Ritterhaus Bubikon
The Ritterhaus Bubikon ( 508 m above sea level ) is a preserved former commander of the Order of St. John in the municipality of Bubikon in Switzerland. The Coming Party was founded between 1191 and 1198 and abolished in 1528 (Order) and 1789 (Coming). The buildings are considered to be the best preserved Johanniterkommende in Europe and have been owned by the Ritterhausgesellschaft Bubikon since 1938 , which maintains them and operates them as a museum.
history
Foundation, endowment
The exact date of the foundation of the Coming is unknown, but it must have been between 1191 and 1198. The foundation is evidenced by two undated documents and a picture of the founder in the Chapel of the Coming, which bears the year 1192. Traditionally, 1192 is therefore considered the year of foundation. John the Baptist was chosen as patron .
According to recent research, the foundation came about during an inheritance dispute between the Toggenburg families and "Neu" - Rapperswiler . In 1190 the highly free lords of "Alt" -Rapperswil died out in the male line. Various noble clans in the area registered their inheritance claims to the property and rights of the "old" Rapperswilers. In addition to, among others, the Wetzikon, Bonstetten , Regensberg and “Neu” -Rapperswil, the Toggenburgs also took over or occupied property from the inheritance.
Baron Diethelm V. von Toggenburg donated disputed goods in today's communities of Bubikon , Hinwil and Wetzikon to the monastery of St. Johann im Obertoggenburg, which he governed , in order to withdraw the goods from his competitors. Since there were apparently disputes between the heirs, Diethelm withdrew the property from the monastery and gave part of it, the court and the church of Bubikon, on the advice of Pope Coelestin III. the "Hospital of St. John on the other side of the sea", the Order of St. John to look after the poor.
After Diethelm von Toggenburg had awarded the building site and the church in Bubikon, the gentlemen from “Neu” -Rapperswil also transferred other controversial properties in Wangen, Hinwil and Winterthur to the Bubikon community, and a balance was reached between the two noble families. Thus, the Toggenburgers and the “new” Rapperswilers are to be seen as the families of the coming. The picture of the founder in the chapel, which was probably made around 1220, records the further circumstances of the foundation of the Coming House.
After lengthy disputes between the monastery of St. John and the Order of St. John, the Bishop of Constance , Konrad II of Tegerfelden , decided at the Lateran Council in December 1215 that the goods should remain with the Order of St. John, but that compensation should be paid to the St. John monastery have.
It is unclear whether Diethelm's presumed participation in the Third Crusade played a role in the foundation. The image plate of Diethelm V's table grave (1207/1450) from the Chapel of the Coming is now in the Swiss National Museum in Zurich. A cast is in the chapel in Bubikon.
Possessions
The core of the upcoming were the buildings near today's municipality of Bubikon, which have been built in several phases since the foundation. The goods of the coming were further expanded through purchase and donation, so came the parish churches of Tobel , Hinwil, Flaach , Wald ZH , Buchs ZH and Wangen ZH , goods in Aargau, the Vogtei via the Alt-Hellberg farm in Gossau ZH , other goods and rights in Hinwil and Dübendorf, Gut Gugger in Zollikon , the bailiwicks and courts in Ringwil (Hinwil), Wangen ZH and Hermikon . In Bubikon, Ringwil, Hinwil and Grüt (Wetzikon) the establishment of jurisdictions was successful. In 1287 the Coming was so wealthy that Commander Heinrich von Lichtensteig was able to buy up the rule of Wädenswil . From Bubikon, further commanderies were founded in Tobel (1226), Leuggern (before 1251), Wädenswil (after 1287) and Küsnacht to manage the extensive possessions , which later separated from Bubikon and became independent, with the exception of Tobel. The visitation report from 1495 gives detailed information about the possessions, the collatures and the income. At that time, Bubikon brought the order a net profit of 446 Rhenish gold guilders per year.
In the 16th century, the management of the goods was divided into two parts. A smaller part was looked after by an administrator from the city of Zurich. He was assigned the land ownership and rights in Buchs an der Lägern, Dietlikon, Dübendorf, Hermikon, Neerach, Regensberg, Richterswil, Wangen bei Dübendorf and in the city of Zurich of around 400 hectares. This land was given to peasants as an inheritance or hand-ten. The official building of the Order of St. John in the city of Zurich was first located at Kirchgasse 4 from 1314 onwards. In 1576, Komtur Adam von Schwalbach bought a private house at Limmatquai 4 for 1,600 guilders, which was then named "Weisses Kreuz". In 1618, the city of Zurich bought the administrative building, including the goods it managed from there, for 20,000 guilders, well below its value.
The more significant part of the possessions were administered by the governor in Bubikon. He oversaw the lower court, the tithe right in Buchs, Wangen and Brüttisellen as well as the collatures in Buchs and Wangen. He also collected interest and taxes in Bubikon and the surrounding area and ran the farm in the coming years. He farmed 254 Jucharten land directly. The governor was able to bring his products to market directly in Rapperswil, as the Johanniter had bought a house in Rapperswil in 1303 and thus the citizenship there.
When the Kommende 1789/90 was abolished, the Kommende comprised fiefs and property to the extent of 1948 Jucharten land. These came lower jurisdiction in Bubikon, Ringwil, Hinwil and Gruet , the Kollaturen in Bubikon, Hinwil and forest and other sovereign rights and tenth shares in 46 villages and 24 Erblehenshöfen.
Development under the rule of the City of Zurich
In 1408 the Kommende Bubikon came under the sovereignty of the city of Zurich as part of the Landvogtei Grüningen . After the Rapperswilers (1283) and the Toggenburgers (1436) died out, support from the local high nobility ceased to exist. The Johanniter therefore maintained strict neutrality in the Old Zurich War and tried to mediate between the parties. Nevertheless, the Kommende was sacked by the Schwyzers in 1443.
After the reorganization of the Order of St. John in the 15th century, the commander in Bubikon and Wädenswil were directly subordinate to the Grand Prior of Germany as Camerae priorales (German for "Tafelgut"), which is why from then on a third of the income from Bubikon was delivered to the seat of the Grand Prior in Heitersheim . Therefore, from 1445/1467 the Grand Prior of Germany was also Commander of Bubikon. In his absence, a conductor (custodian of monastic properties) administered the coming. The properties in and around Zurich were taken care of by an administrator who lived in an office in the city. The numerous legal disputes between the Kommende Bubikon, their subjects and rear passengers and the Zurich governor in Grüningen gave the city of Zurich sufficient space to expand its own sovereignty to the detriment of the Order of St. John. In 1493, with the mediation of Zurich, the so-called “house letter” was finally drawn up, which remained valid until 1798. In this lordship contract, the homage , inheritance and case relationships (feudal taxes to the manor), the court system, the marital property law and the seizure matters were regulated for the self-employed and subjects of Bubikon in 38 articles . From 1523 the Zurich Council then acted as an appeal body for the self-employed and subjects. Nevertheless, the Komturen managed to keep the Kommende Bubikon in a comparatively privileged position under the jurisdictions in the ruled area of the city of Zurich until 1798 . Thanks to a privilege granted by Emperor Charles IV in 1378, the Bubikon chapel was also considered a free site .
The convent of the order in Bubikon was first led by a prior, then after 1260 by a commander. According to 1367, it should include four priests and six lay brothers. In 1522 the later chronicler Johannes Stumpf was the prior of Bubikon when the Reformation under Zwingli began in Zurich . Stumpf joined the reform, but could not prevent chaotic conditions in the upcoming one. On April 22, 1525, the buildings in Bubikon and the neighboring monastery of Rüti were looted by insurgent farmers during the iconoclasm . In 1528 there was a conflict between Stumpf and the conductor from Bubikon, who adhered to the Catholic faith. Since then, the Coming has been under the supervision of the Zurich Council. It was not until 1532 that the Order of St. John got the coming back, but with the condition that a Reformed citizen of Zurich held the position of the conductor and the Kollaturparishes were filled by Reformed pastors, who had to be confirmed by the council. The inventories of the churches that were destroyed or sold during the Reformation had to be written off. Since then, Bubikon no longer had a convent , but the goods and income remained with the order. From 1532 to 1798 the Grand Prior of Germany leased the office of Bubikon conductor to citizens of Zurich. The conductor was in charge of the entire administration, carried out the bookkeeping for the Grand Priory in Heitersheim and exercised lower jurisdiction. In 1616 the order of the city of Zurich offered the Kommende Bubikon for purchase, but it could not raise the necessary capital. Only the office building in Zurich with its goods and the churches and courts of Buchs and Wangen changed to Zurich for 20,000 guilders.
Repeal and further history of the buildings
The final annulment of the coming took place on June 16, 1789, when the Grand Prior Johann Josef Benedikt von Reinach sold all of the goods, income and sovereignty rights in Bubikon for 100,000 guilders to the Zurich citizen Hans Georg Escher zu Berg am Irchel . In the following year he sold all dishes, collatures, interest rates, tithes etc. for 108,241 guilders to the city of Zurich, but kept the property and the knight's house - so he was able to make a considerable profit.
In the 19th century, the buildings of the commander changed hands several times. While individual parts of the building were divided into rental apartments, others served agricultural purposes. The conversion of the former chapel into a pigsty and a granary took place after the Reformation. The chapel's former choir was demolished in 1819. The stones and numerous grave slabs were used in the construction of the nearby Chämmoos spinning mill. Between 1873 and 1879, Catholic services were held in the apartment on the upper floor of the nave.
As the condition of the buildings deteriorated, the idea arose to set up a district poor house in the Ritterhaus, because it was hoped that the complex could be preserved as a whole. It was not until 1935 that the efforts to maintain and renovate the knight's house became more concrete. With the proceeds of an open-air performance attended by over 10,000 people as well as generous donations from companies, private individuals and the support of the Canton of Zurich, the Ritterhausgesellschaft Bubikon , founded in 1936, bought a large part of the building. Between 1938 and 1959, the buildings were renovated in several stages and some were restored to their original state. In Switzerland, the knight's house became known nationwide thanks to a model sheet from the educational publishing house of the teachers' association in Zurich.
The Ritterhaus Bubikon is a monument under federal protection. The history of the Commandery, the Order of St. John as well as the JJ Vogel weapons collection and the coin collection of the Paul Hotz heirs with coins of the Order of St. John / Maltese have been presented in a museum in one part of the building since 1941. The archive of the Coming is now in the State Archives Zurich under the signature C II 3.
Building history / building
The building history of the upcoming one has only just begun to be researched. The dating results from documents, inscriptions and dendrochronological samples. The original system was completed in the 16th century. In several stages, four originally free-standing buildings merged into a triangular complex that was surrounded by a wall.
Buildings of the former commander that still exist today (from the northwest):
- Neuhaus : This building is still a residential building today and is privately owned as it has not yet been acquired by the Ritterhausgesellschaft. A first part of the building was probably laid out in the 13th century as an extension of the brother house. In the 16th century the house was expanded further. Nothing is known about its use. The house has not yet been examined in detail. It has served as a residential building since the 19th century.
- Bruderhaus : The oldest building in the complex, essentially built around 1190. First served as a chapel, later to house the convent brothers. For this purpose it was raised by 1200 and extended to the east. In the 13th century there was an expansion towards the west. After the construction of a new brother house, this wing of the building was converted into an economic building. The ground floor served as a cellar, while supplies were stored on the upper floors (Schütte). A shed was built on the courtyard side, which was used to store wood.
- Chapel : The chapel (formerly also known as the "church") is currently the best-studied and documented part of the coming. The ship that still exists today was built at the end of the 12th century. A vestibule was added in the second half of the 13th century. The originally flat Romanesque choir was replaced at the beginning of the 14th century by a larger late Gothic choir. After the Reformation the chapel was used as a storage room. In the 17th / 18th In the 19th century, an intermediate floor was installed. The upper floor then served as a chute and for residential purposes. The ground floor was used as a shed, cellar and pigsty. The choir was canceled in 1819. In the mid-18th century, governor Scherrer had a suite of rooms installed in the vestibule of the chapel. These rooms - like the fixtures in the chapel - were removed during the renovation in the 1940s.
- The east-facing walls of the entrance hall to the unheated Ritterhaus chapel are covered with bacteria and algae that are caused by condensation processes in spring. These are to be regarded as responsible for the partial destruction of the wall frescoes. By closing all openings in the entrance hall and installing a controlled ventilation system, condensation on the walls in spring was avoided. The ventilation was operated in such a way that the outside air was only blown in if its absolute humidity was lower than that of the inside air during the critical period. The efficiency of the entire process has been proven by measurements. All investigations were carried out by the IABP (Institute for Applied Building Physics).
- Intermediate building chapel-Komturhaus / Schaffnerei : The chapel and the Komturhaus were connected to this building at the end of the 14th century. On the ground floor there is an open entrance hall, on the upper floor the conductors' shop, with living and office rooms for the conductor and later for the governor. The "blue room" built into the arbor in the 18th century was removed in 1943 along with the rooms above the vestibule of the chapel. Around 1570 this intermediate building was supplemented with the Komturhaus. After the Reformation, the Schaffnerei and Komturhaus were used jointly by the governor and referred to as the "residence" or "governorship". On the top floor there is a hall that is now known as the library.
- Komturhaus (formerly also the convent house ): This first free-standing building was built in the 13th century and at the time of Komtur Schwalbach around 1570 it was raised by another floor. The ground floor was probably first used as a horse stable, later as a trot and a warehouse. On the upper floors were representative halls that were designed according to the taste of the time. Renaissance paintings ("Schwalbachsaal") as well as panel paintings from around 1739 showing Zurich mansions and landscapes from the 18th century ("Grosse Hofstube" / "Komtursaal") have been preserved.
- Intermediate building Komturhaus-Schütte / New Brother House : This intermediate building was probably laid out in the 13th century as a new brother house under Commander Hugo von Montfort and later brought to the same level as the Schütte. In the 18th century there were rooms for the servants here.
- Schütte / Ritterhausflügel (formerly also incorrectly Commandery ): The Schütte, like the Komturhaus, was laid out as a free-standing, two-storey building in the 13th century. Stables were on the ground floor and the first floor served as a chute. Commander Hugo von Montfort had a chapter house built over it around 1430. Around 1548 the hall was redesigned again in the Renaissance style. The original ceiling was destroyed in a fire in 1940. This wing of the building also served as a warehouse or storehouse before the renovation.
- Sennhaus / servants quarters : The Mountain House was built around 1480 and 1570 rebuilt for the dairy industry. In the 19th and 20th Century lived here the servants.
- Economic building : The elongated economic building is still partially preserved today. Corresponding walls are still visible on the back of the farm. It was erected at an unknown time, but is already depicted on the earliest views. It comprised stables, a threshing floor and a barn on the upper floor.
Buildings of the former commander, which no longer exist today (from the northwest):
- Gate : The entrance area was shaped by a portal that was removed at the beginning of the 19th century.
- Portenhaus : Directly next to the gate was the Portenhaus, which had arisen from a former gate tower. A forge was later housed on the ground floor. The upper floor was used for residential purposes for the servants.
- Defense tower : In older images, a defense tower is shown between the utility building and the dairy house. Apparently it was removed as early as the 17th century.
Pictures from inside
chapel
Knight's or chapter hall with Zurich tiled stove from the 18th century
Library with tiled stove from the 18th century, formerly in the governor's room on the first floor
Stable with trot
Komturstube with wall paintings by Stöffi Kuhn, approx. 1770
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the coming shows a black B on a yellow background. It is still represented in the coat of arms of the municipality of Bubikon today.
List of Commands up to sale in 1789
A Commander of the Order of St. John acted as head of the Coming Bubikon. Since 1428 the Kommende Bubikon was subordinate to the Grand Prior in Heitersheim as table goods. The Grand Prior of the German Tongue also officiated as Commander in Bubikon, but were represented by governors.
| Term of office | Commander |
|---|---|
| 1217-1244 | Burkhard |
| 1255-1265 | Count Heinrich of Toggenburg |
| 1268 | Konrad |
| 1272-1273 | N. Hirskor |
| 1275 | Friedrich von Stoffeln |
| 1276 / 77-1296 | Heinrich von Lichtenstein |
| 1297-1329 | Count Hugo (I.) von Werdenberg |
| 1330-1343 | Count Mangold von Nellenburg |
| 1344 | Herdegen von Rechberg |
| 1344-1345 | Konrad von Falkenstein |
| 1350 | Herdegen von Rechberg |
| 1357-1363 | Count Hugo (II.) Von Werdenberg |
| 1368-1369 / 72 | Count Friedrich von Zollern |
| 1372-1383 | Werner Schürer |
| before 1393? | Hartmann Maness |
| 1393 | Count Hartmann von Werdenberg-Sargans |
| 1393-1444 | Count Hugo of Montfort-Bregenz |
| 1445? -1446 | Johannes Lösel |
| 1446-1457 | Johannes Wittich |
| 1458-1460 | Johannes Lösel |
| 1460-1467 | Walter von Bussnang |
| 1467-1481 | John of Ow |
| 1482-1505 | Count Rudolf von Werdenberg-Sargans |
| 1506-1512 | Johannes Heggenzer from Wasserstelz |
| 1512-1546 | Johann von Hattstein |
| 1546-1554 | Georg Schilling from Cannstatt |
| 1554-1566 | George of Hohenheim |
| 1567-1573 | Adam von Schwalbach |
| 1573-1594 | Philipp Flach von Schwarzenberg |
| 1594-1598 | Philipp Riedesel from Camburg |
| 1598-1599 | Bernhard von Angelach |
| 1599-1601 | Philipp Lösch from Müllheim |
| 1601-1607 | Wiggert von Rosenbach |
| 1607-1612 | Arbogast from Andlau |
| 1612-1635 | Johann Friedrich Hund of Saulheim |
| 1635-1647 | Hartmann von der Tann |
| 1647-1682 | Landgrave Friedrich of Hesse-Darmstadt |
| 1682 | Franz von Sonnenberg |
| 1683 | Gottfried Droste on fishing |
| 1684-1704 | Hermann von Wachtendonk |
| 1704-1721 | Wilhelm von Rhede (Rheide) |
| 1721-1727 | Goswin Hermann Otto von Merveldt |
| 1728-1754 | Philipp Wilhelm Count of Nesselrode-Reichenstein |
| 1754 | Philipp Joachim von Prassberg |
| 1755-1775 | Johann Baptist von Schauenburg |
| 1775-1777 | Franz Christoph Sebastian of Remchingen |
| 1777-1789 | Johann Joseph Benedikt von Rheinach zu Foussemagne |
List of Zurich governors after 1528
When the city of Zurich took over the Johanniterkommende Bubikon, their goods and income in the course of the Reformation, they initially employed Hans Stucki as a caretaker in 1528 for the provisional administration of the goods. On December 12, 1532, the Order of St. John signed a contract with the city of Zurich, which returned the possessions and income of Bubikon to the order, whereas the Grand Master in Heitersheim confirmed that only Reformed Zurich citizens were still governors (also known as “bailiffs” or “ Conductor ») to appoint. Since there were no more members of the order in Bubikon, the governor's office became a purely administrative function. The office was leased to the respective owner by the Grand Master in Heitersheim for an annual fee of initially 1400, later 1200 guilders. The governor was able to keep the incurred benefits and income. He also received a wage of 400 guilders a year.
| Term of office | Governor |
|---|---|
| 1528-1534 | Hans Stucki |
| 1534-1547 | Oswald Wirz |
| 1548-1560 | Ludwig Hager |
| 1560-1578 | Marx Vogel |
| 1579-1589 | Jost Meyer |
| 1589-1608 | Hans Meiss |
| 1608-1619 | Hans Rudolf Meiss |
| 1619-1627 | Jost Füssli |
| 1628-1643 | Hans Konrad Ott |
| 1643-1680 | Johann Kaspar Escher |
| 1680-1722 | Gerold Escher |
| 1722-1748 | Johann Kasper Escher |
| 1748-1757 | Kaspar Escher |
| 1757-1763 | Johannes von Scherer |
| 1763-1767 | Rudolf Schmid |
| 1769-1789 | Felix Lindinner |
Other former Johanniter comers
see list of former Johanniter comers
literature
- Boris Bauer: The return of the Kommende Bubikon to the Order of St. John ; in: Querblicke, Zürcher Reformationsgeschichten , ed. by Peter Niederhäuser and Regula Schmid; Chronos Verlag, Zurich 2019; 203 p., Ill. ( Communications from the Antiquarian Society in Zurich , Volume 86); ISBN 978-3-0340-1498-4 , pp. 138-143.
- Markus Brühlmann / Michael Tomaschett: Johanniterkommende Bubikon «Cross and Cross». Museum guide. Ritterhausgesellschaft Bubikon: Bubikon 2000, ISBN 3-9522014-0-5 .
- Roland Böhmer: Chapel of the Johanniterhaus Bubikon. (Swiss Art Guide No. 789, Series 79). Ed. Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2006, ISBN 3-85782-789-0 .
- "The knight house Bubikon". In: Hermann Fietz: The art monuments of the Canton of Zurich. Vol. II. The districts of Bülach, Dielsdorf, Hinwil, Horgen and Meilen . (The art monuments of Switzerland). Birkhäuser: Basel 1943, pp. 160–172.
- Erwin Eugster: Noble Territorial Policy in Eastern Switzerland. Church foundations in the field of tension of earlier sovereign displacement politics. Zurich 1991.
- Veronika Feller-Vest: «Bubikon». In: Petra Zimmer / Patrick Braun (red.): The Johanniter, the Templer, the Teutonic Order, the Lazariter and Lazariterinnen, the Pauliner and the Serviten in Switzerland . Vol. 1. (Helvetia Sacra IV, Vol. 7). Schwabe Verlag, Basel 2006, ISBN 3-7965-2153-3 .
- Roberto Fröhlich: The owners of the Johanniterhaus Bubikon. Dissertation Zurich 1993. (Zurich studies on legal history 25).
- Hans Lehmann: The Johanniterhaus Bubikon. History, building history and art monuments. Ritterhausgesellschaft Bubikon, Zurich 1947. (Reprint from communications from the Antiquarian Society in Zurich, Vol. 35, Issue 1–3).
- Kurt Schmid: «The knight house in Bubikon». In: Max Bührer / Kurt Schmied / Jakob Zollinger: Bubikon-Wolfhausen. Two villages - one municipality. Vol. 1 . Bubikon 1981, pp. 76-110.
- H. Zeller-Werdmüller: "Das Ritterhaus Bubikon". In: Communications from the Antiquarian Society in Zurich. Vol. XXI, Issue 5, 1881, doi: 10.5169 / seals-378830
Web links
- Website of the Ritterhaus Bubikon
- Website of the Order of St. John
- Website of the Order of Malta
- Burgenwelt: Ritterhaus Bubikon
Individual evidence
- ^ Eugster, History of the Canton of Zurich Volume 1. Werd Verlag, Zurich 1995, pp. 215–216
- ↑ ad hospitale transmarinum sancti Iohannis […] ut pauperibus predicti xenodochii libris pensionibus in eternum deserviat (UBZürich I, 235 no. 354), cited. n. Feller-Vest: «Bubikon», p. 136.
- ↑ Eugster, Territorialpolitik, pp. 261–270.
- ↑ Regine Abegg u. a .: The Art Monuments of the Canton of Zurich, New Edition, Vol. III.II, The City of Zurich, Old Town on the right of the Limmat, secular buildings. Bern 2007, p. 34.
- ↑ Bubikon-Wolfhausen, Vol. 1, p. 96f.
- ^ Fröhlich, Eigeneople, pp. 55–61.
- ↑ Boris Bauer: The return of the Coming Bubikon to the Order of St. John ; in: Querblicke, Zürcher Reformationsgeschichten , ed. by Peter Niederhäuser and Regula Schmid; Chronos Verlag, Zurich 2019; 203 p., Ill. ( Communications from the Antiquarian Society in Zurich , Volume 86); ISBN 978-3-0340-1498-4 , pp. 138-143.
- ↑ According to Böhmer, Chapel of the Johanniterhaus Bubikon, pp. 8f., 31f .; Brühlmeier, Johanniterkommende Bubikon, pp. 6-11, 40-45; Lehmann, Johanniterhaus Bubikon, pp. 68f., 205–209, Zeller-Werdmüller, Ritterhaus Bubikon, pp. 170–173.
- ↑ K. Ghazi Wakili, Th. Stahl, D. Tracht, A. Barthel ,: Immediate measures to prevent further damage to the wall frescos of the "Ritterhaus Bubikon", in Preventive Conservation - From Climate and Damage Monitoring to a Systemic and Integrated Approach . Ed .: ed. By A. Vandesande, E. Versrynge and K. Van Balen ,. CRC Press Taylor & Francis.
- ↑ List from Feller-Vest, Bubikon, pp. 144–163.
- ↑ Kläui, year Issue of Ritterhaus society Bubikon, no. 3/1941.
Coordinates: 47 ° 16 ′ 0 " N , 8 ° 49 ′ 41" E ; CH1903: seven hundred and five thousand one hundred forty-four / 236015
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