Economy of North Rhine-Westphalia

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Work by ThyssenKrupp in Duisburg. Thyssen Krupp is the largest of the remaining companies in the coal and steel industry.

In terms of gross domestic product (2012: 582 billion euros), the economy of North Rhine-Westphalia is the largest economy of all German states . Around 22% of the German gross domestic product is generated in North Rhine-Westphalia .

The industrial centers on the Rhine and Ruhr , which have their roots in the mining industry , are particularly characteristic . Recurring steel and coal crises after the Second World War led to a profound structural change in the country, leading to an economy that today is mainly characterized by the service sector.

history

The Zollverein coking plant and colliery once belonged to the Haniels , who still own one of the country's largest companies today.
RWE Group Center, Essen. Headquarters of the country's seventh largest company in terms of turnover
World Heritage Site Zeche Zollverein in Essen . Monument to the coal and steel industry in the Ruhr area

In the 1950s and 1960s, the land of coal and steel was an apt description of both self and others for North Rhine-Westphalia. The coal and steel industry Ruhr was after the reconstruction again one of the most important industrial regions in Europe and has the economic miracle contributed not only in the country but in the entire Federal Republic substantially.

However, it should be emphasized that other regions in North Rhine-Westphalia have a much longer commercial tradition than the Ruhr area, which was only industrialized in the 19th century. The textile industry in East Westphalia, in parts of the Bergisches Land (Wuppertal), in the Krefeld-Mönchengladbach area, in Westmünsterland and other parts of the country successfully made the transition from home business to factory production as early as 1800. In large parts of South Westphalia and the Bergisches Land , iron production and processing was widespread in various forms since the early modern period. Other parts of the country, however, continued to be dominated by agriculture for a long time. These included the upper Sauerland , large parts of the Lower Rhine , the Eifel , large parts of the Münsterland and the Paderborn bishopric . It should not be forgotten that on the Rhine and other locations, for example, the chemical industry and mechanical engineering, important new branches of industry for the state settled in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In contrast, the automotive industry, which was important for other countries in the second half of the 20th century, remained (see the Deutz and Ford plants in Cologne and later the Opel plant in Bochum and the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter plant in Düsseldorf from) underdeveloped. Overall, however, none of these regions came close to the economic and demographic dynamics of the "Revier".

By the 1960s at the latest, the negative sides of this industrial monostructure began to show. Recurring steel and coal crises caused the mining industrial sector to melt more and more. Mining companies such as RAG Aktiengesellschaft or ThyssenKrupp remained important regional employers, but they were no longer engines of growth. In contrast, in the manufacturing sector, medium-sized companies outside of the Ruhr area, particularly in mechanical engineering and the metal and iron processing industry, experienced a significant upswing. While in parts of the Ruhr area and the large cities of the Rhineland the education, media and service sectors gained increasing importance, the proportion of commercial employees in formerly more peripheral regions with a medium-sized economic structure increased significantly. In the Sauerland, for example, significantly more people are employed in manufacturing today than in the Ruhr area. The structural change in North Rhine-Westphalia was very different from region to region. The Ruhr area and the large cities in the " Bergisches Städtedreieck " ( Remscheid , Wuppertal , Solingen ) were hit hard by the structural crisis of the monostructure of the mining industry. The unemployment was and is there partly well above the national average. The state government tried to address this through structural policy measures , such as the Ruhr Action Program (1979–1984) and the International Building Exhibition Emscher Park (1989–1999), largely without any significant structural success. It was different in the other regions. The cities on the Rhine, especially the major cities of Düsseldorf, Neuss, Cologne and Bonn, have had very good economic data for years. Düsseldorf itself is one of the five economically strongest cities in Germany. The Münsterland and Bergisches Land (with the exception of the city triangle) experience a very strong decline in unemployment. This is now well below the state and national average.

See also: History of North Rhine-Westphalia

Economic performance

Despite structural change and years of below-average economic growth, the country was Germany's economically strongest country with a GDP of 669.7 billion euros in 2016. The country thus generates around 21.04 percent (2012) of German economic output. In 2016, every North Rhine-Westphalian achieved statistical added value of around 37,485 euros (Germany: around 37,128 in 2015). In 2015, every employed person generated around 70,542 euros (Germany: around 70,437). In the pro-capita view , North Rhine-Westphalia is therefore in the midfield of the states of western Germany (only Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Bremen, Hamburg and Hesse achieved a higher GDP per inhabitant in the Federal Republic in 2012). In comparison with the GDP of the EU, expressed in purchasing power standards, North Rhine-Westphalia achieved an index of 124.0 in 2014 (EU 28: 100 Germany: 126.0)

The following table summarizes the development of economic output since 1992:

Economic output (GDP) at current prices (1992-2016)
year GDP in € million Change compared to the previous year GDP per inhabitant in thousands of euros
1991 379,622 - 21,791
1992 400.291 5.4 22,784
1993 403.742 0.9 22,841
1994 416.209 3.1 23,477
1995 431.311 3.6 24,258
1996 432,774 0.3 24,271
1997 443.231 2.4 24,821
1998 454.786 2.6 25,470
1999 459.292 1.0 25,725
2000 468,890 2.1 26,259
2001 479,665 2.3 26,846
2002 488.169 1.8 27,293
2003 488,368 0.0 27.305
2004 501,679 2.7 28,073
2005 508,544 1.4 28,497
2006 525,442 3.3 29,505
2007 558.003 6.2 31,412
2008 572,389 2.6 32,335
2009 550.378 −3.8 31,227
2010 566.173 2.9 32,230
2011 588.785 4.0 33,558
2012 596.332 1.3 33,980
2013 610.047 2.3 34,735
2014 631,568 3.5 35,874
2015 648.714 2.7 36,544
2016 669.676 3.2 37,485

Statistically, every employee in North Rhine-Westphalia received a gross wage of EUR 31,109 in 2012 . This value is only slightly above the national German average of € 30,330.

labour market

The number of people in employment in North Rhine-Westphalia is around 8.9 million on average for the year 2012. The unemployment rate is 8.1% (July 2020) . This value is above the federal and western German unemployment rate (Germany: 6.3% (July 2020) . Western Germany: 6.0% (July 2020) ). After Bremen, unemployment is the second highest of all West German states.

Labor market (1991-2015)
year Employed persons in thousands (annual average) Unemployment rate in percent (31 December each)
1991 8,053.8 7.9
1992 8,127.8 8.0
1993 8,019.6 9.6
1994 7,942.3 10.7
1995 7,916.4 10.6
1996 7,952.8 11.4
1997 8,006.9 12.2
1998 8,166.0 11.7
1999 8,346.4 11.2
2000 8,604.8 10.1
2001 8,567.1 9.6
2002 8,533.4 10.1
2003 8,447.1 10.9
2004 8,495.9 11.2
2005 8,489.7 13.2
2006 8,534.8 12.6
2007 8,675.6 10.5
2008 8,791.7 9.3
2009 8,771.1 9.9
2010 8,783.5 9.6
2011 8,915.4 8.9
2012 9,003.7 8.9
2013 9,055.7 9.2
2014 9,112.7 9.1
2015 9,196.2 8.8
2016 9,270.0 7.7

The ten most important locations of employment subject to social insurance are ( place of work ):

city social insurance
Employees
June 30, 2012 		Change
since
June 30, 2007 		Commuter balance
June 30, 2012 		Job density 1
Cologne 485.167 + 9.35% + 129,486 725
Dusseldorf 371.122 + 8.12% + 160,795 972
eat 224.130 + 7.06% + 45.027 631
Dortmund 204,782 + 8.34% + 23,727 563
Duisburg 158.486 + 3.55% + 6,174 520
Bonn 158,436 + 8.07% + 54,871 798
Muenster 146.112 + 9.53% + 45,689 742
Bielefeld 134,236 + 6.87% + 26,121 655
Bochum 125,864 + 1.77% + 8,316 543
Aachen 114,952 + 7.32% + 39,746 723
1Jobs subject to social security contributions per 1000 inhabitants between the ages of 18 and 64; Figures as of May 9, 2011 according to the 2011 census.

Economic structure

Even if parts of the old mining area still have high unemployment figures, the structural change from an industrial to a knowledge society in the industrial cores has progressed well overall in the last few decades. The service sector is meanwhile the sector with the most employees. Overall, the sectoral distribution of the employed now differs insignificantly from the national average. The following table shows the development since 1950:

Employed persons by sector in percent (annual averages)
sector 1950 1961 1970 1987 1992 1996 2006 2009
Agriculture / forestry 11.7 6.6 3.5 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5
Manufacturing industry (with construction industry) 54.2 56.2 53.8 40.7 38.5 34.1 24.5 23.7
Commerce, transport, communication 16.7 17.7 18.5 20.0 20.6 21.1 26.2 26.2
other services 17.4 19.4 24.3 36.9 39.0 43.1 47.9 48.6
Source: 1950-1996; 2006; 2009

Companies

Headquarters of Deutsche Telekom AG in Bonn, the second largest company in North Rhine-Westphalia in terms of sales

According to surveys by the American business magazine Fortune , ten of the five hundred companies with the highest turnover in the world had their headquarters in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2019 . In addition, 10 of the 30 DAX companies have their headquarters in North Rhine-Westphalia: Deutsche Post and Deutsche Telekom in Bonn, Vonovia in Bochum, Henkel in Düsseldorf, E.ON , RWE and thyssenkrupp in Essen, Lufthansa in Cologne and Bayer and Covestro in Leverkusen. The 10 best-selling companies in the country in 2019 were:

Source: Fortune Global 500, as of September 2019

There are also numerous family-run companies. Of the 1,000 family businesses with the highest turnover in Germany, the largest number of 265 in 2018 were based in North Rhine-Westphalia. In the area of medium-sized companies, too , according to an analysis by the medium Die Deutsche Wirtschaft, the state ranks first in a federal state comparison.

Most of the hidden champions (293) are also located in North Rhine-Westphalia . 150 of these world market leaders are based in South Westphalia , Germany's third largest industrial region.

Economic development and foreign investments

The state-owned business development company NRW.Invest is responsible for the acquisition and support of foreign companies and international marketing for the business location North Rhine-Westphalia.

Across Germany, the country can book the highest foreign direct investments of all German countries with around 135 million € (29 percent of all direct investments in Germany, both as of the end of 2009) . The city of Düsseldorf is the national leader (as of 2011), followed by Cologne in North Rhine-Westphalia . Large foreign companies such as BP , 3M , Ericsson , Ford , LG Electronics , QVC , Toyota or Vodafone have a headquarters, and in many cases also subsidiaries, in North Rhine-Westphalia .

Agriculture and Forestry

Part of the North Rhine-Westphalian vineyards are located on the Drachenfels

For decades, the number of falls agricultural enterprises and those employed in agriculture in the country. In 1970 there were almost 130,000 farms, in May 2005 there were only around 51,000. The situation for forestry operations was similar. Here the number of forestry operations fell from around 11,700 (1979) to around 3,000 (May 2005). In contrast to the agriculturally used area, the area used for forestry - i.e. practically almost all forests - increased by around 10 percent in the specified periods. The area used for agriculture fell by almost 10 percent. In both areas, the number of farms with a cultivated area of ​​over 50 hectares has increased. The main focus of agriculture is the Münsterland , Ostwestfalen-Lippe and the other relatively flat areas outside the metropolitan regions. Around 70% of the agricultural land is arable land . Around 43 percent of the total agricultural area is cultivated for grain (especially wheat , barley and corn-cob mix ). The next largest cultivation areas are used for forage crops (11% of the total agricultural area; especially silage maize ), sugar beet (4%), rape and rape (4%). Almost half of the farms keep cattle and a little over a quarter keep pigs .

Viticulture

The area for viticulture is very small and is mainly located in the Middle Rhine Valley in the southwest of the country. It concerns the viticulture in the large area Petersberg in the Siebengebirge . The preferred grape variety is Riesling , followed by Müller-Thurgau . The northernmost "natural" vineyard on the Rhine is in Bornheim - Roisdorf , a location in the foothills , five kilometers north of Bonn . To a small extent, viticulture has recently started again at the former Corvey Abbey in the Weser Uplands.

The wine growers in North Rhine-Westphalia previously had planting rights for an area of ​​over 21 hectares. After the area increased by one hectare in 2016, there was at least 2.4 hectares of approved area in 2017. For comparison: there are over 100,000 hectares of vineyards in Germany, around two thirds of which are in Rhineland-Palatinate. Only about 0.0002 percent of the German wine-growing area is in NRW.

Industry

The most important industrial sectors in the country are mechanical engineering, the electrical industry, the automotive industry and the plastics and chemical industries.

Mining industry

The Prosper coking plant in Bottrop
Inden opencast mine

The mining in the country has greatly diminished. Around 34,000 people (as of 2010) are still employed in this industry (29,300 of them in coal mining), but this corresponds to far less than 1% of all employees. At present, the country three coal mines in operation and three coking plants ( coke plant Prosper , Schwelgern coking and coking of Hüttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann ). The hard coal mines are all operated by Deutsche Steinkohle AG . If the subsidies are discontinued in 2018 as planned, the coal mining era in the country will come to an end as we see it today. Around 660,000 people were once employed in mining in North Rhine-Westphalia. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the Rhenish lignite district is the largest lignite district in Europe, including the Hambach and Garzweiler opencast mines . In contrast to hard coal, lignite mining was never subsidized. It gets by with very few staff.

mechanical engineering

With over 207,000 employees (21.8 percent share in Germany), mechanical engineering is the country's largest branch of industry. The corporate structure is largely medium-sized . There are around 1,600 companies in the country. The companies manufacture u. a. Machine tools, elevators, conveyor systems and machines for the textile, clothing and food industries, for the construction sector and for agriculture and forestry.

Automobile manufacturing

Around one million cars and commercial vehicles are produced in North Rhine-Westphalia every year, even if none of the major German automobile manufacturers have their headquarters in the state. The approximately 800 companies in the automotive and supplier industries employ over 200,000 people in the country. Of these, 500 automotive companies and 43,000 jobs are in the South Westphalia region, the three largest manufacturers in North Rhine-Westphalia are Ford in Cologne, Opel in Bochum, and Daimler AG in Düsseldorf. In total, around 30 percent of German supplier companies are based in the country. The largest supplier companies include Hella , Kirchhoff , Otto Fuchs , Borbet and Kostal .

In addition, many automobile manufacturers have their German headquarters in the Rhineland: PSA Peugeot Citroën (Cologne), Toyota and Lexus (Cologne), Volvo (Cologne), Renault and Dacia (Brühl), Nissan (Brühl), Mazda (Leverkusen).

Electrical engineering and electronics industry

The electrical engineering and electronics industry , with around 140,000 employees, is one of the most important sectors in the country. A total of around 1,100 electrical companies are based in the country. Microsystem technology was particularly promoted as part of structural change in the Ruhr area. The center of microsystem technology in Germany is Dortmund. Around 40 companies employ more than 2,000 people here. South Westphalia can again be considered the center of building electrics and electronics, lights, and door and security technology. 70% of the German production of switches and sockets as well as every second lamp made in Germany come from South Westphalia. Some of the better known companies include a. OBO Bettermann , Busch-Jäger , Trilux , and Mennekes .

Chemistry and plastics

Bayer AG branch in Krefeld- Uerdingen - view of the Uerdingen Rhine promenade

A considerable part of the German chemical industry has settled in the Ruhr area, here in Marl , among others , but especially along the Rhine, especially around Leverkusen , Uerdingen and Dormagen . Around a third of German sales in the chemical industry are generated in the country. This makes North Rhine-Westphalia the most important federal state for the German chemical industry . The approximately 420 companies in the chemical industry employ over 90,000 people in the country. The chemical location North Rhine-Westphalia is not only home to a wide range of medium-sized companies but also to a large number of internationally active companies. Important companies include Bayer , Evonik Industries , Henkel and Lanxess . A first-class research landscape also ensures the attractiveness of NRW as a production location. The regional initiative ChemCologne takes over the location marketing for the southern North Rhine-Westphalia ( administrative districts Düsseldorf and Cologne) and aims to further develop the attractiveness and competitiveness of the chemical region and to make it even better known among domestic and foreign investors.

The rubber and plastics industry comprises around 3,000 companies and organizations with well over 100,000 employees. Well-known companies are, for example, Basell Polyolefine and Covestro .

Metal and steel industry

Traditionally and rooted in the coal and steel industry, the metal and steel industry is particularly well represented in the country. Around 44 percent of German steel is produced here. In terms of production figures in this area, Duisburg is now the number one steel location in Europe. The more than 450 companies employ around 107,700 people. This corresponds to a share of the workforce in Germany of 43.2 percent. The sector's turnover in 2006 was 41.5 billion euros, almost half of the German turnover in this branch. The largest company in this sector is ThyssenKrupp . The former Mannesmann AG with 130,000 employees at the time was sold to Vodafone in 2001 and broken up. The Mannesmann tube works were sold to Salzgitter AG and Vallourec. In 2005 Vallourec took over 100% of the pipe works and still produces seamless steel pipes in Düsseldorf and Mülheim an der Ruhr.

Energy industry

Formerly the highest dry cooling tower in the world (180 m) of the decommissioned THTR-300 in Hamm. Blown up on September 10, 1991.

The country is home to some of the largest companies in the energy industry. The city of Essen is the administrative headquarters of the largest companies, such as E.ON SE, RWE AG and Steag . Almost 30 percent of German electricity is produced in the country, 88 percent of which comes from fossil fuels (41 percent from brown coal, 31 percent from hard coal, 16 percent natural gas / mineral oil). There are also some large refineries along the Rhine and Ruhr . After the closure of the THTR-300 in Schmehausen and the Würgassen nuclear power plant, the country no longer has an operational nuclear power plant for commercial electricity generation . The fast breeder in Kalkar was never put into operation and is now a leisure center . Smaller research reactors are located in Aachen and in the Jülich Research Center .

In the meantime, over 3,100 companies in the renewable energy sector have settled in the country . This industry now employs 18,500 people. One of the most famous companies is SolarWorld . The “Energy Atlas NRW” commissioned by the state government and two potential studies determined the possibilities of using renewable energies in the state. According to this, NRW has great potential in solar and wind energy . In mid-2016, 3,256 wind turbines with a total output of 4,319 MW were installed in the country.

Around 85,000 people work in the entire field of private energy and water supply.

Other industries

North Rhine-Westphalia is an important location for the German food industry . In 2007, over 1,000 food production companies (excluding agriculture) employed over 93,000 people. The largest company is likely to be Dr. August Oetker KG . Other well-known companies are Haribo (Bonn), Katjes (Emmerich) or Intersnack (Cologne, brands: Chio Chips, funny frisch).

Building technology companies, in particular bathroom and sanitary companies, are located in North Rhine-Westphalia. a. Grohe , Dornbracht , Keuco and Viega . More than 60 percent of the sanitary fittings manufactured in Germany come from here.

The furniture and wood processing industries are traditionally an important industry in Ostwestfalen-Lippe (over 250 furniture companies in OWL alone) and in the Sauerland . It employs around 40,000 people. A total of around 200,000 jobs in the state are directly or indirectly dependent on the industry.

The textile industry is indeed impact on employment, with around 9,000 employees of minor national importance, but sitting here with Falcon , Gerry Weber , Huesker , van Laack and Seidensticker still leading textile company. In the Minden-Ravensberg area, however, industry has played an important role for centuries. Also to be mentioned is Düsseldorf, which is also known as the “fashion city” and is the location of the cpd fashion fairs .

Service sector

trade

The Königsallee in Düsseldorf is one of the most famous shopping streets in the country

Around 16 percent of the country's employees work in retail and contribute to around twelve percent of the country's GDP. Half of the 50 largest retail companies in Germany have their headquarters in North Rhine-Westphalia. Examples are Metro AG , the Rewe Group , Aldi , Tengelmann and Karstadt . In retail around 715,000 people work in the Agents involved around 24,000 and in the wholesale about 317,000. In total, almost 1.4 million people are employed in the trade, repair of motor vehicles and consumer goods.

The shopping streets in the Rhine-Ruhr region are particularly popular due to the high population density. The ten most frequented shopping streets in Germany include three streets in North Rhine-Westphalia (as of 2013): These are Westenhellenweg (Dortmund, 1st place), Schildergasse (Cologne, 3rd place) and Flingerstraße (Düsseldorf), 4th place). In addition, the Königsallee in Düsseldorf enjoys a national reputation as a “luxury mile”. In addition to the inner-city locations, larger shopping centers also attract customers, of which the Ruhr-Park in Bochum , the RheinRuhrZentrum in Mülheim an der Ruhr , the shopping center at Limbecker Platz in Essen and the CentrO in Oberhausen are the four largest.

Finance

Headquarters of the Ergo insurance group in Düsseldorf

The state is the seat of numerous credit institutions and insurance companies, as well as 87 savings banks ( Sparkassenverband Westfalen-Lippe and Rheinischer Sparkassen- und Giroverband ). In addition, there are over 100 Volks- and Raiffeisenbanken as well as two Sparda banks , three PSD banks and various special banks, including the bank in the diocese of Essen as one of the largest Catholic church banks in Germany. 207,000 people are employed in the credit and insurance industry in North Rhine-Westphalia. The largest or best-known companies in the banking sector with their headquarters in the Düsseldorf financial center are NRW.Bank , IKB Deutsche Industriebank , Targobank , Sparda-Bank West , HSBC Trinkaus , Deutsche Apotheker- und Ärztebank , and some foreign banks such as MUFG , Mizuho and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation , all of which have their headquarters in the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia. In addition, Postbank (Bonn), Santander Consumer Bank (Mönchengladbach) and Toyota Kreditbank (Cologne) are based in North Rhine-Westphalia. There are also important insurance locations in NRW. Some well-known companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia are the German AXA (Cologne), the Continentale (Dortmund), the Provinzial NordWest (Münster), Provinzial Rheinland (Düsseldorf), the Signal Iduna (Dortmund / Hamburg), the Ergo insurance group (Düsseldorf), the ARAG (Dusseldorf) and Gothaer Versicherungen (Cologne).

One of the larger regional exchanges in Germany as well as the largest in the country is the Düsseldorf Stock Exchange . The exchange calculates the NRW-MIX . This stock exchange index comprises the 50 largest stock corporations in North Rhine-Westphalia that are not represented in the DAX .

media

Around 105,000 people are employed in around 15,900 companies in the North Rhine-Westphalian media and entertainment industry. In addition, around 24,200 companies from the advertising and market communication industries are based in the country. The number of employees there is approx. 81,000.

The East Westphalian company Bertelsmann is one of the largest media and publishing companies in the world.

Print media

Although the process of concentration of the press has resulted in the Funke media group in particular having achieved an almost monopoly-like position in some parts of the country, there is still a mostly local and regionally restricted, but definitely lively and diverse press landscape. A national daily newspaper has not developed since the country was founded. The Ruhr Nachrichten appears in Dortmund, the Rheinische Post and the Handelsblatt in Düsseldorf . In the Cologne area, for example, there is DuMont Verlag as a supplier of press products such as Express . The Neue Westfälische and the Westfalen-Blatt appear in East Westphalia . In the Münsterland, the Westphalian News is the daily newspaper with the highest circulation. Although papers from the Funke media group dominate in South Westphalia with the Westfälische Rundschau and the Westfalenpost , there are also various newspapers from the publisher Dirk Ippen ( Westfälischer Anzeiger , Lüdenscheider Nachrichten etc.). A national newspaper that is produced in the country is the Handelsblatt. Then there are the denominational papers such as B. Germany's largest Catholic weekly magazine, the Liboriusblatt from Hamm .

Radio and television

The Schürmann building in Bonn, which was formerly intended as a House of Representatives, is the seat of Deutsche Welle .

The public West German Broadcasting (WDR) is a national broadcaster of the largest stations in the country. He is not only one of the largest program suppliers to the ARD, but also runs its own full television program with WDR Fernsehen , which not least attaches importance to regional reporting and maintains local studios in eleven larger cities. In addition, the WDR operates six different radio programs, each aimed at a different target audience. Among other things, ZDF's NRW state studio and QVC, Europe's top-selling teleshopping broadcaster, are located in Düsseldorf . Deutschlandfunk is also based in Cologne . The public broadcaster offers an information program focusing on politics, business, culture and sport, which can be received nationwide. Deutsche Welle broadcasts from Bonn all over the world. The foreign broadcaster of the Federal Republic produces the radio and internet programs in the federal city. In addition to WDR television, there is NRW.TV, a state-wide private television program, as well as two other regional private television stations in North Rhine-Westphalia. In October 2005 the Cologne local television center.tv went on air, which is also represented with an edition for Düsseldorf. In March 2006, Studio 47 followed from Duisburg . In addition to WDR, some of the RTL Group's broadcasters, including RTL Television , N-TV and VOX, are also based in Cologne. Until the move to Berlin , the music channels VIVA and VIVA Plus were also based in Cologne. Due to the large number of television stations, a considerable concentration of media has developed in Cologne, which in addition to the stations also includes studios, production companies and other media companies. In North Rhine-Westphalia there are also 46 local radios, all of which use the broadcast program from Radio NRW from Oberhausen. Radio DU (today: Radio Duisburg ) was the first local radio station in North Rhine-Westphalia to start broadcasting in April 1990. The local radio station Radio Lippewelle Hamm reached 48.1% of the listeners in Hamm every day at the EMA 2007 I and was thus number 1 in the ranking among the 46 local radio stations in North Rhine-Westphalia.

The State Agency for Media North Rhine-Westphalia (LfM), based in Düsseldorf, is responsible for licensing private television and radio programs in North Rhine-Westphalia .

Tourism and hospitality

Winterberg is the most famous winter sports resort in the country.

In 2006, the country recorded around 16.8 million visitors and around 39.3 million overnight stays. The gross turnover from tourism is 22.6 billion euros. The industry has around 185,000 employees and 13,000 trainees, in the entire hospitality industry even around 360,000 employees. This makes the industry almost as big as the construction industry. The regions with the longest overnight stays per stay are the Teutoburg Forest ( Ostwestfalen-Lippe is known as Germany's medicinal garden due to its numerous medicinal baths ), the Siegerland , the Wittgensteiner Land and the Sauerland . The latter are the only winter sports regions in the country. Otherwise, skiing is only possible in two indoor ski halls ( ski hall Neuss and Alpincenter Bottrop ). In total, the country has over 30 healing and health resorts .

Other service industries

Due to its central location in Europe and the great economic power of the country, the country is an important location for the logistics industry. Around 250,000 people are employed in this area. Taking into account the employees with logistics tasks in industrial and trading companies, around 570,000 people work in the sector. Important North Rhine-Westphalian companies in this area are Schenker and Deutsche Post AG .

In the field of information, communication technology, telecommunications around 135,000 people working. The three largest German telecommunications groups, Deutsche Telekom (including: T-Mobile ), the German branch Vodafones and E-Plus , are based in North Rhine-Westphalia. The IT companies are predominantly medium-sized. The best known include companies such as Wincor Nixdorf , Fujitsu Siemens and Maxdata .

Public budgets

According to statistics from the Federal Statistical Office, the state's debts amounted to EUR 184.96 billion as of December 31, 2010, if one includes all households in the state (i.e. including extra households) but initially disregards the households and extra households of the municipalities and municipal associations . Of the EUR 184 960 000 000 Total debt among others EUR 174.79 billion in accounts payable ( securities debt, loans , cash advances ) the non-public sector and EUR 10.166 billion in liabilities in the public sector (loans and cash advances). In addition, North Rhine-Westphalia has entered into obligations from guarantees for EUR 17.276 billion (note: guarantees do not necessarily lead to a payment ). The debts of the municipalities and municipal associations amount to EUR 48.95 billion. Municipalities and municipal associations guarantee an additional EUR 7.62 billion. Taking into account the budgets of the municipalities and municipal associations and their extra budgets, the total public debt in North Rhine-Westphalia amounts to EUR 233.907 billion and guarantees of EUR 24.897 billion.

Securities debts and loans in the non-public sector have risen particularly sharply since December 31, 2009. The debt burden in this area has increased by around EUR 50 billion. The obligations arising from the liquidation of WestLB and the establishment of the first liquidation agency were particularly significant . This process will burden the North Rhine-Westphalian state budget by around EUR 42.6 billion.

In its financial report 2010 as of December 31, 2010, the Ministry of Finance shows a debt level of around EUR 126.8 billion, without considering the budgets and extra budgets of the municipalities and municipal associations and without considering the extra budgets of the state (e.g. the liabilities from WestLB liquidation) . According to plans by the Ministry of Finance, these “core liabilities” should grow to around EUR 145.6 billion by the end of 2015.

Despite this national debt , North Rhine-Westphalia has a high credit rating . However, the private American rating agency Moody’s , which gives the country the top rating of "Aa1", lowered its outlook for further development from "stable" in July 2012 due to the national debt crisis in the euro area and the country's planned new debt of 4.6 billion euros to "negative".

Due to new constitutional regulations, which are commonly referred to as the debt brake and which will partially take effect from the 2011 budget year, North Rhine-Westphalia will in principle only be able to pass state budgets that do not receive income from loans from the 2020 budget year. Appropriate financial planning to reduce the budget deficit must therefore already be developed.

In an unprecedented process in the state, the Constitutional Court of North Rhine-Westphalia declared on March 15, 2011 the supplementary budget for the 2010 budget approved by the red-green coalition to be unconstitutional. The budget needs to be improved. The reason given by the court was the inadmissibly high level of debt. In 2013 the Constitutional Court declared the 2011 budget unconstitutional on the same grounds.

In the federal state financial equalization system , North Rhine-Westphalia was mostly - but not always - one of the donor states. In 2011 (preliminary result) the country received around 212 million euros from the donor countries. However, this is only a fraction of the total amount of the financial equalization.

military

After the end of the Cold War , the Bundeswehr significantly reduced its troops in North Rhine-Westphalia, particularly with the dissolution of the 7th Westphalian Panzer Division . The Red Army's Military Liaison Commission has withdrawn entirely from Bünde . The presence of Belgian armed forces has also been greatly reduced. The military therefore only plays a subordinate role economically. After all, around 38,800 posts are planned in the country. A major exception is Ostwestfalen-Lippe, where the Panzer Brigade 21 , other units of the 1st Panzer Division and large parts of the British 1st Panzer Division are still stationed. In addition, there are only a few armed forces facilities in the country. In the air force barracks in Cologne-Wahn , the Air Force Office and the Air Force Command Command , as well as in Bonn ( Federal Ministry of Defense with military command staff), Cologne ( Army Office ), Münster (staff of the 1st German-Dutch Corps ) and Mönchengladbach (including staff of the Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps in JHQ Rheindahlen ), command authorities and headquarters of the armed forces.

Partnerships

literature

  • Ludwig Bussmann (ed.): The economy of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Cologne et al., 1988, ISBN 3-927098-08-6

Web links

Commons : Economy of North Rhine-Westphalia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ FAZ.net: Regional unemployment figures in April 2008. Source: Federal Employment Agency.
  2. ↑ a b Gross domestic product - at current prices - in Germany 1991 to 2018 by federal state (WZ 2008) - VGR dL. Retrieved February 26, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions. Eurostat , February 26, 2016, accessed on December 1, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Gross wages and salaries (domestic) 1991 to 2012 (WZ 2008) ( Memento from September 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Unemployment rates in July 2020 - countries and districts. In: statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, accessed on August 11, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Unemployment rates in July 2020 - countries and districts. In: statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, accessed on August 11, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Unemployment rates in July 2020 - countries and districts. In: statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, accessed on August 11, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Unemployment figures in November 2009. -Länder and districts- ( Memento from May 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ http://www.vgrdl.de/VGRdL/tbls/tab.jsp?rev=RV2014&tbl=tab16&lang=de-DE
  10. ↑ http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/panorama/70-jahre-nrw-so-haben-es-um-nordrhein-westfalen-aid-1.6196715
  11. ↑ http://www.it.nrw.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2017/pres_022_17.html (link not available)
  12. ↑ https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/2192/umfrage/average-arbeitslosenquote-nach-bundeslaendern/
  13. ^ Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency
  14. ↑ census database
  15. ↑ Federal Statistical Office 2007: Number of employed persons reaches maximum ( Memento from June 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ State Center for Political Education NRW (Ed.): NRW Lexicon: Politics, Society, Economy, Law, Culture . S. 2. 2nd ed. Leske + Budrich. Opladen 2000, ISBN 3-8100-2336-1 .
  17. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia: Employment accounts of the federal and state governments ( Memento from May 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ State database NRW
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  27. ↑ Investing in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from March 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) - Ministry for Economic Affairs, Energy, Building, Housing and Transport of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
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  29. ↑ The economic relationship between Japan and North Rhine-Westphalia. The economy of North Rhine-Westphalia at a glance. (PDF; 755 kB) Japanese Consulate General Düsseldorf, October 2010, accessed on December 20, 2011 .
  30. ^ Western state attracts most foreign investors. The Local Europe, July 15, 2012, accessed July 15, 2012 .
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  34. ↑ The move of the German LG corporate headquarters from Willich to Ratingen is complete. LG Electronics Deutschland GmbH, November 4, 2011, archived from the original on November 6, 2011 ; Retrieved December 5, 2011 .
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  37. ↑ Agriculture and forestry operations in NRW: Agriculture and forestry operations in NRW ( Memento from May 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  38. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia: Livestock holdings and livestock herds in NRW ( Memento from May 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  39. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia: Cultivation areas of the agricultural businesses in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from June 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  40. ^ Roisdorf vineyard . Web site, accessed November 25, 2013
  41. ↑ Richard Schleyer: Wine is growing again on the Weser ( Memento from December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Article in the derdom.de portal , accessed on November 23, 2013
  42. ↑ Burkhard Strassmann: The vines of the Lord . Article from October 24, 2013 in the zeit.de portal , accessed on November 23, 2013
  43. ↑ [1]
  44. ↑ IT NRW: Mining and manufacturing industry: companies, employees and turnover according to economic sectors and employee size classes - country -
  45. ↑ Zeit.de: Mining: 2018 is the end of German hard coal
  46. ^ Institute for empirical social and communication research: 1958. The coal crisis in North Rhine-Westphalia. ( Memento from May 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  47. ^ NRW.INVEST: Mechanical engineering in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from January 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  48. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Mechanical Engineering ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  49. ↑ Südwestfalen Agency: Automotive in Südwestfalen - The Industry. Retrieved February 23, 2018 .
  50. ^ NRW.INVEST: Automotive industry in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from January 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  51. ↑ http://www.wirtschaft.nrw.de/branchen/Fahrzeugbau/index.php (link not available)
  52. ↑ NRW.INVEST: Microsystem Technology / Nanotechnologies in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from January 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  53. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Electrical Industry ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  54. ↑ Südwestfalen Agency: Building Technology in South Westphalia - The Industry. Retrieved February 23, 2018 .
  55. ↑ ChemCologne: "The chemistry in NRW - facts and figures". Retrieved July 15, 2014 ( Memento January 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  56. ^ ChemCologne: "ChemCologne - The Leading Location For Chemical Investment". Retrieved July 15, 2014 ( Memento January 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  57. ↑ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Rubber and plastics industry ( Memento of January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  58. ↑ NRW.INVEST: Rubber and plastics industry in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from January 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  59. ↑ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Metal production and metal processing ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  60. ↑ JUVE - www.juve.de: Vallourec takes over the remaining shares in JV mit Mannesmannröhren «JUVE. Retrieved June 3, 2017 .
  61. ↑ Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature and Consumer Protection NRW: Energie.Daten NRW 2011 (PDF; 1 MB)
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  63. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Energy Industry ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  64. ↑ Energy Atlas NRW
  65. ↑ Potential Study Renewable Energies NRW Part 2 - Solar Energy ( Memento from 11 August 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 13 MB) and Potential Study Renewable Energies NRW Part 1 - Wind Energy (PDF; 5.7 MB)
  66. ↑ Status of onshore wind energy expansion in Germany, as of June 30, 2016 ( memento of July 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Website of the Deutsche Windguard. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  67. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics NRW: Employment accounts of the federal and state governments ( Memento from May 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  68. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Food Industry ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  69. ^ Society for economic and structural development in the Märkischen Kreis mbH: building technology South Westphalia. Retrieved February 23, 2018 .
  70. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Furniture Industry ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  71. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Chemical Industry ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  72. ↑ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Clothing Industry ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  73. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Commerce ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  74. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics: Employment accounts of the federal and state governments ( Memento from May 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  75. ↑ http://www.joneslanglasalle.de/Germany/DE-DE/Documents/JLL_Germany_2907_Passantenfrequenzen%202013-%20Tabelle%20TOP%2025.pdf ( Memento from September 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  76. ^ RSGV and SVWL: Sparkassen in North Rhine-Westphalia. Retrieved February 23, 2020 .
  77. ^ Federal Employment Agency Statistics: Employees by occupation (KldB 2010) - Germany, West / East and Länder (quarterly figures). Retrieved February 23, 2020 .
  78. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Finanzwirtschaft ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  79. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Ministry of Finance NRW: Finanzplatz NRW )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.fm.nrw.de
  80. ↑ NRW.IINVEST: information and communication technology in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento of 10 March 2009 at the Internet Archive )
  81. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Tourism ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  82. ↑ State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia: Employment accounts of the federal and state governments ( Memento from May 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  83. ↑ NRW Tourismus: Spas & Health Resorts ( Memento of March 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  84. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Logistics ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  85. ^ NRW.INVEST: Logistics in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from January 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  86. ^ Ministry of Economics, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Information and communication technology, telecommunications ( Memento from January 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  87. ↑ NRW.INVEST: Information and communication technologies in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento of March 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  88. ↑ http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Publikationen/Fachveroeffnahmungen/FinanzenSteuern/OefflicheHaushalte/Schulden/SchuldenOeffentlicherHaushalte2140500107004 (link not available)
  89. ↑ Public debt rose 18% in 2010 to almost two trillion euros. Public budget debts as of December 31, 2010. (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office, archived from the original on February 24, 2011 ; Retrieved February 21, 2011 .
  90. ↑ Ministry of Finance of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Financial planning 2011 to 2015 with 2012 financial report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia November 20, 2011 (PDF; 3 MB)
  91. ↑ Birgit Marschall, Thomas Reisener: Rating agency lowers outlook for NRW. Moody's warning sparked debt debate. RP ONLINE, July 26, 2012, accessed July 26, 2012 .
  92. ^ Scientific service of the Bundestag
  93. ↑ Results of the state financial equalization 2011 . Federal Ministry of Finance, February 23, 2012, accessed on February 26, 2017 .
  94. ^ Bundeswehr: stationing concept and locations , stationing concept from 2004.