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{{short description|Destroyer of the Royal Navy}}

{{Other ships|HMS Strongbow}}
{{Other ships|HMS Strongbow}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
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|Ship image=HMS Strongbow (1916) V8A7202 (cropped).jpg
|Ship caption=
|Ship caption=''Strongbow''
}}
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{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country= {{nowrap|United Kingdom}}
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag= {{Shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
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|Ship name= HMS ''Strongbow''
|Ship name= HMS ''Strongbow''
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|Ship class={{sclass2-|M|destroyer (1916)|0}} [[destroyer]]
|Ship class=[[Yarrow Later M-class destroyer|Yarrow M-class]] [[destroyer]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|930|LT|t|lk=in}}
|Ship displacement={{convert|930|LT|t|lk=in}}
|Ship length={{convert|273|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|273|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship sensors=
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|Ship EW=
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|Ship armament=*3 × [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF {{convert|4|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} Mark IV guns]]
|Ship armament=*3 × [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=3}} Mark IV guns]]
*1 × single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom" Mk. II anti-aircraft gun]]
*1 × single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom" Mk. II anti-aircraft gun]]
*4 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s (2×2)|Ship armour=
*4 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s (2×2)|Ship armour=
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'''HMS ''Strongbow''''' was an {{sclass2-|M|destroyer (1916)|0}} [[destroyer]] built for the British [[Royal Navy]] during the [[First World War]]. The ship was launched in September 1916 and entered service in November that year. ''Stongbow'' was sunk on 17 October 1917 by the German [[light cruiser]]s {{SMS|Bremse}} and {{SMS|Brummer||2}} in the [[North Sea]], when escorting a [[convoy]] of [[merchant ship]]s from [[Norway]].
'''HMS ''Strongbow''''' was an [[Yarrow Later M-class destroyer|M-class]] [[destroyer]] built for the British [[Royal Navy]] during the [[First World War]]. The ship was launched in September 1916 and entered service in November that year. ''Stongbow'' was sunk on 17 October 1917 by the German [[light cruiser]]s {{SMS|Bremse}} and {{SMS|Brummer||2}} in the [[North Sea]], when escorting a [[convoy]] of [[merchant ship]]s from [[Norway]].


==Construction and design==
==Construction and design==
HMS ''Strongbow'' was ordered from [[Yarrow Shipbuilders]] in July 1915 as part of the Sixth War Programme of shipbuilding for the Royal Navy.<ref name="friedman p310">Friedman 2009, p. 310.</ref> ''Strongbow'' was built as a Yarrow "special", to Yarrow's own design rather than to the Admiralty's own design for the M-class destroyer. Yarrow's design used direct-drive [[steam turbine]]s rather than the geared turbines of the Admiralty design, and had two funnels rather than three. As such, they more closely resembled [[Yarrow R-class destroyer|Yarrow R-class Specials]],<ref name="friedman p157">Friedman 2009, p. 157.</ref><ref name="conways p81">Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 81.</ref> and are referred to as Yarrow R-class ships in some sources.<ref name="ditt p67-8">Dittmar and Colledge 1972, pp. 67–68.</ref><ref name="Manning p69-0">Manning 1961, pp. 69–70.</ref><ref name="janeww1 p70">Moore 1990, p. 70.</ref>
HMS ''Strongbow'' was ordered from [[Yarrow Shipbuilders]] in July 1915 as part of the Sixth War Programme of shipbuilding for the Royal Navy.<ref name="friedman p310">Friedman 2009, p. 310.</ref> ''Strongbow'' was built as a Yarrow "special", to Yarrow's own design rather than to the Admiralty's own design for the M-class destroyer. Yarrow's design used direct-drive [[steam turbine]]s rather than the geared turbines of the Admiralty design, and had two funnels rather than three. As such, they more closely resembled Yarrow R-class Specials,<ref name="friedman p157">Friedman 2009, p. 157.</ref><ref name="conways p81">Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 81.</ref> and are referred to as Yarrow R-class ships in some sources.<ref name="ditt p67-8">Dittmar and Colledge 1972, pp. 67–68.</ref><ref name="Manning p69-0">Manning 1961, pp. 69–70.</ref><ref name="janeww1 p70">Moore 1990, p. 70.</ref>


''Strongbow''{{'}}s hull was {{convert|273|ft|6|in|m}} [[overall length|long overall]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|25|ft|7+1/2|in|m|2}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|9|ft|m|2}}. [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was {{convert|930|LT|t|lk=in}}.<ref name="conways p81"/> Three [[Yarrow boiler]]s fed [[C. A. Parsons and Company|Parsons]] turbines, driving two propeller shafts and generating {{convert|27000|shp|kW}}. This gave a speed of {{convert|36|kn}}. Armament consisted of three [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Mark IV]] 4 inch (102&nbsp;mm) guns, with a single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft gun and four 21 inch (533&nbsp;mm) torpedo tubes. The ship had a crew of 82 officers and men.<ref name="conways p81"/>
''Strongbow''{{'}}s hull was {{convert|273|ft|6|in|m}} [[length overall|long overall]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|25|ft|7+1/2|in|m|2}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|9|ft|m|2}}. [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was {{convert|930|LT|t|lk=in}}.<ref name="conways p81"/> Three [[Yarrow boiler]]s fed [[C. A. Parsons and Company|Parsons]] turbines, driving two propeller shafts and generating {{convert|27000|shp|kW}}. This gave a speed of {{convert|36|kn}}. Armament consisted of three [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Mark IV]] 4 inch (102&nbsp;mm) guns, with a single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft gun and four 21 inch (533&nbsp;mm) torpedo tubes. The ship had a crew of 82 officers and men.<ref name="conways p81"/>


''Strongbow'' was launched from Yarrow's Glasgow shipyard on 30 September 1916 and was completed in November that year.<ref name="friedman p310"/>
''Strongbow'' was launched from Yarrow's Glasgow shipyard on 30 September 1916 and was completed in November that year.<ref name="friedman p310"/>


==Service==
==Service==
Following commissioning, ''Strongbow'' joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the [[Grand Fleet]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92098750&mode=fullsize|title=Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands &c.: Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet|journal=The Navy List|date=December 1916|page=12|accessdate=13 October 2014}}</ref> with the [[pennant number]] G.44.<ref name="ditt p68">Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 68.</ref> ''Strongbow'' was one of eight destroyers detached to [[Lerwick]] in the [[Shetland Islands]], with the duty of escorting the regular convoys from Scandinavia to the United Kingdom.<ref name="nhv5pt1">{{cite web|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume V, April 1917 to November 1918 (Part 1 of 4)|year=2013|origyear=Originally published by Longmans, Green, London, 1931|publisher=Naval-History.net|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN5a.htm|accessdate=13 October 2014}}</ref>
Following commissioning, ''Strongbow'' joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the [[Grand Fleet]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92098750&mode=fullsize|title=Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands &c.: Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet|journal=The Navy List|date=December 1916|page=12|access-date=13 October 2014}}</ref> with the [[pennant number]] G.44.<ref name="ditt p68">Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 68.</ref> ''Strongbow'' was one of eight destroyers detached to [[Lerwick]] in the [[Shetland Islands]], with the duty of escorting the regular convoys from Scandinavia to the United Kingdom.<ref name="nhv5pt1">{{cite web|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume V, April 1917 to November 1918 (Part 1 of 4)|year=2013|orig-year=Originally published by Longmans, Green, London, 1931|publisher=Naval-History.net|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN5a.htm|access-date=13 October 2014}}</ref>


On 16 October 1917, ''Strongbow'' joined a westbound convoy of 12 merchant ships from Norway. The escort consisted of ''Strongbow'', the destroyer {{HMS|Mary Rose|1915|2}} and two [[naval trawler]]s. In the morning of 17 October, [[Action off Lerwick|the convoy was attacked]] by two German light cruisers, the {{SMS|Bremse||2}} and {{SMS|Brummer||2}}, about {{convert|70|mi}} east of Lerwick. ''Strongbow'' sighted two unknown ships at 06:00, in poor visibility, and believing them to be Royal Navy cruisers, challenged them with recognition signals. ''Strongbow'', receiving inadequate responses, had not yet cleared for action when the two German cruisers opened fire at a range of about {{convert|3000|yd|m|-2}}. ''Strongbow'' quickly received heavy damage and was immobilised, and after ensuring that all confidential papers had been destroyed, the captain ordered the surviving crew to abandon ship. ''Mary Rose'', which had been ahead of the convoy, and only realised that the convoy was under attack when her crew heard gunfire, was also quickly sunk, as were nine of the merchant vessels. Neither destroyer managed to make a radio report of the attack, and the two German cruisers escaped unscathed.<ref name="nhv5pt1"/><ref name="massie p747">Massie 2007, p. 747.</ref> Forty-six of ''Strongbow''{{'}}s crew were killed in the attack.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kindell|first=Don|title=1st - 31st October 1917 in date, ship/unit & name order|work=World War 1 - Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies|publisher=Naval-History.net|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1917-10Oct.htm|accessdate=13 October 2014}}</ref>
On 16 October 1917, ''Strongbow'' joined a westbound convoy of 12 merchant ships from Norway. The escort consisted of ''Strongbow'', the destroyer {{HMS|Mary Rose|1915|2}} and two [[naval trawler]]s. In the morning of 17 October, [[Action off Lerwick|the convoy was attacked]] by two German light cruisers, the {{SMS|Bremse||2}} and {{SMS|Brummer||2}}, about {{convert|70|nmi}} east of Lerwick. ''Strongbow'' sighted two unknown ships at 06:00, in poor visibility, and believing them to be Royal Navy cruisers, challenged them with recognition signals. ''Strongbow'', receiving inadequate responses, had not yet cleared for action when the two German cruisers opened fire at a range of about {{convert|3000|yd|m|-2}}. ''Strongbow'' quickly received heavy damage and was immobilised, and after ensuring that all confidential papers had been destroyed, the captain ordered the surviving crew to abandon ship. ''Mary Rose'', which had been ahead of the convoy, and only realised that the convoy was under attack when her crew heard gunfire, was also quickly sunk, as were nine of the merchant vessels. Neither destroyer managed to make a radio report of the attack, and the two German cruisers escaped unscathed.<ref name="nhv5pt1"/><ref name="massie p747">Massie 2007, p. 747.</ref> Forty-six of ''Strongbow''{{'}}s crew were killed in the attack.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kindell|first=Don|title=1st - 31st October 1917 in date, ship/unit & name order|work=World War 1 - Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies|publisher=Naval-History.net|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1917-10Oct.htm|access-date=13 October 2014}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
*{{cite book|last1=Dittmar|first1=F.J.|last2=Colledge|first2=J.J.|title=British Warships 1914–1919|year=1972|publisher=Ian Allen|location=Shepperton, UK|isbn=0-7110-0380-7}}
*{{cite book|last1=Dittmar|first1=F.J.|last2=Colledge|first2=J.J.|title=British Warships 1914–1919|year=1972|publisher=Ian Allan|location=Shepperton, UK|isbn=0-7110-0380-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War|year=2009|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-049-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War|year=2009|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-049-9}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gardiner|first1=Robert|last2=Gray|first2=Randal|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-245-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gardiner|first1=Robert|last2=Gray|first2=Randal|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-245-5}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Strongbow}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Strongbow}}
[[Category:R-class destroyers (1916)]]
[[Category:R-class destroyers (1916)]]
[[Category:Clyde-built ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[Category:1916 ships]]
[[Category:1916 ships]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 22:41, 19 June 2023

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Strongbow.

Strongbow
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Strongbow
BuilderYarrow Shipbuilders, Glasgow
Launched30 September 1916
FateSunk 17 October 1917
General characteristics
Class and typeYarrow M-class destroyer
Displacement930 long tons (940 t)
Length273 ft 6 in (83.36 m)
Beam25 ft 7+1⁄2 in (7.81 m)
Draught9 ft (2.7 m)
Propulsion
  • 3 boilers
  • 2 Parsons direct drive steam turbines, 27,000 shp (20,000 kW)
Speed36 knots (41.4 mph; 66.7 km/h)
Complement82
Armament

HMS Strongbow was an M-class destroyer built for the British Royal Navy during the First World War. The ship was launched in September 1916 and entered service in November that year. Stongbow was sunk on 17 October 1917 by the German light cruisers SMS Bremse and Brummer in the North Sea, when escorting a convoy of merchant ships from Norway.

Construction and design[edit]

HMS Strongbow was ordered from Yarrow Shipbuilders in July 1915 as part of the Sixth War Programme of shipbuilding for the Royal Navy.[1] Strongbow was built as a Yarrow "special", to Yarrow's own design rather than to the Admiralty's own design for the M-class destroyer. Yarrow's design used direct-drive steam turbines rather than the geared turbines of the Admiralty design, and had two funnels rather than three. As such, they more closely resembled Yarrow R-class Specials,[2][3] and are referred to as Yarrow R-class ships in some sources.[4][5][6]

Strongbow's hull was 273 feet 6 inches (83.36 m) long overall, with a beam of 25 feet 7+1⁄2 inches (7.81 m) and a draught of 9 feet (2.74 m). Displacement was 930 long tons (940 t).[3] Three Yarrow boilers fed Parsons turbines, driving two propeller shafts and generating 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW). This gave a speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). Armament consisted of three QF Mark IV 4 inch (102 mm) guns, with a single 2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun and four 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. The ship had a crew of 82 officers and men.[3]

Strongbow was launched from Yarrow's Glasgow shipyard on 30 September 1916 and was completed in November that year.[1]

Service[edit]

Following commissioning, Strongbow joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet,[7] with the pennant number G.44.[8] Strongbow was one of eight destroyers detached to Lerwick in the Shetland Islands, with the duty of escorting the regular convoys from Scandinavia to the United Kingdom.[9]

On 16 October 1917, Strongbow joined a westbound convoy of 12 merchant ships from Norway. The escort consisted of Strongbow, the destroyer Mary Rose and two naval trawlers. In the morning of 17 October, the convoy was attacked by two German light cruisers, the Bremse and Brummer, about 70 nautical miles (130 km; 81 mi) east of Lerwick. Strongbow sighted two unknown ships at 06:00, in poor visibility, and believing them to be Royal Navy cruisers, challenged them with recognition signals. Strongbow, receiving inadequate responses, had not yet cleared for action when the two German cruisers opened fire at a range of about 3,000 yards (2,700 m). Strongbow quickly received heavy damage and was immobilised, and after ensuring that all confidential papers had been destroyed, the captain ordered the surviving crew to abandon ship. Mary Rose, which had been ahead of the convoy, and only realised that the convoy was under attack when her crew heard gunfire, was also quickly sunk, as were nine of the merchant vessels. Neither destroyer managed to make a radio report of the attack, and the two German cruisers escaped unscathed.[9][10] Forty-six of Strongbow's crew were killed in the attack.[11]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 310.
  2. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 157.
  3. ^ a b c Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 81.
  4. ^ Dittmar and Colledge 1972, pp. 67–68.
  5. ^ Manning 1961, pp. 69–70.
  6. ^ Moore 1990, p. 70.
  7. ^ "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands &c.: Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet". The Navy List: 12. December 1916. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  8. ^ Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 68.
  9. ^ a b Newbolt, Henry (2013) [Originally published by Longmans, Green, London, 1931]. "History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume V, April 1917 to November 1918 (Part 1 of 4)". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  10. ^ Massie 2007, p. 747.
  11. ^ Kindell, Don. "1st - 31st October 1917 in date, ship/unit & name order". World War 1 - Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 13 October 2014.

References[edit]

  • Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. London: Putnam & Co. Ltd.
  • Massie, Robert K. (2007). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the War at Sea. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-099-52378-9.
  • Moore, John (1990). Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I. London: Studio Editions. ISBN 1-85170-378-0.
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