical manual for Swiss history . Volume I: High nobility . Printed and published by Schulthess & Co., Zurich 1904, p. 278–289 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
• Lukas Wenger u. a .: Melchnau on the way . Book for the anniversary Melchnau 900 years. Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 2000.

photos

• 

  Entering the village from Reisiswil

• 

  Oberdorf with half-timbered houses. Right edge of the picture Restaurant Linde, behind it a former saw

• 

  Former farmhouse from 1812, built on a vaulted cellar from 1608

• 

  Old school building built in 1879, between classicism and historicism

• 

  Excursion destination at Pauli, directly above the Äschere (Melchnau) -Pauli (Madiswil) ravine

• 

  Typical memory of the early 19th century (1803), careful restoration in 1995

• 

  Monument to the consolidation of goods from 1944 from 1952 on the Guger

• 

  Arrangement in the exhibition Kunst am Schlossberg 2018

• 

  Classicist residential storey on the outskirts, originally a unit with the neighboring double family farmhouse

• 

  One of the oldest houses in Oberaargau, built in 1558. From 1574 tavern law.

• 

  Restaurant Linde Oberdorf

Web links

Commons : Melchnau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality of Melchnau
• Book for the anniversary 900 years of Melchnau. Lukas Wenger's website
• The barons of Grünenberg. Lukas Wenger's website
• Anne-Marie Dubler : Melchnau. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent resident population from STAT-TAB of the BfS , municipalities see also regional portraits 2020 on bfs.admin.ch, accessed on May 29, 2020
2. ↑ Place names book of the canton of Bern, volume I / 3. University of Bern, p. 224 , accessed on April 19, 2020 . 
3. ^ Population level and structure (finances) Finance Directorate - Canton of Bern. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Melchnau parish, Gondiswil parish, Reisiswil parish, Busswil parish. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
5. ^ Civic communities of the canton of Bern. (PDF) Directorate for Home Affairs and Justice of the Canton of Bern, accessed on April 20, 2020 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Space, Environment (Finance) Finance Directorate - Canton of Bern. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
7. ↑ Melchnau in numbers. April 16, 2019, accessed April 19, 2020 . 
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Lukas Wenger: Melchnau on the way . Merkur Druck AG Langenthal, Melchnau 2000.
9. ^ Population level and structure (finances) Finance Directorate - Canton of Bern. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
10. ^ Population level and structure (finances) Finance Directorate - Canton of Bern. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
11. ↑ ^{a b} Melchnau in numbers. April 16, 2019, accessed on April 19, 2020 (German). 
12. ^ Federal Statistical Office: Municipalities. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
13. ↑ entry in the "Liber Heremi" (Signature KAE, A.CB.2) , Stiftsarchiv the monastery Einsiedeln, accessed on January 10 of 2010.
14. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Tanner: The merging of goods in Melchnau (1944–1952) . Ed .: Yearbook of Oberaargaus. tape 57 . Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 2014.
15. ^ ^{A b} Johann Flückiger: The consolidation of goods in Melchnau . In: Jahrbuchkomitee des Oberaargaus (Hrsg.): Jahrbuch des Oberaargaus 1959 . tape 2 . Merkur AG, Langenthal 1959.
16. ↑ Rottaler BahnTrail. Retrieved April 20, 2020 . 
17. ^ Emil Wälchli: 50 years of the Waldhof agricultural school . Ed .: Yearbook Association Oberaargau. Fritz Kuert AG, Langenthal 1973.
18. ↑ Our cooperative. Accessed April 28, 2020 (German). 
19. ^ Samuel Kappeler: Cantonal development regulations Wässermatten explanatory report. (PDF) In: Justice, Community and Church Directorate of the Canton of Bern. Justice, Community and Church Directorate of the Canton of Bern, June 18, 2018, accessed on April 28, 2020 . 
20. ↑ Energy / Energy City. April 17, 2019, accessed on April 19, 2020 (German). 
21. ↑ Unter-Emmentaler: Melchnau is now one of 400 energy cities . Schürch Druck, Huttwil August 2, 2018.
22. ↑ Plüss, 1904, p. 180.
23. ↑ Samuel Herrmann: The coats of arms of the communities in the district of Aarwangen . In: Yearbook Association Oberaargau (Ed.): Yearbook Oberaargau . Ninth year. Herzogenbuchsee 1966, p. 139 ff .
24. ↑ Municipal Council. February 11, 2019, accessed on April 20, 2020 (German). 
25. ↑ Elections (elections & votes) State Chancellery - Canton of Bern. Retrieved April 20, 2020 . 
26. ↑ ^{a b c} Family coat of arms (State Archives) State Chancellery - Canton of Bern. Retrieved April 20, 2020 . 
27. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Walter Gfeller: 300 years of Melchnau Church . Ed .: Melchnau parish. Schürch AG printing company, Huttwil 2010.
28. ↑ Reformation in Oberaargau | Oberaargau. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
29. ↑ Church. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
30. ^ Staff, Antoni. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
31. ↑ Melchnau Church, Melchnau parish hall. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
32. ↑ B objects. Retrieved April 19, 2020 . 
33. ↑ Werner Balmer: "Schärme" - Melchnau retirement and light care home . Ed .: Yearbook Association Oberaargau. tape 24 . Merkur AG, Langenthal 1981, p. 237 ff .
34. ^ ^{A b} Forum Melchnau: The school. (PDF) Forum Melchnau, 2011, accessed on April 20, 2020 . 
35. ↑ Bauinventar online (culture) Education and Culture Directorate - Canton of Berne. Retrieved April 20, 2020 . 
36. ↑ News - Melchnau School. Retrieved April 20, 2020 . 
37. ↑ ^{a b} Daniel fighters: The fabulous cow from Melchnau . Ed .: Yearbook of Oberaargaus. tape 54 . Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 2011, p. 175 ff .