Retainer (orthodontics) and Fox Terrier: Difference between pages

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The name Fox Terrier or Foxy refers primarily to two different breeds of dog, the Smooth Fox Terrier and the Wire Fox Terrier, that were independently bred in England in the mid-19th century. The two terrier breeds are very similar, with the only major difference being the coats. The Smooth Fox Terrier has a smooth, flat, but hard and dense coat, whereas the Wire Fox Terrier coat should appear broken with a dense, wiry texture.

In show circles, the terms fox terrier and foxy are only used for these two breeds, but in other communities around the world, particularly rural and farming ares, these words are used for these breeds and also to refer to mixed-breed dogs or working terriers of fox terrier type, or to descendent breeds such as the Toy Fox Terrier and Miniature Fox Terrier, which are similar to each other.

Origin

This dog's breeds were established to assist in fox hunting. Before their development, a hunt would be ruined as soon as the fox reached its hole. The introduction of Fox Terriers into the hunting party solved the problem. If the fox "went to ground" (reached and entered its lair), the terrier would be sent in after it. This identified the major requirements for a Fox Terrier. Firstly, it had to have the stamina to run with the Foxhounds. Secondly, it had to be small enough to follow a fox down its lair. And thirdly, it had to be tough, as a cornered fox was likely to turn and try to fight off an intruder, so a foxy had to be able to stand up to it.

The term Fox Terrier was generic until the latter part of the 19th Century. It referred to a group of dogs of varying type which were bred for the hunt. These dogs were often called "foxies" regardless of type or size. The first Fox Terrier, a dog called "Foiler" or "Old Foiler", was registered by the Kennel Club circa 1875-6, and the breed began the process of standardization.

Refinement of breed types led to the assignment of new breed names to the ensuing breeds. A differentiation was made between the Fox Terrier varieties, although the two breeds were shown under the same breed standard until well into the 20th century. The process of selective breeding was duplicated in other countries as emigrants took their dogs to other parts of the world.

Development of the Fox Terrier around the world

In the United States, fanciers of the Jack Russell Terrier were adamant that their dog, of a type created by The Reverend Mr. John Russell, “The Sporting Parson”, was as much of a fox terrier as the smooth or wirehaired varieties. They referred to those breeds as the Modern Fox Terriers. Some Jack Russell owners preferred that their breed clubs remain unaffiliated, to preserve the working qualities of their fox terrier.

The Toy Fox Terrier was developed by selected breeding from smaller Fox Terriers. The breed was recognized by the United Kennel Club in 1936 and generated little controversy.

Smooth and Wirehair Fox Terriers are often referred to as Standard Fox Terriers in Australia in an attempt to minimize confusion.

Today, there are many and varied breeds that are descended from or related to earlier fox terrier types. These include the

The Smooth and Wirehair Fox Terriers are seldom used for hunting these days and are more often pets. Their small size makes them appealing.

Coloring

Genetically, both Smooth and Wire Fox Terriers have base colors of tan or black and tan. The white coloring derives from a "spotting gene", which acts to restrict the formation of color to a greater or lesser degree. This is not related to albinism in any way. The alleles in the series that are believed present in Fox Terriers are sp for "piebald" markings (random spots, saddles, or even blankets of color, with the head solid color or exhibiting some white in blaze or half face) and sw, extreme white, which restricts color to virtually none or eye and ear patches. Pigment of the nose, lips, pads, and so on remain black in all cases. Eye rims are always black where there is color surrounding, but eyes surrounded by white may get rim pigment gradually or sometimes not at all, a very minor fault.

In popular culture

Montmorency from Three Men In A Boat was a fox terrier.
Hyracotherium
Nick and Nora Charles
Tintin's Snowy
Nipper -RCA's "His Master's Voice"
Snitter in Richard Adams novel The Plague Dogs is a fox terrier.
Harry[1], the Smooth Fox Terrier who walked across the Swiss Alps

References

The Fox Terriers. AKC Featured Breed article. Refer to archives.
Little, Clarence. Inheritance of Coat Color in Dogs.
Willis, Malcolm. Genetics of the Dog. Has a good section on color inheritance.www.foxingdanekennel.dk

External links

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-{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}[[Image:ClockFace_Retainers.jpg|thumb|310px|Bottom (at left) and top (at right) Hawley retainers.]]
+[[Image:Fox terrier smooth.jpg|thumb|250px|The Smooth Fox Terrier shows a typical perky terrier expression.]]
+The name '''Fox Terrier''' or '''Foxy''' refers primarily to two different [[Dog breed|breed]]s of [[dog]], the '''[[Fox Terrier (Smooth)|Smooth Fox Terrier]]''' and the '''[[Fox Terrier (Wire)|Wire Fox Terrier]]''', that were independently bred in [[England]] in the mid-19th century. The two [[terrier]] breeds are very similar, with the only major difference being the coats. The Smooth Fox Terrier has a smooth, flat, but hard and dense coat, whereas the Wire Fox Terrier coat should appear broken with a dense, wiry texture.
-[[Orthodontics|Orthodontic]] '''retainers''' are custom-made devices, made usually of wires or clear plastic, that hold teeth in position after surgery or any method of closing spaces between teeth. They are most often used before or after dental braces to hold [[teeth]] in position while assisting the adjustment of the surrounding gums to the changes in bone.  Most patients are required to wear their retainer(s) every night at first, with many also having to wear them during the day. They should not be worn while eating any food or while drinking staining or acidic beverages (e.g., [[Cola]] products and [[coffee]]). There are three types of retainers typically prescribed by orthodontists and dentists: Hawley, Essix, and Bonded (Fixed) retainers.
+In [[conformation show|show]] circles, the terms ''fox terrier'' and ''foxy'' are only used for these two breeds, but in other communities around the world, particularly [[rural]] and [[farming]] ares, these words are used for these breeds and also to refer to mixed-breed dogs or [[working terrier]]s of fox terrier [[Dog type|type]], or to descendent breeds such as the [[Toy Fox Terrier]] and  [[Miniature Fox Terrier]], which are similar to each other.
-[[image:retainerBottom.JPG|thumb|200px|left|The underneath surface of an upper Hawley retainer resting on top of a retainer case.]]
+==Origin==
-The best-known type is the '''Hawley retainer''', which is made of a metal wire that surrounds the teeth and keeps them in place. It is anchored in a specially-molded, sometimes brightly-colored acrylic arch that sits in the palate or floor of the mouth. The Hawley retainer is designed for treatment after use of products that close gaps. The advantage of this type of retainer is that the metal wires can be adjusted to finish treatment and continue moving teeth as needed.<ref>{{cite web |first=Lynn |last=S. |url=http://www.archwired.com/6-_come_off.htm |title=Part Six: After the Braces Come Off |accessdate=2008-08-26 |work=Braces 101: a primer for adults new to braces}}</ref>
+[[Image:Cumple papa 040.jpg|thumb|270px|Tricolour Wire-haired Fox Terrier]]
+This dog's breeds were established to assist in [[fox hunting]]. Before their development, a hunt would be ruined as soon as the [[fox]] reached its hole. The introduction of Fox Terriers into the hunting party solved the problem. If the fox "went to ground" (reached and entered its lair), the terrier would be sent in after it. This identified the major requirements for a Fox Terrier. Firstly, it had to have the stamina to run with the [[Foxhound]]s. Secondly, it had to be small enough to follow a fox down its lair. And thirdly, it had to be tough, as a cornered fox was likely to turn and try to fight off an intruder, so a foxy had to be able to stand up to it.
+The term ''Fox Terrier'' was generic until the latter part of the 19th Century. It referred to a group of dogs of varying type which were bred for the hunt. These dogs were often called "foxies" regardless of type or size.  The first Fox Terrier, a dog called "Foiler" or "Old Foiler", was registered by the Kennel Club circa 1875-6, and the breed began the process of standardization.
-[[Image:Retainers.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Essix retainer in the foreground (used on upper); illustration of an early Hawley retainer in the background.]]
+Refinement of breed types led to the assignment of new breed names to the ensuing breeds.  A differentiation was made between the Fox Terrier varieties, although the two breeds were shown under the same [[breed standard]] until well into the 20th century.  The process of [[selective breeding]] was duplicated in other countries as emigrants took their dogs to other parts of the world.
+==Development of the Fox Terrier around the world==
-Another common type is the '''Essix'''. This clear or transparent retainer fits over the entire arch of teeth and is produced from a mold. It is similar in appearance to [[Invisalign]] trays, though the latter are not considered "retainers". Essix retainers, if worn 24 hours per day, do not allow the upper and lower teeth to touch because plastic covers the chewing surfaces of the teeth. Some orthodontists feel that it is important for the top and bottom chewing surfaces to meet to allow for "favorable settling" to occur. Essix retainers are less expensive, more inconspicuous, and easier to wear than Hawley retainers.  However, for patients with disorders such as [[Bruxism]], Essix retainers are prone to rapid breakage and deterioration.
+[[Image:Foxterrier als Familienhund.jpg|thumb|270px|Wire-haired Fox Terrier]]
+In the [[United States]], fanciers of the [[Jack Russell Terrier]] were adamant that their dog, of a type created by [[Jack Russell (dog breeder)|The Reverend Mr. John Russell]], “The Sporting Parson”, was as much of a fox terrier as the smooth or wirehaired varieties.  They referred to those breeds as the Modern Fox Terriers.  Some Jack Russell owners preferred that their breed clubs remain unaffiliated, to preserve the working qualities of their fox terrier.
+The [[Toy Fox Terrier]] was developed by selected breeding from smaller Fox Terriers.  The breed was recognized by the United Kennel Club in 1936 and generated little controversy.
-Most removable retainers are supplied with a retainer case for protection. During the first few days of retainer use, many people will have extra saliva in their mouth. This is natural and is due to the presence of a new object inside the mouth and consequent stimulation of the [[salivary glands]]. It may be difficult to speak for a while after getting a retainer, but this speech difficulty should go away over time as one gets used to wearing it. There is usually a
-slight change in speech in the first 1-2 weeks, usually in the form of a [[lisp]], but speech eventually returns to normal.
+Smooth and Wirehair Fox Terriers are often referred to as Standard Fox Terriers in Australia in an attempt to minimize confusion.
-An entirely different category of orthodontic retainers are '''fixed retainers'''. A fixed retainer typically consists of a passive wire ''bonded'' to the tongue-side of the lower incisors. Unlike the previously-mentioned retainer types, they can not be removed by the patient. Some doctors prescribe fixed retainers regularly, especially where active orthodontic treatment effected great changes in the bite and there is a high risk for reversal of these changes.  Fixed retainers may lead to [[tartar]] build-up or [[gingivitis]] due to the difficulty of flossing while wearing these retainers. Dylan Hawley of Deep RIver Ontario invented this apparatus in 1991 in an alley.
+Today, there are many and varied breeds that are descended from or related to earlier fox terrier types.  These include the
-== References ==
-{{reflist}}
+*[[Brazilian Terrier]]
-{{Orthodontology}}
+*[[Japanese Terrier]]
-[[Category:Dental equipment]]
+*[[Miniature Fox Terrier]]
-[[Category:Orthodontics]]
+*[[Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz]]
-[[de:Retainer]]
-[[de:Zahnspange]]
+*[[Rat Terrier]]
+*[[Tenterfield Terrier]]
-[[es:Aparatología fija (Ortodoncia)]]
+*[[Chilean Fox Terrier]]
-[[id:Kawat gigi]]
+*[[Toy Fox Terrier]]
-[[it:Apparecchio ortodontico]]
-[[nl:Beugel (tandheelkunde)]]
+The Smooth and Wirehair Fox Terriers are seldom used for hunting these days and are more often pets. Their small size makes them appealing.
-[[no:Tannregulering]]
+[[Image:P1030547 (Medium).jpg|thumb|270px|Basil is a hand stripped British wire haired fox terrier]]
-[[pl:Aparat ortodontyczny]]
-[[pt:Aparelho ortodôntico]]
+==Coloring==
-[[ru:Брекеты]]
+[[Image:Szczenieta foksteriery .jpg|thumb|240px|Wire Fox Terrier puppies]]
-[[sv:Tandställning]]
+Genetically, both Smooth and Wire Fox Terriers have base colors of tan or black and tan. The white coloring derives from a "spotting gene", which acts to restrict the formation of color to a greater or lesser degree. This is not related to albinism in any way. The alleles in the series that are believed present in Fox Terriers are ''sp'' for "piebald" markings (random spots, saddles, or even blankets of color, with the head solid color or exhibiting some white in blaze or half face) and ''sw'', extreme white, which restricts color to virtually none or eye and ear patches. Pigment of the nose, lips, pads, and so on remain black in all cases. Eye rims are always black where there is color surrounding, but eyes surrounded by white may get rim pigment gradually or sometimes not at all, a very minor fault.
-[[zh:牙齒矯正器]]
+==In popular culture==
+*Montmorency from [[Three Men In A Boat]] was a fox terrier.
+*[[Hyracotherium]]
+*[[Nick and Nora Charles]]
+*[[Tintin]]'s [[Snowy]]
+*[[Nipper -RCA's "His Master's Voice"]]
+*Snitter in [[Richard Adams]] novel [[The Plague Dogs]] is a fox terrier.
+*Harry[http://www.trafford.com/08-0628], the Smooth Fox Terrier who walked across the Swiss Alps
+==See also==
+For details about each breed:
+*[[Fox Terrier (Smooth)]]
+*[[Fox Terrier (Wire)]]
+*[[Toy Fox Terrier]]
+*[[Miniature Fox Terrier]]
+*[[Chilean Fox Terrier]]
+==References==
+*''The Fox Terriers''.  AKC Featured Breed article.  Refer to archives.
+*{{cite book|title=Inheritance of Coat Color in Dogs|last=Little|first=Clarence}}
+*{{cite book|title=Genetics of the Dog|first=Malcolm |last=Willis}} Has a good section on color inheritance.www.foxingdanekennel.dk
+==External links==
+{{commons|Fox Terrier|Fox Terrier}}
+*[http://www.canismajor.com/dog/foxterr.html Article by  Norma Bennet Woolf: ''The Fox Terriers'']
+*[http://www.thefoxterrierclub.co.uk The fox terrier club UK]
+[[Category:Dog breeds]]
+[[Category:Dog types]]
+[[Category:Terriers]]
+[[af:Foksterriër]]
+[[da:Foxterrier]]
+[[de:Foxterrier]]
+[[es:Fox Terrier]]
+[[eo:Vulpa terhundo]]
+[[fr:Fox-terrier]]
+[[hr:Fox Terijer]]
+[[it:Fox Terrier]]
+[[he:פוקס טרייר]]
+[[hu:Fox terrier]]
+[[nl:Foxterriër]]
+[[no:Foxterrier]]
+[[pl:Foksterier szorstkowłosy]]
+[[pt:Fox terrier]]
+[[ro:Fox terrier]]
+[[ru:Фокстерьер]]
+[[sk:Foxteriér]]
+[[sl:Foksterier]]
+[[sr:Фокс теријер]]
+[[fi:Kettuterrieri]]
+[[sv:Foxterrier]]
+[[tr:Foksterye]]