Morane-Saulnier MS.341: Difference between revisions

MS.341
Role	Light aircraft
National origin	France
Manufacturer	Morane-Saulnier
First flight	April 1933
Number built	c.40 (all variants)

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The Morane-Saulnier MS.341 was a single engine parasol wing training and touring aircraft built in France in the mid-1930s. It had two open cockpits in tandem and was sold to private owners, clubs and the Armée de l'Air.

Design and development[edit]

The MS.341 was a typical Morane-Saulnier parasol wing monoplane, though it was intended to bring this tradition into line with 1930s practice. Of mixed wood and metal construction, it was designed for club and training rôles. The wing, with 18° of sweep but with no dihedral, was mounted centrally to the upper fuselage by N-shaped cabane struts and braced with V-form lift struts from mid-span to the lower fuselage longeron. The fuselage was flat sided with a curved decking and tandem open cockpits, the forward one under the wing leading edge where there was a cut-out for better visibility. The MS.341 had a fin with a straight leading edge and a tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage, braced to the fin. The rudder extended to the bottom of the fuselage, moving between the two separate elevators. Both control surfaces were horn balanced^[1]

The MS.341 had a conventional undercarriage with a small tailwheel. Single mainwheels were mounted on V-form legs hinged centrally under the fuselage. Vertical shock absorber in broad fairings were supported by an array of four struts, one to the forward lift strut's junction with the wing, one to the upper fuselage longeron and two to the lower one. Most of the variants in the MS.340 family were powered by air-cooled inverted four cylinder in-line piston engines from either Renault or de Havilland. The exception was the MS.343 variant which had a nine-cylinder Salmson 9N radial.^[1]

The final variant was the MS.345 which appeared in 1935. It had dihedral on the wings and a taller fin and rudder. The shock absorber mounting was simplified, with the four struts per side replaced with a Y-shaped strut between wing and undercarriage leg. The leg struts were now faired together and the wheels spatted. It was powered by a 100 kW (140 hp) Renault 4Pei engine.^[1]

The MS.340 prototype made its first flight in April 1933, powered by a 90 kW (120 hp) de Havilland Gipsy III but later flew as a MS.341 with a 90 kW (120 hp) Renault 4Pdi engine. The MS.345 first flew in June 1935 but by this time Morane-Saulnier were concentrating on the MS.405/6 fighter and in the absence of orders for the MS.345 development of the lightplane ceased.^[1]

Operational history[edit]

The great majority of the MS.340 series aircraft owned by private individuals and clubs were MS.421s, with the French engine. They account for about nineteen of the twenty seven examples of all variants on the reconstructed French Civil register. Five British engined MS.342s appear but four of these were later re-engined to make them MS.341s. Three MS.341s are known to have flown with Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War.^[1]

In addition, twelve MS.343s were sold to L'Armée de l'Air.^[1]

Variants[edit]

Data from Howson^[1]

MS.340: Prototype with 89.5 kW (120 hp) de Havilland Gipsy III inverted in-line engine.
MS.341: Prototype re-engined with an 89.5 kW (120 hp) Renault 4Pdi inverted in-line.
MS.341/2: 89.5 kW (120 hp) Renault 4Pdi inverted in-line engine.
MS.341/3: 104 kW (140 hp) Renault 4Pei inverted in-line engine.
MS.342: 97 kW (130 hp) de Havilland Gipsy Major inverted in-line engine.
MS.342/2: MS.342 with enclosed cockpits.^[2] One only.
MS.343: 130.5 kW (175 hp) Salmson 9Nd radial engine.
MS.343/2: 100 kW (135 hp) Salmson 9Nc radial engine.
MS.345: Modifications to wings, undercarriage and empennage. 100 kW (140 hp) Renault 4Pei inverted in-line engine.

Survivors[edit]

A MS.341/3 and a MS.342 are in the Amicale Jean-Baptiste Salis collection at Czerny, though neither is on public display; one is being restored.^[3]

Operators[edit]

France

French Air Force

Spain

Spanish Republican Air Force^[4]

Specifications (MS.341/3)[edit]

Data from Howson^[1]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 6.94 m (22 ft 9 in)
Wingspan: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
Height: 2.29 m (7 ft 6 in)
Wing area: 15.75 m² (169.5 sq ft)
Empty weight: 557 kg (1,228 lb)
Gross weight: 920 kg (2,028 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Renault 4Pei 4-cylinder inverted air-cooled in-line piston, 100 kW (140 hp) at 2,400 rpm^[5]
Propellers: 2-bladed

Performance

Maximum speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn)

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Howson, Gerald (1990). Aircraft of the Spanish Civil War. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. pp. 242–3. ISBN 0-85177-842-9.
^ Parmentier, Bruno. "Aviafrance" (in French). France: Aviafrance. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
^ Ogden, Bob (2009). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-85130-418-2.
^ "Spanish Civil War Aircraft". Retrieved 2012-04-14.
^ Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5734-4.

External links[edit]

Media related to Morane-Saulnier MS.341 at Wikimedia Commons
Imágenes de personal de las Fuerzas Aéreas republicanas

[Howson-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Howson, Gerald (1990). Aircraft of the Spanish Civil War. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. pp. 242–3. ISBN 0-85177-842-9.

[Morane-Saulnier_MS-342/2-2] Parmentier, Bruno. "Aviafrance" (in French). France: Aviafrance. Retrieved 2 September 2011.

[Ogden-3] Ogden, Bob (2009). Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-85130-418-2.

[4] "Spanish Civil War Aircraft". Retrieved 2012-04-14.

[JAWA38-5] Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5734-4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
 {|{{Infobox aircraft begin
- | name=MS.341
+| name = MS.341
+| image = Morane-Saulnier MS.341 photo L'Aerophile January 1935.jpg
- | image=
- | caption=
+| caption =
 }}{{Infobox aircraft type
- | type=[[Light aircraft]]
+| type = [[Light aircraft]]
- | national origin=[[France]]
+| national origin = [[France]]
- | manufacturer=[[Morane-Saulnier]]
+| manufacturer = [[Morane-Saulnier]]
- | designer=
+| designer =
- | first flight=April 1933
+| first flight = April 1933
- | introduced=
+| introduced =
- | retired=
+| retired =
- | status=
+| status =
- | primary user=
+| primary user =
- | more users= <!--Limited to three in total; separate using <br /> -->
+| more users = <!--Limited to three in total; separate using <br /> -->
- | produced= <!--years in production-->
+| produced = <!--years in production-->
- | number built=c.40 (all variants)<ref name=avia/>
+| number built = c.40 (all variants)
- | program cost= <!--Total program cost-->
+| program cost = <!--Total program cost-->
- | unit cost= <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft-->
+| unit cost = <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft-->
- | developed from=
+| developed from =
- | variants with their own articles=
+| variants with their own articles =
 }}
 |}
 The '''Morane-Saulnier MS.341''' was a single engine [[parasol wing]] [[Trainer (aircraft)|training]] and touring aircraft built in [[France]] in the mid-1930s.  It had two open cockpits in tandem and was sold to private owners, clubs and the [[Armée de l'Air]].
 ==Design and development==
-The MS.341 was a typical Morane-Saulnier parasol wing [[monoplane]], though it was intended to bring this tradition into line with 1930s practice.  Of mixed wood and metal construction, it was designed for club and training rôles.  The wing, with 18°<ref name=avia/> of sweep but with no dihedral, was mounted centrally to the upper [[fuselage]] by N-shaped [[Cabane strut|cabane]] struts and braced with V-form [[lift strut]]s from mid-span to the lower fuselage [[longeron]].  The fuselage was flat sided with a curved decking and tandem open cockpits, the forward one under the wing leading edge where there was a cut-out for better visibility. The MS.341 had a [[fin]] with a straight leading edge and a tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage, braced to the fin.  The [[rudder]] extended to the bottom of the fuselage, moving between the two separate [[elevator (aircraft)|elevators]].  Both control surfaces were [[balanced rudder|horn balanced]]<ref name=Howson/>
+The MS.341 was a typical Morane-Saulnier parasol wing [[monoplane]], though it was intended to bring this tradition into line with 1930s practice.  Of mixed wood and metal construction, it was designed for club and training rôles.  The wing, with 18° of sweep but with no dihedral, was mounted centrally to the upper [[fuselage]] by N-shaped [[Cabane strut|cabane]] struts and braced with V-form [[lift strut]]s from mid-span to the lower fuselage [[longeron]].  The fuselage was flat sided with a curved decking and tandem open cockpits, the forward one under the wing leading edge where there was a cut-out for better visibility. The MS.341 had a [[fin]] with a straight leading edge and a tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage, braced to the fin.  The [[rudder]] extended to the bottom of the fuselage, moving between the two separate [[elevator (aircraft)|elevators]].  Both control surfaces were [[balanced rudder|horn balanced]]<ref name=Howson/>
-The MS.341 had a [[conventional undercarriage]] with a small tailwheel.  Single mainwheels were mounted on V-form legs hinged centrally under the fuselage.  Vertical [[shock absorber]] in broad [[fairing (aircraft)|fairings]] were supported by an array of four struts, one to the forward lift strut's junction with the wing, one to the upper fuselage longeron and two to the lower one.  Most of the variants in the MS.340 family were powered by air-cooled inverted four cylinder in-line piston engines from either [[Renault]] or [[de Havilland]].  The exception was the MS.343 variant which had a nine cylinder Salmson 9N radial.<ref name=Howson/>
+The MS.341 had a [[conventional undercarriage]] with a small tailwheel.  Single mainwheels were mounted on V-form legs hinged centrally under the fuselage.  Vertical [[shock absorber]] in broad [[fairing (aircraft)|fairings]] were supported by an array of four struts, one to the forward lift strut's junction with the wing, one to the upper fuselage longeron and two to the lower one.  Most of the variants in the MS.340 family were powered by air-cooled inverted four cylinder in-line piston engines from either [[Renault]] or [[de Havilland]].  The exception was the MS.343 variant which had a nine-cylinder Salmson 9N radial.<ref name=Howson/>
 The final variant was the MS.345 which appeared in 1935. It had dihedral on the wings and a taller fin and rudder. The shock absorber mounting was simplified, with the four struts per side replaced with a Y-shaped strut between wing and undercarriage leg.  The leg struts were now faired together and the wheels [[aircraft fairing|spatted]]. It was powered by a 100&nbsp;kW (140&nbsp;hp) Renault 4Pei engine.<ref name=Howson/>
@@ Line 34: / Line 35: @@
 ==Operational history==
-The great majority of the MS.340 series aircraft owned by private individuals and clubs were MS.421s, with the French engine. They account for about nineteen of the twenty seven examples of all variants on the reconstructed French Civil register.  Five British engined MS.342s appear but four of these were later re-engined to make them MS.341s.<ref name=GY/> Three MS.341s are known to have flown with [[Second Spanish Republic|Republican]] forces in the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref name=Howson/>
+The great majority of the MS.340 series aircraft owned by private individuals and clubs were MS.421s, with the French engine. They account for about nineteen of the twenty seven examples of all variants on the reconstructed French Civil register.  Five British engined MS.342s appear but four of these were later re-engined to make them MS.341s. Three MS.341s are known to have flown with [[Second Spanish Republic|Republican]] forces in the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref name=Howson/>
 In addition, twelve MS.343s were sold to L'Armée de l'Air.<ref name=Howson/>
 ==Variants==
+[[File:Morane-Saulnier_MS_340_L'Aerophile_July_1933.jpg|thumb|Morane-Saulnier MS 340 photo from L'Aerophile July 1933]]
 ''Data from'' Howson<ref name=Howson/>
 ;MS.340
 :Prototype with 89.5&nbsp;kW (120&nbsp;hp) [[de Havilland Gipsy III]] inverted in-line engine.
 ;MS.341
-:Prototype re-engined with a 89.5&nbsp;kW (120&nbsp;hp) [[Renault 4P]]di inverted in-line.
+:Prototype re-engined with an 89.5&nbsp;kW (120&nbsp;hp) [[Renault 4P]]di inverted in-line.
 ;MS.341/2
 :89.5&nbsp;kW (120&nbsp;hp) Renault 4Pdi inverted in-line engine.
@@ Line 50: / Line 53: @@
 :97&nbsp;kW (130&nbsp;hp) [[de Havilland Gipsy Major]] inverted in-line engine.
 ;MS.342/2
-:MS.342 with enclosed cockpits.<ref name="Morane-Saulnier MS-342/2"/> One only.<ref name=GY/>
+:MS.342 with enclosed cockpits.<ref name="Morane-Saulnier MS-342/2"/> One only.
 ;MS.343
 :130.5&nbsp;kW (175&nbsp;hp) [[Salmson 9Nd]] radial engine.
@@ Line 61: / Line 64: @@
 ==Survivors==
 A MS.341/3 and a MS.342 are in the [[Amicale Jean-Baptiste Salis]] collection at [[Czerny]], though neither is on public display; one is being restored.<ref name=Ogden/>
+==Operators==
+[[File:Morane-Saulnier_MS_341-Spanish_Republican_AF.jpg|thumb|MS 341 of the [[Spanish Republican Air Force]] training facility at [[Santiago de la Ribera]]. 1937.]]
+;{{FRA}}
+* [[French Air Force]]
+;{{flag|Spain|1931}}
+*[[Spanish Republican Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Spanish Civil War Aircraft|url=http://www.zi.ku.dk/personal/drnash/model/spain/did.html|access-date=2012-04-14}}</ref>
 ==Specifications (MS.341/3)==
@@ Line 156: / Line 167: @@
 |climb rate note=
 |time to altitude=
-|wing loading kg/m2
+|wing loading kg/m2=
 |wing loading lb/sqft=
 |wing loading note=
@@ Line 165: / Line 176: @@
 }}
-<!-- ==See also== -->
+==See also==
 {{aircontent
 <!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
 |see also=
-|related=<!-- related developments -->
+|related=
 |similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
 |lists=<!-- related lists -->
+*[[List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force]]
+*[[List of Interwar military aircraft]]
 }}
 <!--==Notes==-->
 ==References==
-{{commonscat|Morane-Saulnier}}
 {{reflist|refs=
-<ref name=Howson>{{cite book |title= Aircraft of the Spanish Civil War|last=Howson|first=Gerald| year=1990||volume=|publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books|location=London |isbn=0-85177-842-9|pages=242–3}}</ref>
+<ref name=Howson>{{cite book |title= Aircraft of the Spanish Civil War|last=Howson|first=Gerald| year=1990|publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books|location=London |isbn=0-85177-842-9|pages=242–3}}</ref>
-<ref name=Ogden>{{cite book |title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe |last= Ogden |first=Bob |coauthors= |edition= |year=2009|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|pages=182|isbn=978-0-85130-418-2}}</ref>
+<ref name=Ogden>{{cite book |title=Aviation Museums and Collections of Mainland Europe |last= Ogden |first=Bob |year=2009|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|pages=182|isbn=978-0-85130-418-2}}</ref>
-<ref name=JAWA38>{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938|last= Grey |first= C.G. |coauthors= |edition= |year=1972|publisher= David & Charles|location= London|isbn=0-7153-5734-4|page= }}</ref>
+<ref name=JAWA38>{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938|last= Grey |first= C.G. |year=1972|publisher= David & Charles|location= London|isbn=0-7153-5734-4}}</ref>
-<ref name="Morane-Saulnier MS-342/2">{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=1926&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=931&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=|title=Aviafrance|last=Parmentier|first=Bruno|publisher=Aviafrance|language=French|accessdate=2 September 2011|location=France}}</ref>
+<ref name="Morane-Saulnier MS-342/2">{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=1926&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=931&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=|title=Aviafrance|last=Parmentier|first=Bruno|publisher=Aviafrance|language=fr|access-date=2 September 2011|location=France}}</ref>}}
+==Further reading==
-}}
+*{{cite book |last1=Lacaze |first1=Henri |last2=Lherbert |first2=Claude |title=Morane Saulnier: ses avions, ses projets |date=2013 |publisher=Lela Presse |location=Outreau, France |isbn=978-2-914017-70-1 |language=fr|name-list-style=amp|trans-title=Morane Saulnier: Their Aircraft and Projects}}
-<!-- ==Further reading== -->
-<!-- ==External links== -->
+==External links==
+*{{commons category-inline}}
+*[http://www.sbhac.net/Republica/Imagenes/PersoFare/PersoFare.htm Imágenes de personal de las Fuerzas Aéreas republicanas]
 <!-- Navboxes go here -->
 {{Morane-Saulnier aircraft|MS.341}}
-{{Aviation lists}}
-[[Category:French sport aircraft 1930–1939]]
+[[Category:1930s French sport aircraft]]
 [[Category:Morane-Saulnier aircraft|MS.341]]
+[[Category:Parasol-wing aircraft]]
+[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
+[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1933]]

v t e Morane-Saulnier aircraft
Designation letters	A B C F G GA GB H I J K L LA LH M N Nm O P Q S T TRK U V WR X Y AC AE AF AFH AI AN/ANB/ANR/ANL/ANS AR AS AT AU AV BB BH
Numerical sequence	MoS.1 MoS.2 MoS.3 MoS.4 MoS.5 MoS.6 MoS.7 MoS.8 MoS.9 MoS.10 MoS.11 MoS.12 MoS.13 MoS.14 MoS.15 MoS.16 MoS.17 MoS.18 MoS.19 MoS.20 MoS.21 MoS.22 MoS.23 MoS.24 MoS.25 MoS.26 MoS.27 MoS.28 MoS.29 MoS.30 MoS.31 MoS.32 MoS.33 MoS.34 MoS.35 MoS.36 MoS.37 MoS.38 MoS.39 MoS.40 MoS.41 MoS.42 MoS.43 MoS.44 MoS.45 MoS.46 MoS.47 MoS.48 MoS.49 MoS.50 MoS.51 MoS.52 MoS.53 MoS.56 MoS.60 MoS.120 MoS.121 MoS.129 MoS.130 MoS.131 MoS.132 MoS.133 MoS.134 MoS.136 MoS.137 MoS.138 MoS.139 MoS.140 MoS.141 MoS.147 MoS.148 MoS.149 MS.152 MS.160 MS.180 MS.181 MS.185 MS.200 MS.221 MS.222 MS.223 MS.224 MS.225 MS.226 MS.227 MS.229 MS.230 MS.250 MS.251 MS.260 MS.275 MS.278 MS.300 MS.301 MS.302 MS.315 MS.316 MS.317 MS.325 MS.340 MS.341 MS.342 MS.343 MS.345 MS.350 MS.405 MS.406 MS.408 MS.410 MS.411 MS.430 MS.433 MS.435 MS.450 MS.470 MS.472 MS.474 MS.470 MS.475 MS.476 MS.477 MS.479 MS.500 MS.501 MS.502 MS.504 MS.505 MS.506 MS.560 MS.570 MS.603 MS.630 MS.631 MS.700 MS.701 MS.703 MS.704 MS.730 MS.731 MS.732 MS.733 MS.755 MS.760 MS.785 MS.860 MS.880 MS.1001 MS.1500
Names and nicknames	Alcyon Borel Bullet Comté de Nice or Nice (project) Criquet Épervier, Épervier II and Super 1500 Fantôme Fleuret Lévrier Monococque Paris and Super Paris Pétrel Rallye, Rallye Club, Super Rallye and Rallye Commodore Statodyne (project) Vanneau Versailles (project)