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{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Eduard Karplus
| name = Eduard Karplus
| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|09|07}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|09|07}}
| birth_place = [[Hinterbrühl]], [[Mödling]], [[Austria]]
| birth_place = [[Hinterbrühl]], [[Mödling]], [[Austria]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1979|08|01|1909|05|16}} <!-- exact day of death in August 1979 unknown -->
| death_date = {{death date and age|1979|08|01|1899|05|16}} <!-- exact day of death in August 1979 unknown -->
| death_place = [[Belmont, Massachusetts]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_place = [[Belmont, Massachusetts]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| residence = [[United States]]
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| field = [[Electrical engineering]]
| field = [[Electrical engineering]]
Line 13: Line 12:
| alma_mater = [[Technical University of Vienna]]
| alma_mater = [[Technical University of Vienna]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_advisor =
| awards =
| awards =
}}
}}


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a sister of physicist [[Robert von Lieben]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hohenemsgenealogie.at/gen/ahnentafel.php?personID=I12163
a sister of physicist [[Robert von Lieben]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hohenemsgenealogie.at/gen/ahnentafel.php?personID=I12163
|title=Hohenems Genealogie - Jewish Family Research in Vorarlberg and Tyrol |access-date=2015-12-21}}</ref>
|title=Hohenems Genealogie - Jewish Family Research in Vorarlberg and Tyrol |access-date=2015-12-21}}</ref>
He had thee brothers, Johann (Hans) Karplus (father of 2013 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Laureate in Chemistry]], [[Martin Karplus]]),
He had three brothers, Johann (Hans) Karplus (father of 2013 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Laureate in Chemistry]], [[Martin Karplus]]),
Walter Gottlieb Karplus and Heinrich Karplus.
Walter Gottlieb Karplus and Heinrich Karplus.


Eduard attended Gymnasium Stubenbastei in Vienna, completing with [[Matura]] in 1918,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stubenbastei.at/?page_id=2559
Eduard attended Gymnasium Stubenbastei in Vienna, completing with [[Matura]] in 1918,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stubenbastei.at/?page_id=2559
|title=Absolventinen des Gymnasium Stubenbastei |accessdate=2015-12-21}}</ref> and graduated as "Diplomingenieur" from the [[Electrical Engineering]] department
|title=Absolventinen des Gymnasium Stubenbastei |accessdate=2015-12-21}}</ref> and graduated as "Diplomingenieur" from the [[Electrical Engineering]] department
of the [[Vienna University of Technology]] in 1923.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1696893
of the [[Vienna University of Technology]] in 1923.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Proceedings of the I.R.E, July 1945, p. 489) |journal=Proceedings of the IRE |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=489–490 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1945.230230 |year=1945 }}</ref>
|title=Proceedings of the I.R.E, July 1945, p. 489) |accessdate=2015-12-21}}</ref>


From 1923 to 1929, he was employed in the [[radio frequency]] laboratories of the [[C. Lorenz AG]], [[Berlin]], [[Germany]],
From 1923 to 1929, he was employed in the [[radio frequency]] laboratories of the [[C. Lorenz AG]], [[Berlin]], [[Germany]],
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Karplus' best-known invention is the development of the first practical, continuously [[autotransformer#Variable autotransformers|adjustable variable-ratio autotransformer]],
Karplus' best-known invention is the development of the first practical, continuously [[autotransformer#Variable autotransformers|adjustable variable-ratio autotransformer]],
which General Radio introduced uner the "[[Variac]]" brand name (short for "variable [[Alternating current|AC]]") in 1933.
which General Radio introduced under the "[[Variac]]" brand name (short for "variable [[Alternating current|AC]]") in 1933.
In the 1940s and 1950, he continued to work on microwave topics such as signal generators,<ref>{{cite book |last=Van Veen |first=Frederick
In the 1940s and 1950, he continued to work on microwave topics such as signal generators,<ref>{{cite book |last=Van Veen |first=Frederick
|date=2006 |title=The General Radio Story |url=http://www.ietlabs.com/pdf/GR_books/The%20General%20Radio%20Story,%20van%20Veen.pdf |isbn=978-0-6151-7665-9}}</ref>
|date=2006 |title=The General Radio Story |url=http://www.ietlabs.com/pdf/GR_books/The%20General%20Radio%20Story,%20van%20Veen.pdf |isbn=978-0-6151-7665-9}}</ref>
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|issn=0095-9197
|issn=0095-9197
|doi=10.1109/EE.1944.6440390
|doi=10.1109/EE.1944.6440390
|s2cid=51665962
}}
}}
*{{cite patent| country=DE|number=481489 |title= Piezoelectrically driven vacuum-tube oscillator}} (1927)
*{{cite patent| country=DE|number=481489 |title= Piezoelectrically driven vacuum-tube oscillator}} (1927)
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[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Austrian electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Austrian electrical engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]

[[Category:Austrian emigrants to the United States]]

{{US-engineer-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:37, 6 July 2023

Eduard Karplus
Born(1899-09-07)September 7, 1899
Hinterbrühl, Mödling, Austria
DiedAugust 1, 1979(1979-08-01) (aged 80)
Belmont, Massachusetts, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materTechnical University of Vienna
Scientific career
FieldsElectrical engineering

Eduard Karplus (September 7, 1899 – August ?, 1979) was an Austrian-born engineer, best known as the inventor of the Variac.

Karplus was born in Hinterbrühl, the second child of Johann Paul Karplus, a neurophysiologist and psychiatrist, and Valerie von Lieben, a sister of physicist Robert von Lieben.[1] He had three brothers, Johann (Hans) Karplus (father of 2013 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, Martin Karplus), Walter Gottlieb Karplus and Heinrich Karplus.

Eduard attended Gymnasium Stubenbastei in Vienna, completing with Matura in 1918,[2] and graduated as "Diplomingenieur" from the Electrical Engineering department of the Vienna University of Technology in 1923.[3]

From 1923 to 1929, he was employed in the radio frequency laboratories of the C. Lorenz AG, Berlin, Germany, where he worked on mobile high-frequency communication equipment.

In 1930, Eduard Karplus joined the engineering staff of General Radio Corporation in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he designed and developed measuring instruments, including work on early models of oscilloscopes.

Karplus' best-known invention is the development of the first practical, continuously adjustable variable-ratio autotransformer, which General Radio introduced under the "Variac" brand name (short for "variable AC") in 1933. In the 1940s and 1950, he continued to work on microwave topics such as signal generators,[4] including the design of the GR connector.[5]

He was a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and a Fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers (since 1938) .[6]

Personal life[edit]

Karplus was married to Harriet Green (1909-2004). He died in Belmont, Massachusetts, in August 1979.

Publications and patents[edit]

  • Karplus, Eduard (July 1944). "Design of Variac Transformers". Electrical Engineering. 63 (7): 508–513. doi:10.1109/EE.1944.6440390. ISSN 0095-9197. S2CID 51665962.
  • DE 481489, "Piezoelectrically driven vacuum-tube oscillator"  (1927)
  • DE 495552, "Arrangement for transmission and reception of ultrashort waves"  (1928)
  • DE 499602, "Arrangement for tuning wireless stations"  (1928)
  • Coupling arrangement for compensated high frequency amplifiers U.S. patent 1856709 Coupling arrangement for compensated high frequency amplifiers (1928)
  • DE 499599, "Electron tube with inductors in the leads"  (1929)
  • Wireless signaling apparatus U.S. patent 1811357 Wireless signaling apparatus (1929)
  • Self-contained oscillator tube U.S. patent 1916224 Self-contained oscillator tube (1929)
  • Alternating-current apparatus U.S. patent 2009013 Alternating-current apparatus (1934 - the variac patent)
  • Ultra-high-frequency tuning apparatus U.S. patent 2367681 Ultra-high-frequency tuning apparatus (1941)
  • Ultrahigh-frequency tuning apparatus U.S. patent 2578429 Ultrahigh-frequency tuning apparatus (1945)

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Hohenems Genealogie - Jewish Family Research in Vorarlberg and Tyrol". Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  2. ^ "Absolventinen des Gymnasium Stubenbastei". Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  3. ^ "Proceedings of the I.R.E, July 1945, p. 489)". Proceedings of the IRE. 33 (7): 489–490. 1945. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1945.230230.
  4. ^ Van Veen, Frederick (2006). The General Radio Story (PDF). ISBN 978-0-6151-7665-9.
  5. ^ "A Radically New Coaxial Connector for the Laboratory. General Radio Experimenter, Volume XXIII No. 5, October 1948" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-12-21.
  6. ^ "1952 IRE Directory" (PDF). p. 32. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
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