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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Russell, B. |author2=Poss, S. |author3=Nunoo, F. |author4=Bannerman, P. |name-list-style=& |year=2015 |title=Solitas gruveli |page=e.T15622732A15623417 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T15622732A15623417.en |access-date=18 July 2022}}</ref>
| parent_authority = [[Hisashi Imamura|Imamura]], 1996
| parent_authority = [[Hisashi Imamura|Imamura]], 1996
| taxon = Solitas gruveli
| taxon = Solitas gruveli
| authority = ([[Jacques Pellegrin|Pellegrin]], 1905)
| authority = ([[Jacques Pellegrin|Pellegrin]], 1905)
| synonyms = {{Specieslist
|Platycephalus gruveli|Pellegrin, 1905
|Grammoplites gruveli|(Pellegrin, 1905)
|Thysanophrys gruveli|(Pellegrin, 1905)
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Solitas|gruveli|month=February|year=2022}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Solitas gruveli''''', the '''Guinea Flathead''', is a [[species]] of [[Platycephalidae|flathead]] native to the eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]] along the [[Africa]]n coast. It occurs in relatively shallow waters at depths of from {{convert|20|to|200|m|ft}} and is of minor importance to local [[commercial fisheries]]. This species grows to a length of {{convert|20|cm|in}} [[fish measurement|TL]]. This species is the only known member of its [[genus]].<ref>{{FishBase |genus= Solitas|species= gruveli| month = December | year = 2012}}</ref>
The '''Guinea flathead''' ('''''Solitas gruveli''''') is a [[species]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Platycephalidae]], the flatheads. It is found in the eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]] along the western coast of Africa. This species is the only known member of the [[genus]] '''''Solitas'''''. It is also the only flathead species which has a natural distribution which lies outside of the [[Indo-Pacific]].

==Taxonomy==
The Guinea flathead was first formally [[Species description|described]] as ''Platycephalus gruveli'' in 1905 by the French [[zoologist]] [[Jacques Pellegrin]] with its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as [[Guet N'Dar]] in Mauritania.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus|genus=Solitas|access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> In 1996 [[Hisashi Imamura]] classified the Guinea flathead within a new monotypic genus ''Solitas''.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof family|family=Platycephalidae|access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> This taxon is [[Taxonomy (biology)|classified]] within the family Playtcephalidae, the flatheads which the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' classifies within the [[suborder]] [[Platycephaloidei]] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Scorpaeniformes]].<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=[[Joseph S. Nelson|J. S. Nelson]] |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages= 467–495 |publisher=Wiley |ISBN= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Solitas'', the genus name, is derived from the [[Latin]] ''solitarius'', meaning "alone", an allusion to this being the only flathead to have its range entirely outwith the [[Indo-West Pacific]]. The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours the [[biologist]] [[Jean Abel Gruvel]], the collector of the [[Type (biology)|type specimen]].<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes11/ | title = Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Platycephaloidei: Families Bembridae, Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 7 December 2021 | access-date = 19 July 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

==Description==
The Guinea flathead attains a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|20|cm}}, although {{cvt|18|cm}} is more typical.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution, habitat and biology==
The Guinea flathead is found in the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean from Mauritania south to Angola,<ref name = Fishbase/> including [[São Tomé e Principe]].<ref name = ETYFish/> It is found at depths between {{cvt|20|and|200|m}} in shallow coastal waters with sand and mud substrates, It feeds on fishes and crustaceans.<ref name = iucn/><ref name = Fishbase/>

==Fisheries==
The Guinea flathead is fished for mainly by bottom [[Trawling|trawls]]. Te catch is mainly sold fresh and or as [[salted fish]] in local markets, it is also processed to make [[fish meal]] by offshore fleets.<ref name = iucn/>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Fish of Africa]]
[[Category:Fish of Africa]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1905]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1905]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Jacques Pellegrin]]


{{Scorpaeniformes-stub}}

Latest revision as of 10:05, 3 October 2022

Guinea flathead
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Platycephalidae
Genus: Solitas
Imamura, 1996
Species:
S. gruveli
Binomial name
Solitas gruveli
(Pellegrin, 1905)
Synonyms[2]
  • Platycephalus gruveli Pellegrin, 1905
  • Grammoplites gruveli (Pellegrin, 1905)
  • Thysanophrys gruveli (Pellegrin, 1905)

The Guinea flathead (Solitas gruveli) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae, the flatheads. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of Africa. This species is the only known member of the genus Solitas. It is also the only flathead species which has a natural distribution which lies outside of the Indo-Pacific.

Taxonomy[edit]

The Guinea flathead was first formally described as Platycephalus gruveli in 1905 by the French zoologist Jacques Pellegrin with its type locality given as Guet N'Dar in Mauritania.[3] In 1996 Hisashi Imamura classified the Guinea flathead within a new monotypic genus Solitas.[4] This taxon is classified within the family Playtcephalidae, the flatheads which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies within the suborder Platycephaloidei in the order Scorpaeniformes.[5]

Etymology[edit]

Solitas, the genus name, is derived from the Latin solitarius, meaning "alone", an allusion to this being the only flathead to have its range entirely outwith the Indo-West Pacific. The specific name honours the biologist Jean Abel Gruvel, the collector of the type specimen.[6]

Description[edit]

The Guinea flathead attains a maximum published total length of 20 cm (7.9 in), although 18 cm (7.1 in) is more typical.[2]

Distribution, habitat and biology[edit]

The Guinea flathead is found in the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean from Mauritania south to Angola,[2] including São Tomé e Principe.[6] It is found at depths between 20 and 200 m (66 and 656 ft) in shallow coastal waters with sand and mud substrates, It feeds on fishes and crustaceans.[1][2]

Fisheries[edit]

The Guinea flathead is fished for mainly by bottom trawls. Te catch is mainly sold fresh and or as salted fish in local markets, it is also processed to make fish meal by offshore fleets.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Russell, B.; Poss, S.; Nunoo, F. & Bannerman, P. (2015). "Solitas gruveli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15622732A15623417. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T15622732A15623417.en. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Solitas gruveli" in FishBase. February 2022 version.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Solitas". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  4. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Platycephalidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  5. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  6. ^ a b Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (7 December 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Platycephaloidei: Families Bembridae, Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
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