Werleshausen manor

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Coordinates: 51 ° 19 ′ 26 ″  N , 9 ° 55 ′ 0 ″  E

Map: Germany
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Werleshausen manor​
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Germany
The castle-like mansion, built in 1556 after a fire on medieval remains

The manor Werleshausen is made up of medieval derived time manor with a castle as a mansion in joke Hausen district Werleshausen in Werra-Meissner in Hessen . The castle-like main building in the Renaissance style is a nationally known structural symbol of Werleshausen.

location

The estate and castle are located in the Witzenhausen district of Werleshausen to the east of the Werra , in the Lindewerra- Werleshäuser Schlingen natural area on the western edge of the Eichsfeld . The tri-border region of Hesse-Lower Saxony-Thuringia lies about six kilometers to the north-northeast . The former estate is located in the southern part of the village about 150 m from the Werra in the corner of the streets An der Junkerscheune and Am Rasen and faces west towards Hesse with the entrance and the castle front. A Werra bridge leads directly to the property.

history

It is assumed that the round tower was built around the end of the 12th century. The cellar with a catacomb-like vault and the meter-thick walls of the first floor probably date from around 1280. The minimum assumption of a permanent house or a small low castle is certainly not wrong. It is uncertain whether the von Hanstein family, mentioned for the first time in a document , can be considered the builder. It can be safely assumed that the fortified system was used to control this area of ​​the Werra Valley, the Werra and its fishing , as well as the trade route on the western side of the river on which salt was transported north from Bad Sooden-Allendorf .

The Hansteiners already owned lands in Werleshausen in 1336, which were supposed to serve to expand their core holdings around Hanstein Castle to the Werra. The squire Johann von Hanstein reversed this year, "a free yard in her village Wederoldeshusen" (Wiederolshausen that this name with slurring far contributed to the 17th century) to a Bertold of Boykendorf and his wife Hedwig against another court in Gerwardeshausen. Somewhat astonishing, they already called Werleshausen “their village” at that time, because it was not until 1355 that the von Hanstein family acquired half a tenth and four hooves in Werleshausen as a pledge from T (h) ilo von Wikenand and Lotze from Witzenhausen ; they buy the rest of the village from the Lords of Worbis , Conrad and Friedrich von Worbez . Two years later, on 30 November 1357, they are from Fulda abbot Heinrich von Craluc with the village Werleshausen and Worbis purchased goods invested .

To finance their land acquisitions, they sold their part of the village of Ermeswede, including the Fulda church loan, the towns of Stiedenrode and Blickershausen , to the von Berlepsch von Ziegenberg brothers as early as 1350 .

In 1540 there was a fire that completely destroyed the upper parts of the fortress house. Only the sandstone walls of the house and the tower remained. Traces of fire should still be found in the cellar vault.

From 1556, a castle-like property in the Renaissance style with two corner towers and a bay window was rebuilt on the remains of the old walls . Amazingly, however, the house coat of arms shows the year 1565. It may have taken nine years for the property to be rebuilt. Merten von Hanstein the owner of the newly built property, named in 1537 with three brothers Burchart, Lippold and Curt in a document from the Mariengarten monastery, was the elder of the family in 1575 and held the day of refusal from June 16 to 18 , when the vassals were summoned and formally theirs Fiefs were confirmed.

Between 1577 (marriage) and his death in Kassel on March 2, 1601, Melchior von Hanstein and his wife Ange (Agnes) von Berlepsch were announced in Werleshausen. Melchior v. H. was brought from Kassel to Werleshausen and buried here.

In the Thirty Years' War Werleshausen and the estate, now called the manor and manor , were devastated and burdened with debts, so that after returning home from the war, the heir Curd (t) Christian von Hanstein only accepted an inheritance with debt relief . Amazingly, from the line of Hanstein zu Besenhausen , who now committed themselves to fiefdoms of the Electorate of Mainz . Fulda did not dare to insist on his old rights. In 1683 Curd (t) Christian von Hanstein zu Werleshausen was still in possession of the manor. At that time the property covered an area of ​​10 Hufen. Later 40% were sold to the bourgeois economist Siebert.

In a comparison of September 17, 1734, an owner of the manor is named to us, with the somewhat unusual name Liborio Friedrich von Hanstein from Rottenbach, Rabenrode, Besenhausen, Friedland , Wiesenfeld and Werleshausen along with his wife Sophie Elisabeth von Mengersen , whom Adam von Hanstein von Sachsen-Coburg paid 1,400 thalers for "various errors". The mantle of history rests on the reasons for this.

Owned for centuries by those who went from Hanstein with the marriage of Christoph Andreas Franz Xaver Ladislaus of Christians (1795-1878), a Hungarian nobleman and Dean of the Medical Faculty in Budapest, probably in a second marriage in 1840 with Caroline Friederike Charlotte Ernestine Wilhelmine von Hanstein possession to those of Christians. One of the two children was Hermann von Christen , a member of the Land and Reichstag of the Free Conservative Party (from 1871 also the German Reich Party ), heir and owner of the manor and died here. His three sons inherited the manor in equal parts in 1919.

Todays use

More difficult cultivation of the arable and green areas mostly on the slope, lower yields and the laborious maintenance of the listed buildings led to the fact that the farm was leased from 1937. Well-known tenants of the property have been the Block, Sell, Müller and Sackmann families since 1937, these from 1953 to 1965, then a tenant community from Ellershausen and, from 1994, the von Schnehen family .

Building description

View from the west from the entrance over the open space to the manor house with tower

The manor comprised the manor from 1556 and several outbuildings at right angles to it. The rectangular main house, roughly seven to three axles, consists of a solidly walled basement and cellar as well as two upper floors made of half-timbered construction and a saddle roof . The windows are irregularly set as twin windows. The house has two octagonal corner towers that reach the roof with their points , opposite one another at the northeast and southwest corners of the castle building, also in half-timbered with pointed arch windows and tracery panels and with a baroque hood . At the north-western corner is the two-storey rectangular bay window in half-timbered construction, cantilevered twice and with beveled edges, on the western, spiral-shaped console stone of which the year "1556" is carved and is now backed with white paint. The early Gothic portal in the entrance to the ground floor hints at the Gothic roots of the transition from the 13th to the 14th century.

The half-timbered structure of the mansion is three compartments high on both floors . The thresholds are profiled with a bead . In the parapet area of the first floor there are two St. Andrew's crosses next to each other as filling in the windowless compartments , on the floor above steep footbands are built in throughout . The St. Andrew's crosses were probably installed in all compartments in the past, but were obviously removed when the windows were changed. Struts in the framework are built into the corners of both floors and have top and bottom struts that cross each other. A chest bolt originally ran through both floors and was profiled with a round bar. Some of it is still preserved today.

The round tower facing west is the oldest part of the property. With the new building in the 16th century, the tower, probably the last part of the new building, was given a third half-timbered floor and also a baroque hood and, long without a defensive function, its top only barely extends beyond the eaves of the mansion. It was converted into a stair tower with a built-in spiral staircase and only serves as access to the individual floors.

The Renaissance portal on the tower shows an alliance coat of arms of Merten (Diede) von Hanstein (coat of arms heraldic right: three, actually black, left-facing increasing crescents (2: 1 divided) on a silver shield; crest: with black and silver covers one (actually) silver column with three black and two silver cock feathers, which is surrounded by two black crescent moons turned outwards.) and his wife Margret (Margarethe) von der Hauben (coat of arms: a silver slanting bar surrounded by two slanting silver lilies; helmet ornament: up the helmet with red-silver blankets, a red-clad body of a Moor amidst two silver buffalo horns.), both of whose names are stamped on the coat of arms. In Carl von Hanstein's gender and document book, the wife's name is still given as Margarethe von Dene , tw. is also called by Diede, but it is probably just the abbreviation VDH for von der Hauben . The coat of arms, however, can be clearly assigned to the coat of arms of those from the hoods . Below is the German and Latin profane text “WEZ GOD VEZDZAVT / HAT WOL GEBAVBT / V * D * M * I * E * 1 * 5 * 6 * 5”, analogous to “Whoever trusts God has built well, verbum domini manet in eternum ( aeternum ) 1565 ".

On April 18, 1971, the large barn burned down on the left side of the yard . In 1976, on the opposite side, the cowshed, which had only been built in 1905, collapsed . As a result of these two events, the current view of the property, which is a listed building in its entirety, corresponds again to the situation before 1850.

literature

  • Carl Philipp Emil von Hanstein: Documented history of the von Hanstein family in the Eichsfeld in Prussia (province of Saxony) together with document book and gender tables , reprint (original from 1856/1857), Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 2007, ISBN 978-3 -936617-39-9 (page numbers in the references after the reprint) ( excerpts online )
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of German art monuments , (edit.) Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf: Hessen I: administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel . Volume 15a, Munich 2008
  • Heinrich Lücke: Castles, palaces and mansions in the area of ​​the lower Werra , Issue 1, Verlag Lücke, Parensen 1924, pp. 53–56

Web links

Commons : Rittergut Werleshausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d History of the manor , Werleshausen website, accessed on October 28, 2016
  2. ↑ Carl von Hanstein: Documented history of the family of von Hanstein in the Eichsfeld in Prussia (province of Saxony) together with document book and gender tables , p. 549
  3. ↑ a b Werleshausen, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of June 9, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on October 28, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Allocation unclear, the closer Gerbershausen in Eichsfeld or the Gerwardeshausen deserted area ( Gerwardshausen, Werra-Meißner-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hesse (as of April 7, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessisches Landesamt für geschichtliche Geography (HLGL), accessed on 28 October 2016 . ) at Marzhausen be meant.
  5. ↑ (edit.) Albert Huyskens: The monasteries of the landscape on the Werra: Regesta and documents , monastery archives , In series: Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse and Waldeck , Verlag Elwert, Marburg 1916, Regest No. 1451
  6. ↑ That is around 120 acres and thus around 360,000  m² of land.
  7. ↑ Stiedenrode, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of March 15, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on October 28, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Carl von Hanstein: Documented history of the family of von Hanstein in the Eichsfeld in Prussia (Province of Saxony) together with the document book and gender tables , p. 446 f.
  9. ↑ Carl von Hanstein: Documented history of the von Hanstein family in the Eichsfeld in Prussia (Province of Saxony) together with the document book and gender tables , p. 262
  10. ↑ Carl von Hanstein: Documented history of the family of von Hanstein in the Eichsfeld in Prussia (province of Saxony) together with the document book and gender tables , p. 889 ff.
  11. ↑ a b c d Carl von Hanstein: Documented history of the family of von Hanstein in the Eichsfeld in Prussia (province of Saxony) together with the document book and gender tables , p. 171 f.
  12. ↑ Carl von Hanstein: Documented history of the family of von Hanstein in the Eichsfeld in Prussia (Province of Saxony) together with the document book and gender tables , p. 187
  13. ↑ a b Christoph von Christen , website at www.myheritage.de , accessed on October 28, 2016
  14. ↑ Bike tour: Witzenhausen / Werra , göttinger stadtinfo , accessed on October 28, 2016
  15. ↑ a b c d e Werleshausen, mansion in the wiki of the project “Renaissance castles in Hessen ” at the Germanic National Museum
  16. ↑ a b For comparison: photo of the alliance coat of arms
  17. ↑ In the coat of arms of the Hanstein actually right-handed, in the alliance coat of arms the coat of arms is heraldically mirrored to the coat of arms opposite .
  18. ↑ roughly: "The words of the Lord are forever", but it can also be interpreted as a play on words and an allusion to a patriarchy : "The word of the master of the house is law"
  19. ^ Hans-Dieter von Hanstein: Hanstein Castle: on the 700-year history of a border fortress in Eichsfeld , Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-936617-48-1 . P. 140 ( excerpts online )