Jack Russell Terrier
| Jack Russell Terrier | ||
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| FCI Standard No. 345 | ||
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| Origin : | ||
| Patronage : | ||
| Alternative names: |
Russell Terrier (AKC) |
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| Withers height: |
25-30 cm |
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| Weight: |
5-6 kg |
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| List of domestic dogs | ||
The Jack Russell Terrier is an FCI- recognized, predominantly white and short- legged dog breed from Australia , whose origin is in Great Britain ( FCI Group 3, Section 2, Standard No. 345 ).
Non-FCI-associated breeding clubs in the AKC and KC have their own breeding registers, in which the tall terriers of this type are also referred to as Jack Russell Terriers (see Parson Russell Terriers ). This article describes the short legged Jack Russell Terrier according to the FCI standard.
Origin and history
John (Jack) Russell (1795-1883), priest and passionate hunter, justified this race, because it has a special impact of fox terriers bred. During his time in Oxford in 1819 he bought his first terrier , a white, wire-haired bitch with a badge on her head. This bitch, called Trump , is known as the ancestral mother of the breed . Her picture hangs in the tack room at Sandringham Castle and is the property of the Queen. Trump is described by EWL Davies in his biography Memoir of the Reverend John Russell and his Out-Door-Life from 1878 as follows:
“First of all, their basic color is white, with just one brown spot over each eye and ear and one spot no bigger than a penny on the base of the tail. The fur is close fitting and a slight roughness protects their body from wetness and cold. This fur, however, has no resemblance to the long, rough-haired fur of a Scotch Terrier. The legs are straight as an arrow, the paws perfect. The loins and the shape of the whole frame indicate fearlessness and perseverance, while the size and height correspond to that of a full-grown vixen. "
The red fox was introduced to Australia around 1850 and spread across the country. Fox terriers have been imported from England and used for fox hunting since the mid-19th century . At the time, these dogs were 30 to 33 centimeters tall at the withers. Around 1880 dogs that were direct descendants of terriers of John Russell also came to Australia. Since the foxes colonize rabbit burrows in Australia, which are relatively narrow, terriers were needed whose height at the withers is no more than 30 centimeters. The extensive isolation of the breeding population in Australia led to strong inbreeding on proven hunting lines. The Jack Russell Terrier Club of Australia was founded in 1972. This breeding club tried to get the low legged Jack Russell Terrier recognized as an independent breed. In 1991 the breed was recognized by the Australian National Kennel Council. In 2000 the breed was recognized by the FCI, and in 2012 by the AKC under the name Russell Terrier .
description
The standard stated that the ideal height at the withers is 25 to 30 centimeters. A 25 centimeter dog should weigh around 5 kilograms and a 30 centimeter dog about 6 kilograms. Overall, it is longer than it is high. The circumference of the chest just behind the elbows should be about four to seven inches. He is mostly white with badges in black, brown, tan (Engl. Tan ) or any combination of these colors. The coat is straight, rough or spiky-haired ( broken coated ). The V-shaped ears are folded down. The tail may droop at rest and should be carried upright when moving. When used as a hunting dog, docking the tail is permitted in Germany according to the Animal Welfare Act.
Essence
The Jack Russell Terrier is primarily a working terrier, a hunting dog . The FCI describes him as follows: A lively, alert, active terrier with a penetrating, intelligent expression. Bold and fearless, kind with calm confidence.
breed
The original Jack Russell Terrier, as bred in England for more than 150 years, is between 25 and 38 centimeters (10-15 inches) tall. The small terriers under 30 centimeters look exactly like the larger ones with 38 centimeters, only proportionally smaller; so they are not short-legged dogs. This wide range arises on the one hand from regional conditions (such as burrows in the rock or in loose sand), hunting differences, but also different preferences of the breeders and owners.
In Great Britain, the country of origin, the Jack Russell Terrier is not recognized by the Kennel Club according to FCI Standard No. 345.
In the USA , due to the name conflict with the original standard from Great Britain, represented by the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America (JRTCA), the name "Russell Terrier" must be used for the dogs that are the Jack Russell Terrier according to the FCI Standard No. 345 correspond. Background to the disagreement about the breed standard is presented in the article Parson Russell Terrier .
health
Jack Russell Terriers are predisposed to ataxia and myelopathy in terriers . This rare hereditary disease develops in the first few months of life and is associated with movement disorders and increasing deafness. In addition, there is a tendency to a genetically determined weakness of the eye lens suspension system and thus to a lens displacement , possibly with secondary glaucoma . There is a genetic test to detect this eye disease.
literature
- Sheila Atter: Jack Russell Terriers Today. Howell Book House, New York NY 1995, ISBN 0-87605-194-8 .
- Eddie Chapman: The real Jack Russell. Kynos Verlag , Mürlenbach 1995, ISBN 3-924008-99-X .
- By the Author of "Dartmoor Days," etc. [ie: Edward WL Davies]: A Memoir of the Rev. J. Russell, and his Out-Door-Life. R. Bentley & Son, London 1878 (Reprint: Read Books, sl 2005, ISBN 1-84664-044-X ).
- Jean Jackson, Frank Jackson: The Making of the Parson Jack Russell Terrier. The Boydell Press, Woodbridge et al. 1986, ISBN 0-85115-437-9 .
- Mary Strom (Ed.): The great Jack Russell Terrier book. Kynos-Verlag, Mürlenbach 2000, ISBN 3-933228-18-2 .
Web links
- Breed standard No. 345 of the FCI: Jack Russell Terrier (PDF)
- Jack Russell Terrier website of the Club for Terriers Germany (member VDH, FCI)
- Russell Terrier Club Switzerland (RTC-CH, FCI)
- Parson and Jack Russell Terrier Club Austria (member FCI)
Individual evidence
- ^ Sheila Atter: Jack Russell Terriers Today. 1995, p. 7.
- ↑ In Engl. Original text: “ In the first place, the color is white with just a patch of dark tan over each eye and ear, while a similar dot, not larger than a penny piece, marks the root of the tail. The coat, wich is thick, close, and a trifle wiry, is well calculated to protect the body from wet and cold, but has no affinity with the long, rough jacket of a Scotch terrier. The legs are straight as arrows, the feet perfect; the loins and conformation of the whole frame indicative of hardihood and endurance; while the size and height of the animal may be compared to that of a full-grown vixen fox. ”See John Russel: A memoir of the Rev. John Russell and his out-of-door life ( EN , PDF (18.8MB)) 1902. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
- ↑ Mary Strom (Ed.): The great Jack Russell Terrier book. 2000, p. 116.
- ^ Sheila Atter: Jack Russell Terriers Today. 1995, p. 182.
- ^ A b Mary Strom (Ed.): The great Jack Russell Terrier book. 2000, p. 117.
- ^ Jack Russell Terrier Club of NSW (New South Wales): History and Origin of the Breed. ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Sheila Atter: Jack Russell Terriers Today. 1995, p. 184.
- ↑ Russell Terrier on the AKC website
- ↑ Description according to FCI
- ↑ Breed Standard from the Jack Russell Terrier Club Great Britain
- ↑ Eddie Chapman: The Real Jack Russell. 1995, p. 22 f.
- ↑ Frequently Asked Questions; American Russell Terrier Club ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Andrea Steinmetz: Glaucoma - how to recognize and how to treat it correctly. In: Kompaktvet No. 9 (2013), pp. 2-3.
