Toowoomba and Listed buildings in Sweden: Difference between pages

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[[Image:Byggnadsminne.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Sign by [[Turkiska kiosken]] in [[Hagaparken]]]]
{{Refimprove|date=April 2008}}
A '''listed building in Sweden''' ([[Swedish language|Swedish]] ''byggnadsminne'') enjoys the strongest [[law|legal]] cultural and historical protection available. Listed buildings range widely from [[mediaeval]] [[castle]]s to a [[Movie theater|cinema]] from the [[1950's]]. The listing is not restricted to buildings per se; [[park]]s, [[garden]]s or other sites of cultural or historical significance are also protected by law. Listed buildings recount the passage of history and how Swedish society has changed over time. More than 2,000 buildings and sites have been protected as listed buildings in Sweden.
{{Infobox Australian Place | type = city
| name = Toowoomba
| state = QLD
| image = Toowoomba location map in Queensland.PNG
| caption = Location of Toowoomba in Queensland (red)
| pop = 95,265 (Census 2006) |pop_footnotes=<ref name=abs>{{Census 2006 AUS|id=UCL356800|name=Toowoomba (Urban Centre/Locality)|quick=on|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref>
| poprank = 15th
| density = 209.4
| est = 1840's
| postcode = 4350
| elevation= 691
|elevation_footnotes=<ref name="bom" >{{cite web
| publisher = [[Bureau of Meteorology]]
| title=TOOWOOMBA
| work=Climate Averages for Australian Sites
| url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_041103_All.shtml
|accessdate = 2008-25-09 }}</ref>
| area =
| timezone = [[UTC10|AEST]]
| utc = +10
| maxtemp = 22.6
| mintemp = 11.4
| rainfall = 944
| lga = [[Toowoomba Regional Council]]
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Toowoomba North|Toowoomba North]], [[Electoral district of Toowoomba South|Toowoomba South]] and [[Electoral district of Cunningham|Cunningham]]
| fedgov = [[Division of Groom|Groom]]
| dist1 = 132
| location1 = Brisbane
| county = [[County of Churchill, Queensland|Churchill]]
}}
[[Image:Toowoombagpo.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Toowoomba Town Hall]]
'''Toowoomba''' (nicknamed 'The Garden City') is a [[city]] in [[South East Queensland|South East]] [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. It is located {{convert|132|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of Queensland's capital city, [[Brisbane, Queensland|Brisbane]]. With an urban population of 95,265<ref name=abs/>, Toowoomba is one of Australia's largest provincial cities.


The purpose of listing buildings and environments is to protect traces of history that have had great significance for the understanding of today's society and to guarantee people's access to the Swedish [[cultural heritage]]. To protect the cultural and historical value of the buildings, Swedish law provides protective measures to be taken for each such listed building or site.
A [[university]] and [[cathedral]] city, Toowoomba hosts the Australian Carnival of Flowers each September, and [[Easterfest]] is held annually over the Easter weekend.


There are two kinds of listed buildings: individual and government.
From the March 2008, quadrennial local government elections, Toowoomba has been amalgamated with surrounding rural [[shire]]s and towns to form [[Toowoomba Regional Council]].


==Individual listed buildings==
==History==
The [[County Administrative Boards of Sweden]] have the authority, through the third chapter of the Cultural memory law, to list those buildings and sites whose "cultural and historical value is especially notable or which are part of a especially notable site". This can pertain to personal housing as well as industrial buildings, parks and [[bridge]]s.
{{main|History of Toowoomba, Queensland}}
[[Image:Toowoomba Trades Hall.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Former Toowoomba Trades Hall building.]]
Toowoomba's colonial history traces back to 1816 when English [[botanist]] and [[explorer]] [[Allan Cunningham (botanist)|Allan Cunningham]] arrived in Australia from [[Brazil]] and in June 1827 discovered 4 million acres (16,000 km²) of rich farming and grazing land bordered on the east by the [[Great Dividing Range]] and situated 100 miles (160 km) west of the settlement of [[Moreton Bay]]. Thirteen years later when George and Patrick Leslie established Toolburra Station {{convert|56|mi|km|0}} south-west of Toowoomba the first settlers arrived on the Downs and established a [[township]] of bark-slab shops called The Springs which was soon renamed [[Drayton, Queensland|Drayton]].
[[Image:Main Street, Toowoomba, 1897.jpg|thumb|200px|Main Street of Toowoomba in 1897.]]
Towards the end of the 1840s Drayton had grown to the point where it had its own [[newspaper]], [[general store]], [[trading post]] and the [[Drayton, Queensland#Royal Bull's Head Inn|Royal Bull's Head Inn]], which was built by William Horton and still stands today. Horton is regarded as the true founder of Toowoomba, despite the fact that he was not the first man to live there. Drovers and wagon masters spread the news of the new settlement at Toowoomba. By 1858 Toowoomba was growing fast. It had a population of 700, three [[hotel]]s and many stores. Land selling at £4 an acre (£988/km²) in 1850 was now £150 an acre (£37,000/km²). Governor Bowen granted the wish of locals and a new municipality was proclaimed on [[24 November]] [[1860]]. The first [[town council]] [[election]] took place on [[4 January]] [[1861]] and [[William Henry Groom]] won.


The County Administrative Boards decide whether a building is to be listed. Anyone can initiate the process deciding about a listing with the county. The County Board also has the authority to initiate such processes on its own initiative, and to rule in cases regarding actions that conflict with the protective measures. Private persons who own a listed building have the right to apply for [[subsidy|subsidies]] for costs incurred in for instance [[building restoration|restorations]].
In 1892, the Under Secretary of Public Land proclaimed Toowoomba and the surrounding areas as a township and in 1904 Toowoomba was declared a city.


There are over 2,000 individual listed buildings in Sweden.
==Geography==
[[Image:Toowoomba.png|thumb|right|200px|A NASA [[Landsat]] montage of Toowoomba city]]
[[Image:Toowoomba.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Toowoomba has a highly eclectic range of domestic architectural styles.]]
[[Image:Toowoomba location map in Queensland.PNG|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toowoomba in Queensland (red)]]
Toowoomba is situated at a [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] of {{coord|27|33|S|151|57|E}}.


==Governmental listed buildings==
The city sits on the crest of the [[Great Dividing Range]], around {{convert|700|m|ft|-2}} above [[sea level]]. A few streets are on the eastern side of the edge of the range, but most of the city is west of the divide.
There are about 260 governmental listed buildings, for example government and court houses, defensive structures such as [[fortress]]es, bridges, royal [[palace]]s and [[lighthouses]]. The governmental listed buildings are owned by the state and recount important parts of the history of Sweden and its government.


The [[government of Sweden]] decides whether a governmental building or site is to be listed. [[Riksantikvarieämbetet]], the National Heritage Board, submits suggested new governmental listed buildings and is responsible for their maintenance. Objects in Sweden that are listed are protected according to the law of cultural heritage (''kulturminneslagen'' or KML) and the [[ordinance]] of governmental listed buildings (''förordningen om statliga byggnadsminnen''). Decisions regarding listed buildings are announced by Administrative Board in the respective [[counties of Sweden|county]]. Record keeping is administered by [http://www.bebyggelseregistret.raa.se/webbhus2/welcome_public.asp Riksantikvarieämbetet].
The City occupies the edge of the range and the low ridges behind it. Two valleys run north from the southern boundary, each arising from springs either side of Middle Ridge near Spring Street at an [[altitude]] of around 680 m. These waterways, East Creek and West Creek flow together just north of the CBD to form Gowrie Creek.


==Some listed buildings==
Gowrie Creek drains to the west across the [[Darling Downs]] and is a tributary of the [[Condamine River]], part of the [[Murray-Darling Basin]]. The water flowing down Gowrie Creek makes its way some {{convert|3000|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} to the mouth of the [[Murray River]] near [[Adelaide]] in [[South Australia]]. Rain which falls on the easternmost streets of Toowoomba flows east to [[Moreton Bay]] a distance of around {{convert|170|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}}.
*[[Ekebyhovs slott]]
*[[Ekenäs slott]]
*[[Medborgarhuset, Eslöv|Eslövs Medborgarhus]]
*[[Godegårds bruk]]
*[[Helsingborgs konserthus]]
*[[Lunds centralstation]]
*[[Medevi brunn]]
*[[Norre Port|Norre Port i Halmstad]]
*[[Grimeton VLF transmitter]] (also a [[World Heritage Site]])
*[[Scharinska villan]]
*[[Svedens gård]]
*[[Vadstena castle]]
*[[Övralid]]


==Climate==
==See also==
* [[Architecture of Sweden]]
{{Unreferenced|date=October 2008}}
* [[List of historic buildings in Sweden]]
Toowoomba enjoys four distinct [[seasons]] and the rich [[volcanic soil]] in the region helps maintain the 150 public [[park]]s that are scattered across the city. [[Jacaranda]] and [[Cinnamomum camphora|Camphor laurel]] [[tree]]s line many of the city streets. The city's reputation as 'The Garden City' is highlighted during the Australian Carnival of Flowers festival held in September each year. [[Deciduous]] trees from around the world line many of the parks, giving a display of autumn colour. This is particularly rare in Australia, as nearly the entire continent is forested with [[evergreen]]s.
* [[Blue plaque]]

Daily maximum temperatures in Toowoomba average {{convert|27|C|F|0|lk=on}} in summer and {{convert|16|C|F|0|}} in winter. According to the [[Bureau of Meteorology]], the highest temperature ever recorded in Toowoomba was {{convert|39.3|C|F|1|}}, while the lowest was {{convert|-4.4|C|F|0|}}. Winter temperatures seldom go below [[freezing]]; however (in a situation unique among Queensland cities), [[snow]] has been reported on the higher parts of the city on rare occasions. Light [[frost]] will be experienced several nights each winter in the city centre; more often in the western suburbs.

Average annual rainfall, according to the Bureau of Meteorology, is {{convert|928|mm|in|0|}} per year in Toowoomba City. Rainfall in the eastern suburbs along the Great Diving Range nudges {{convert|1000|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} per year.

Currently, a combination of below average rainfall and significant [[population growth]] has seen temporary water restrictions imposed, including a complete ban on [[watering]] gardens. The city is under level 5 water restrictions as of September 26, 2006. This prohibits residents from watering their lawns, gardens or cars, and residents are strongly urged to cut down on water consumption. Despite dams reaching critical levels, the city [[Toowoomba Water Futures Referendum 2006|rejected the use of recycled water in a plebiscite]] on July 29, 2006.

==Governance==
{{main|Politics of Toowoomba, Queensland}}

Toowoomba is located in and is the seat of the [[Toowoomba Regional Council]] headed by the [[Mayor]]. The city is represented in the [[Parliament of Queensland]] by three seats: [[Electoral district of Toowoomba North|Toowoomba North]], [[Electoral district of Toowoomba South|Toowoomba South]] and [[Electoral district of Cunningham|Cunningham]]. Toowoomba North is the only Labor held seat in Toowoomba. In the [[Parliament of Australia|Commonwealth Parliament]], Toowoomba forms part of the [[Division of Groom]], which is held by [[Ian Macfarlane (politician)|Ian MacFarlane]] for the [[Liberal Party of Australia]].

*[[List of Mayors of Toowoomba]]

==Economy==
The largest industry employers in Toowoomba (2004) are retail trade (17.8%); health and community services (13.3%); manufacturing (12.2%); and education (11.1%). Professional employment was the most prominent occupation (18.2%) followed by clerical, sales and [[service worker]]s (17.7%) and tradespersons and related workers (13.3%). {{Fact|date=September 2008}} The [[Australian Defence Force]] is also present in the local community, with the city providing housing and amenities for many of the personnel based at the Oakey Army Aviation Centre (in Oakey, {{convert|29|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} NW of Toowoomba) and Borneo Barracks at Cabarlah to the city's North.

The city also has many large shopping centres.

==Education==
Toowoomba is a major [[education]] centre.

===Primary===
There are numerous [[primary school]]s in Toowoomba. Among these are:

State
* [[Darling Heights State School]]
* [[Drayton State School]] is the oldest school in Toowoomba.
* [[Toowoomba South State School]] is the oldest school in Toowoomba proper.

Private/Religious
* [[Toowoomba Preparatory School]]
* [[Christian Outreach College]]

===Secondary===
State High
* [[Centenary Heights High School]] Principal Maryanne Walsh (since 2003)
* [[Harristown State High School, Toowoomba|Harristown State High School]]
* [[Toowoomba State High School]] (2 campuses)

Private/Religious
*[http://coct.qld.edu.au/ Christian Outreach College] Christian co-educational school with more than 700 students from Kindergarten to Year Twelve.
*[[Concordia College, Toowoomba|Concordia College]]
*[http://www.ddcs.qld.edu.au/ Darling Downs Christian School]
*[[Downlands College]] independent Catholic Co-educational Day and Boarding school
*[[Fairholme College]] a [[Presbyterian Church of Queensland]] school.
*[http://www.glennie.qld.edu.au/ The Glennie School] Anglican day and boarding school for girls
*[[St Joseph's College, Toowoomba|St Joseph's College]]
*[[St Mary's College, Toowoomba|St Mary's College]]
*[[St Saviour's, Toowoomba]] Toowoomba's oldest Catholic school
*[[St Ursula's College]] Independent Catholic day and boarding school for girls
*[[Toowoomba Christian College]]
*[[Toowoomba Grammar School]], independent grammar school (est.1875).

===Tertiary===
* [[University of Southern Queensland]]
* [[Southern Institute of TAFE]] (SQIT) has extensive campuses to the east of the CBD.
* [[University of Queensland]] has a small centre in Toowoomba.
* There are several private post-secondary colleges and training providers in Toowoomba.

==Culture==
===Festivals===
[[Image:Toowoombagardenfestival.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The annual Flower Festival is a chance to show off Toowoomba's parks and gardens at their best]]

Toowoomba is nationally and internationally renowned {{Fact|date=October 2008}} for its annual Flower Festival, held each year in September. Many of the city's major parks and gardens are especially prepared for the Festival, which also includes a prominent Home Garden Competition, with persons able to visit participating homes and gardens for inspection, and a Parade with flower-themed floats. A popular way to arrive at the Festival from [[Brisbane]] is on specially chartered steam train, which captures the yesteryear aspect of travel to Toowoomba in 19th century wooden carriages.

===Food===
Toowoomba is well served by the famous restaurant Weis, in one of the City's oldest heritage buildings dating from the 1920s<ref>http://www.weis-restaurant.com.au/</ref>.

===Architecture===
[[Image:ArtRuthvenStreet51104.jpg|thumbnail|Ruthven Street Looking South]] [[Image:ToowoombaDT1..jpg|thumbnail|City Skyline From Neil Street]] [[Image:Toowoombacbd1.jpg|thumbnail|City CBD Looking South]]

Toowoomba's history has been preserved in its buildings. Examples of [[architecture]] drawing from the city's wealthy beginnings include [[Toowoomba City Hall]], the National Trust [[Drayton, Queensland#Royal Bull's Head Inn|Royal Bull's Head Inn]] and many examples in the heritage-listed Russell Street. Immediately to the east of the CBD is the Caledonian Estate, an area of turn of the 20th century housing, ranging from humble workers cottages to large stately homes, in the classic wooden [[Queenslander (architecture)|Queenslander]] style.

Toowoomba is also home to [[The Empire Theatre]], which was originally opened in June 1911, as a silent [[movie house]]. In February 1933, fire broke out, almost completely destroying the building. However, the Empire was rebuilt and reopened in November 1933. The architectural styling of the new Empire Theatre was [[art deco]], in keeping with the trend of the 1930s.

After years of neglect, the Empire Theatre was extensively renovated in the late 1990s, but retains much of its Art Deco architecture and decorations, especially the [[proscenium]] arch. Able to seat 2,400 people, the Empire Theatre is now the largest regional theatre in Australia.

The City also is home to the [[Cobb & Co Museum]], hailing to the famous mail company's beginnings as a small [[mail]] run in the 1800s to transport mail and passengers to [[Brisbane]] and beyond. It also houses Australia's largest collection of horse-drawn vehicles.

[[Image:CondamineCentre.jpg|thumbnail|Condamine Centre]][[Image:HeritagePlaza.JPG|thumbnail|Heritage Plaza]][[Image:Cottesloe crest.jpg|thumbnail|Cottesloe Crest]]

=== Sport ===
A [[rugby league]] team representing Toowoomba used to compete in the [[Bulimba Cup]] tournament.

Toowoomba currently does not host a team in any of the major national competitions but was home to the [[Toowoomba Clydesdales]] in the [[Queensland Cup (rugby league competition)|Queensland Cup]] state league. The Clydesdales were the feeder team for [[Brisbane Broncos]] in the [[National Rugby League]] (NRL) from 1999 to 2006.<ref>[http://www.thechronicle.com.au/localsport/storydisplay.cfm?storyid=3712929&thesection=localsport&thesubsection=&thesecondsubsection Clydesdales gone forever: Martin - Toowoomba Chronicle - 2006-12-07 08:00:00.0 - localsport<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Clysedales dropped out of the Queensland Cup after the 2006 season due to financial difficulties and are no longer a feeder club for the Brisbane Broncos.<ref>[http://www.sportsnews.com.au/news.php?item.11599 SportsNews.com.au: Aspley new Brisbane Broncos feeder club<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Notable current and former residents of Toowoomba==
* [[Geoffrey Rush]] (Academy Award-winning actor)
* [[Michael Brennan (field hockey)|Michael Brennan]] (hockey player)
* [[Ross Case]] (former tennis player)
* [[Henry George Chauvel]] (first Australian soldier to attain the rank of Lieutenant General, [[Australian Imperial Force]])
* [[Tim Cuddihy]] (Olympic archer)
* [[Natalie Grinham]] and [[Rachel Grinham]] (top women's world squash ranking)
* [[Tim Horan]] (Rugby Union player)
* [[Nikki Hudson]] (hockey player)
* [[Gina Jeffreys]] (country singer)
* [[Geraint Jones]] (English cricketer)
* [[Michael Katsidis]] ([[World Boxing Organization]] lightweight interim champion)
* [[Darren Lange]] (freestyle swimmer)
* [[Meshel Laurie]] (TV personality)
* [[Jason Little (rugby player)|Jason Little]] (Rugby Union player)
* [[Fabian "Fabe" McCarthy]] (Rugby Union player)
* [[Glynis Nunn]] (heptathlete)
* [[Will Power]] (motor racing driver)
* [[Cheryl Praeger]] (mathematician)
* [[Steve Price]] (Rugby League player)
* [[Greg Ritchie]] (former Queensland and Australian cricketer)
* [[Steele Rudd]] (Arthur Hoey Davis) (author best known for "On Our Selection")
* [[Chloe Sims]] (Gymnast)
* [[Karen Smith]] (Hockey player)
* [[Peter Sterling]] (Rugby League player)
* [[Johnathan Thurston]] (Rugby League player)
* [[Nathan Friend]] (Rugby League Player)
* [[Penelope Wensley]] (diplomat and Governor of Queensland)
* [[Michael Witt]] (Rugby League player)
* [[Shane Withington]] (actor)
* [[F Sharp programming language|Don Syme]] (Creater of C# generics and F#)

==Media==
====Print====
* ''The Toowoomba Chronicle''
* ''Toowoomba Mail''

====Radio====
* [[ABC Local Radio|4QS]] 747 (ABC Local Radio)
* 4GR 864 (commercial)
* 4WK 1359 (commercial)- Relay of 4WK Warwick.
* 4AK 1242 (commercial)- Based in Oakey, located {{convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of Toowoomba CBD.
* [[Radio 2 (Australian radio station)|Radio 2]] 1620 (commercial)- Relay of Radio 2 network Sydney.

* [[Sea FM (Australian radio network)|C FM]] 100.7 (commercial) - Named "C" fm rather than SEA due to Toowoomba's inland location
* Double 8FM (narrowcast) 88.0 - Non-community FM station featuring tourist information and the best 60s and 70s music, established in 1996. 88FM Toowoomba & 87.6FM Pittsworth
* [[Triple J]] 104.1 - Also available 103.3 from Warwick and 107.7 from Brisbane
* [[Radio National|ABC Radio National]] 105.7
* [[ABC Classic FM]] 107.3
* Country FM 91.5 (narrowcast)
* 4GOD 92.9 The Light (Christian community)
* 93.7 (narrowcast - racing)
* 99.1 (narrowcast) Kids FM - exclusively kids music and stories
* [[4DDB]] 102.7 (community)

Note: Owners of CFM 100.7 and 4GR (Gold Radio Pty. Ltd) also own all 3 narrowcast stations in Toowoomba (91.5, 93.7 & 99.1 FM).

====Television====
Toowoomba is serviced by four commercial stations and one non-commercial station.
* [[Seven Queensland]]
* [[Southern Cross Ten]]
* [[WIN Television]]
* [[ABC TV]]
* [[SBS TV]]

News for Toowoomba is screened every weeknight at 6:00pm on WIN Television, broadcast live from the WIN studios in the Toowoomba suburb of Mt Lofty. On weekends, news is relayed from Channel 9, Brisbane.

Seven Queensland and Southern Cross Ten have a physical presence in Toowoomba, but local news programs do not exist on these channels. Instead, they carry news bulletins from Brisbane stations Channel 7 and Channel 10.

In addition to the local television stations, most Toowoomba households can receive Brisbane's three commercial TV stations, bringing the total number of free-to-air stations available in Toowoomba to eight.

==Infrastructure==
===Transport===

There are extensive suburban [[bus]] services operated by [[Garden City Sunbus]] throughout the city from around 9:00 am to around 5:30 pm Monday to Friday. A limited service runs Saturday. There are no Sunday services.

There are frequent inter-city bus services between Toowoomba and Brisbane, and other centres.

Toowoomba is not included in [[TransLink (South East Queensland)|TransLink]], the Southeast Queensland integrated [[public transport]] system—a matter of some local contention.

Toowoomba has a twice weekly rail service from Brisbane to [[Charleville, Queensland]] and return on QR's Westlander.

There are no local [[rail]] or tram services, however the development of a suburban railway system has been flagged. Toowoomba is criss-crossed by several railway lines which are largely unused, or used for freight, and idle railway stations can be found in the suburbs (including Ballard, Drayton, Harlaxton and Harristown) dating to when these localities were separate centres.

Toowoomba is serviced by [[Toowoomba Airport]], which is used by the [[Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia|Royal Flying Doctor Service]] and the Darling Downs Aeroclub.

===Health===
Toowoomba is serviced by one public [[hospital]], [http://www.health.qld.gov.au/wwwprofiles/twmba_twmba_hosp.asp Toowoomba Base Hospital], and two private hospitals - [http://www.sath.org.au St. Andrew's Toowoomba Hospital] and [http://www.stvincents.org.au St. Vincents Hospital]. Toowoomba also has the highest suicide rate in Australia.

===Water===

Toowoomba's third water storage Cressbrook Dam was completed in 1983 and supplied water to Toowoomba in 1988. It has a full capacity of about 80,000 megalitres bringing total capacity of the three dams, Cooby, Perseverance, and Cressbrook, to 126,000 megalitres.

The city also has underground supplies in fractured [[basalt]], it sits above the eastern edge of the [[Great Artesian Basin]] (GAB) and to the west underground water is available beneath agricultural [[alluvium]].

The average rainfall in the period 1998 to 2005 has been 30% below the long term average consistent with a prolonged [[drought]] and this trend continued through to spring of 2007. During March 2006 the surface water storage in the dams fell below 25% of full capacity, falling even more to 12.8% as of 10 March 2008<!-- This needs updating regularly, if you feel like it see http://www.toowoomba.qld.gov.au/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&gid=1128&Itemid=107 . Thanks, RdeVjun --> and Toowoomba has level 5 water restrictions while supplies are at such a low level. Groundwater has become a significant contributor to the city's water supply needs and now constitutes one third of the total volume of water treated for reticulated supply (160ML per week)<ref>{{cite web | title = Weekly Water Consumption Figures | date = [[March 10]] [[2008]] | url = http://www.toowoomba.qld.gov.au/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&gid=1128&Itemid=107 | publisher = Toowoomba City Council
| accessdate = March 12 | accessyear = 2008}}</ref>.

Toowoomba City Council's Mayor Dianne Thorley has proposed a controversial potable reuse project under the Toowoomba Water Futures plan which will result in water reclaimed from the Wetalla Sewage Treatment Plant being returned to Cooby Dam to provide 25% of the potable water supply for Toowoomba. Other water supply options include importing water from Oakey Creek Groundwater Management Area (average TDS = 1660 mg/L), importing water from Condamine Groundwater Management Area (Average TDS = 740 mg/L), and water from coal steam gas production (TDS = 1200-4300 mg/L).

One of the difficulties with the Water Futures proposal was that it relied on Acland Coal, a subsidiary of New Hope Corporation, taking the [[reverse osmosis]] waste stream. However, they had never agreed to this. Without their involvement, {{convert|6|km2|sqmi|0}} of evaporation ponds, costing at least an additional $70 million, would have been required. This amount was not included in Council's budget for the Water Futures project. Jondaryan Shire Council is now negotiating with New Hope Corporation to provide water from the Oakey bore fields to Acland Coal.

On 29 July 2006 Toowoomba City Council conducted a poll of Toowoomba residents on the proposal to use this multi-barrier filtration system for filtering sewage for drinking purposes. The poll question was: "Do you support the addition of purified recycled water to Toowoomba’s water supply via Cooby Dam as proposed by Water Futures – Toowoomba?” 38% of voters supported the proposal and 62% opposed.

In 2007, the Toowoomba City Council commenced a bore drilling program to augment the dwindling dam supplies and constructed several subartesian bores across the city and one artesian bore at Wetalla in the city's north. Many of the subartesian bores provided potable water with a reliable yield and have been developed into production however the artesian bore's water quality was very poor, prohibiting development as a potable source. This was an expensive setback for the city as the cost was over A$2 million for drilling to over 700 metres. Drilling of another artesian bore has commenced and in January 2008, yield testing had been stalled due to the unavailability of appropriate pumping equipment.

Also in 2007, the Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water initiated a subartesian drilling program centred on Toowoomba to expand its network of groundwater monitoring stations in the Main Range Volcanics. With the increased demand for groundwater in the area from council, commercial and urban users, more information was required to effectively manage the resource whereas previously the location and density of monitoring stations would not provide enough data.

==Sister cities==
*[[Wanganui, New Zealand]]
*[[Takatsuki, Osaka]], [[Japan]] - Sister city agreement concluded in 1991
*[[Paju]], [[Republic of Korea]]
*[[Bauan]], [[Philippines]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.raa.se/cms/extern/kulturarv/byggnader/byggnadsminnen.html Listed Buildings, Riksantikvarieämbetet] (in Swedish)
*[http://www.toowoomba.org/ Toowoomba.org - Everything Toowoomba]
* [http://www.notisum.se/rnp/SLS/LAG/19880950.HTM Rättsnätet : ''Lag (1988:950) om kulturminnen m.m.''] (in Swedish)
*[http://www.toowoombarc.qld.gov.au Toowoomba Regional Council]
*[http://www.toowoombanow.com.au ToowoombaNow: Everything you need to know about Toowoomba]
*[http://www.thechronicle.com.au/ The Chronicle - Daily newspaper for Toowoomba and surrounding regions]
*[http://ourtoowoomba.com ourToowoomba.com - Local information, events, photos and forum.]

== Further reading ==
''Toowoomba as a Railway Centre'', Knowles, J [[Australian Railway History|Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin]], January, 1959 pp10-16

{{coord|27|33|S|151|57|E|type:city(113687)_region:AU-QLD|display=title}}


{{coord missing|Sweden}}
{{Queensland cities}}


[[Category:Toowoomba| ]]
[[Category:Listed buildings in Sweden|*]]
[[Category:Cities in Queensland]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Sweden|*Listed buildings]]
[[Category:Australian Aboriginal placenames]]
[[Category:Swedish architecture]]


[[cy:Toowoomba]]
[[bs:Spomenik kulture]]
[[de:Toowoomba]]
[[de:Kulturdenkmal]]
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[[nl:Monument (bouwkundig)]]
[[no:Toowoomba]]
[[pl:Toowoomba]]
[[sv:Byggnadsminne]]
[[pt:Toowoomba]]
[[ro:Toowoomba]]
[[simple:Toowoomba, Queensland]]
[[fi:Toowoomba]]
[[vo:Toowoomba]]
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Revision as of 04:03, 13 October 2008

Sign by Turkiska kiosken in Hagaparken

A listed building in Sweden (Swedish byggnadsminne) enjoys the strongest legal cultural and historical protection available. Listed buildings range widely from mediaeval castles to a cinema from the 1950's. The listing is not restricted to buildings per se; parks, gardens or other sites of cultural or historical significance are also protected by law. Listed buildings recount the passage of history and how Swedish society has changed over time. More than 2,000 buildings and sites have been protected as listed buildings in Sweden.

The purpose of listing buildings and environments is to protect traces of history that have had great significance for the understanding of today's society and to guarantee people's access to the Swedish cultural heritage. To protect the cultural and historical value of the buildings, Swedish law provides protective measures to be taken for each such listed building or site.

There are two kinds of listed buildings: individual and government.

Individual listed buildings

The County Administrative Boards of Sweden have the authority, through the third chapter of the Cultural memory law, to list those buildings and sites whose "cultural and historical value is especially notable or which are part of a especially notable site". This can pertain to personal housing as well as industrial buildings, parks and bridges.

The County Administrative Boards decide whether a building is to be listed. Anyone can initiate the process deciding about a listing with the county. The County Board also has the authority to initiate such processes on its own initiative, and to rule in cases regarding actions that conflict with the protective measures. Private persons who own a listed building have the right to apply for subsidies for costs incurred in for instance restorations.

There are over 2,000 individual listed buildings in Sweden.

Governmental listed buildings

There are about 260 governmental listed buildings, for example government and court houses, defensive structures such as fortresses, bridges, royal palaces and lighthouses. The governmental listed buildings are owned by the state and recount important parts of the history of Sweden and its government.

The government of Sweden decides whether a governmental building or site is to be listed. Riksantikvarieämbetet, the National Heritage Board, submits suggested new governmental listed buildings and is responsible for their maintenance. Objects in Sweden that are listed are protected according to the law of cultural heritage (kulturminneslagen or KML) and the ordinance of governmental listed buildings (förordningen om statliga byggnadsminnen). Decisions regarding listed buildings are announced by Administrative Board in the respective county. Record keeping is administered by Riksantikvarieämbetet.

Some listed buildings

See also

External links

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