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{{Short description|American behavioral geneticist (1928–2006)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|birth_name = David Thoreson Lykken
| birth_name = David Thoreson Lykken
|image = 20lykken.jpg
| image = 20lykken.jpg
|birth_date = {{birth date|1928|6|18|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1928|6|18|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]]
| birth_place = [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], U.S.
|residence =
| residence =
|death_date = {{death date and age|2006|9|15|1928|6|18|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|9|15|1928|6|18|df=yes}}
|death_place =
| death_place =
| field = [[Psychology]], [[Behavioural genetics|behavioral genetics]]
|citizenship = [[United States|American]]
⚫
| work_institution = [[University of Minnesota]]<br>[[Deep Springs College]]
|ethnicity = [[European American]]
|field = [[Psychology]], [[Behavioural genetics|behavioral genetics]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Minnesota]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]], [[PhD]])
⚫
| doctoral_advisor =
⚫
|work_institution = [[University of Minnesota]], [[Deep Springs College]]
⚫
| doctoral_students =
|alma_mater = [[University of Minnesota]]
⚫
| known_for = [[Twin study|Twin studies]], [[lie detection]], set-point theory of [[happiness]]
⚫
|doctoral_advisor =
⚫
| prizes =
⚫
|doctoral_students =
⚫
|known_for = [[Twin study|Twin studies]], [[Lie detection]], Set-point Theory of [[Happiness]]
⚫
|prizes =
}}
}}


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==Life==
==Life==
Born in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], David Lykken was the youngest of seven children born to [[Henry G. Lykken]] and his wife Frances. He joined the [[United States Navy]] at 17 and then attended [[University of Minnesota]] on the [[G.I. Bill]], earning his bachelor of arts (psychology, [[philosophy]] and [[mathematics]]) 1949, his master's degree in psychology and [[statistics]] in 1952, and his doctorate in [[clinical psychology]] and [[neuropsychiatry]] in 1955. He remained on Minnesota’s permanent faculty for his entire career and taught as a visiting professor at [[Deep Springs College]]. He was an emeritus professor from 1998 until his death. Lykken's wife, wildlife advocate Harriet (Betts) Lykken, died in 2005. Lykken was survived by three sons: attorney Matthew Lykken, physicist [[Joseph Lykken]], and criminologist Jesse Lykken, as well as ten grandchildren.<ref name="nytobit">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/20/obituaries/20lykken.html|title=David Lykken, 78, Dies; Studied Behavior |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 20, 2006 |author=Carey, Benedict|accessdate=October 23, 2015}}</ref>
Born in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], David Lykken was the youngest of seven children born to [[Henry G. Lykken]] and his wife Frances. He joined the [[United States Navy]] at 17 and then attended [[University of Minnesota]] on the [[G.I. Bill]], earning his Bachelor of Arts (psychology, [[philosophy]] and [[mathematics]]) 1949, his master's degree in psychology and [[statistics]] in 1952, and his doctorate in [[clinical psychology]] and [[neuropsychiatry]] in 1955. He remained on Minnesota's permanent faculty for his entire career and taught as a visiting professor at [[Deep Springs College]]. He was an emeritus professor from 1998 until his death. Lykken's wife, wildlife advocate Harriet (Betts) Lykken, died in 2005. Lykken was survived by three sons: attorney Matthew Lykken, physicist [[Joseph Lykken]], and criminologist Jesse Lykken, as well as ten grandchildren.<ref name="nytobit">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/20/obituaries/20lykken.html|title=David Lykken, 78, Dies; Studied Behavior |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 20, 2006 |author=Carey, Benedict|access-date=October 23, 2015}}</ref>


==Work==
==Work==
Lykken was also known for his work on [[twin]]s, which he began in 1970. He was a principal investigator on the [[Minnesota Twin Family Study]], which examines [[heritability]] of certain psychological [[Trait (biological)|trait]]s based on evidence found in identical and fraternal twins. He was a signatory of a collective statement in response to ''[[The Bell Curve]]'' titled "[[Mainstream Science on Intelligence]]", written by ''Intelligence'' editor [[Linda Gottfredson]] and published in the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' in 1994 and in ''Intelligence'' in 1997.<ref name="gottfredson">Gottfredson, Linda (December 13, 1994). [[Mainstream Science on Intelligence]]. ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', p A18.</ref>
Lykken was also known for his work on [[twin]]s, which he began in 1970. He was a principal investigator on the [[Minnesota Twin Family Study]], which examines [[heritability]] of certain psychological [[Trait (biological)|trait]]s based on evidence found in identical and fraternal twins. He was a signatory of a collective statement in response to ''[[The Bell Curve]]'' titled "[[Mainstream Science on Intelligence]]", written by ''Intelligence'' editor [[Linda Gottfredson]] and published in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' in 1994 and in ''Intelligence'' in 1997.<ref name="gottfredson">Gottfredson, Linda (December 13, 1994). [[Mainstream Science on Intelligence]]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', p A18.</ref>


Lykken was the proponent of a set-point theory of [[happiness]], which argues that variation in sense of well-being is half determined by genetics and half determined by circumstances, and has been the subject of international media attention.<ref>Lykken, David. [http://www.psych.umn.edu/psylabs/happness/hapindex.htm The Heritability of Happiness]. ''Harvard Mental Health Letter''.</ref> His research findings suggest that variation in baseline levels of cheerfulness, contentment, and psychological satisfaction is largely a matter of heredity.
Lykken was the proponent of a set-point theory of [[happiness]], which argues that variation in sense of well-being is half determined by genetics and half determined by circumstances, and has been the subject of international media attention.<ref>Lykken, David. [http://www.psych.umn.edu/psylabs/happness/hapindex.htm The Heritability of Happiness]. ''Harvard Mental Health Letter''.</ref> His research findings suggest that variation in baseline levels of cheerfulness, contentment, and psychological satisfaction is largely a matter of heredity.
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He was also a proponent of introducing a scheme whereby every parent or prospective parent would have to obtain a [[license]] in order to have a legal baby, which would depend on the parents being [[married]], [[financial independence|financially independent]], having no [[criminal record]] or [[Debility (medical)|debilitating]] illness, and not being assessed as high in [[psychopathy or sociopathy]].<ref name="Eugenics 2001">Richard Lynn: ''Eugenics: a reassessment'' Praeger, [[Westport, Conn]], 2001, Chapter 14, {{ISBN|978-0-275-95822-0}}</ref>
He was also a proponent of introducing a scheme whereby every parent or prospective parent would have to obtain a [[license]] in order to have a legal baby, which would depend on the parents being [[married]], [[financial independence|financially independent]], having no [[criminal record]] or [[Debility (medical)|debilitating]] illness, and not being assessed as high in [[psychopathy or sociopathy]].<ref name="Eugenics 2001">Richard Lynn: ''Eugenics: a reassessment'' Praeger, [[Westport, Conn]], 2001, Chapter 14, {{ISBN|978-0-275-95822-0}}</ref>


He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Psychological Association]] (Division 1), a Charter Fellow of the [[American Psychological Society]] and a Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].<ref name="APSObits">{{cite web |url=http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2007/january-07/in-memoriam-david-lykken-1928-2006.html|title=In Memoriam: David Lykken (1928-2006)|newspaper=psychologicalscience.org|publisher=Association for Psychological Science|accessdate= October 23, 2015}}</ref> He was also a member of the [[Behavior Genetics Association]] and the International Society for Twin Research. Throughout his career, he consulted with government and industry. He frequently testified as an [[expert witness]] on [[polygraph]] testing and [[personality tests|personality]] assessment in the wake of [[Daubert standard]] requirements.
He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Psychological Association]] (Division 1), a Charter Fellow of the [[American Psychological Society]] and a Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].<ref name="APSObits">{{cite journal |url=http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2007/january-07/in-memoriam-david-lykken-1928-2006.html|title=In Memoriam: David Lykken (1928-2006)|newspaper=psychologicalscience.org|date=January 2007 |volume=20 |publisher=Association for Psychological Science|access-date= October 23, 2015}}</ref> He was also a member of the [[Behavior Genetics Association]] and the International Society for Twin Research. Throughout his career, he consulted with government and industry. He frequently testified as an [[expert witness]] on [[polygraph]] testing and [[personality tests|personality]] assessment in the wake of [[Daubert standard]] requirements.


==Funding==
==Funding==
Some of Lykken's work was funded by the [[Pioneer fund]], an organization often criticized as promoting [[scientific racism]]. Lykken defended his acceptance of money from the fund, writing "If you can find me some rich villains that want to contribute to my research—[[Muammar al-Gaddafi|Qaddafi]], [[the Mafia]], whoever—the worse they are, the better I'll like it. I'm doing a social good by taking their money... Any money of theirs that I spend in a legitimate and honorable way, they can't spend in a dishonorable way".<ref name="ohman">Patricia Ohman (7 March 1984). "Do they get what they Pay for?", ''[[Minneapolis City Pages]]'', p. 8.</ref> Nevertheless, he has praised the theories of eugenic academics associated with or on the board of the pioneer fund, such as [[Richard Lynn]].<ref>Lykken, D. (2004). The New Eugenics. ''Contemporary Psychology, 49'', 670-672.</ref>
Some of Lykken's work was funded by the [[Pioneer fund]]. An organization founded by Americans sympathetic to Nazi policy on eugenics <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/148704865 |title=The Funding of Scientific Racism : Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. |date=2007 |publisher=Univ of Illinois Pr |others=William H. Tucker |isbn=978-0-252-07463-9 |oclc=148704865}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lombardo |first=Paul A. |date=2002 |title="The American Breed": Nazi eugenics and the origins of the Pioneer Fund |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11998853 |journal=Albany Law Review |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=743–830 |issn=0002-4678 |pmid=11998853}}</ref> which openly modelled its support of eugenics on the Nazi [[Lebensborn]] breeding program,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crawford |first=James |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39918034 |title=Hold your tongue : bilingualism and the politics of English Only |date=1993 |publisher=Addison-Wesley |isbn=0-201-62479-6 |location=Reading, Mass. |oclc=39918034}}</ref> and has often explicitly promoted [[scientific racism]] at numerous points in its history up to and including the present.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Edsall |first1=Thomas B. |last2=Vise |first2=David A. |date=1985-03-31 |title=CBS Fight a Litmus Test for Conservatives |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/03/31/cbs-fight-a-litmus-test-for-conservatives/121af96b-41a3-4aae-9ed7-be9f4360ce33/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-09-10 |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.buildingdemocracy.org/reports/defendcoloradonow.pdf |access-date=2022-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910110027/http://www.buildingdemocracy.org/reports/defendcoloradonow.pdf |archive-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref> Lykken defended his acceptance of money from the fund, writing "If you can find me some rich villains that want to contribute to my research—[[Muammar al-Gaddafi|Qaddafi]], [[Sicilian Mafia|the Mafia]], whoever—the worse they are, the better I'll like it. I'm doing a social good by taking their money... Any money of theirs that I spend in a legitimate and honorable way, they can't spend in a dishonorable way".<ref name="ohman">Patricia Ohman (7 March 1984). "Do they get what they Pay for?", ''[[Minneapolis City Pages]]'', p. 8.</ref> Nevertheless, he has praised the theories of eugenic academics associated with or on the board of the pioneer fund, such as [[Richard Lynn]].<ref>Lykken, D. (2004). The New Eugenics. ''Contemporary Psychology, 49'', 670-672.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://www.sprweb.org/articles/Fowles99.pdf For Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology: David Lykken.] Recognition from the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR), ''Psychophysiology'', 1999, ''Oxford University Press''.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060718232051/http://www.sprweb.org/articles/Fowles99.pdf For Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology: David Lykken.] Recognition from the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR), ''Psychophysiology'', 1999, ''Oxford University Press''.
*[http://antipolygraph.org/articles/article-050.pdf Science, Lies, and Controversy: An Epitaph for the Lie Detector] ([[PDF]])
*[http://antipolygraph.org/articles/article-050.pdf Science, Lies, and Controversy: An Epitaph for the Lie Detector] ([[PDF]])
*[http://www.edge.org/conversation/-how-can-educated-continue-to-be-radical-environmentalists How Can Educated People Continue to be Radical Environmentalists? A Talk by David Lykken] (1998); Introduction by [[John Brockman (literary agent)|John Brockman]]. ''[[Edge Foundation, Inc.|Edge]]'
*[http://www.edge.org/conversation/-how-can-educated-continue-to-be-radical-environmentalists How Can Educated People Continue to be Radical Environmentalists? A Talk by David Lykken] (1998); Introduction by [[John Brockman (literary agent)|John Brockman]]. ''[[Edge Foundation, Inc.|Edge]]'
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[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:20th-century American psychologists]]
[[Category:American geneticists]]
[[Category:American geneticists]]
[[Category:Behavior geneticists]]
[[Category:Behavior geneticists]]
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[[Category:Scientists from Minneapolis]]
[[Category:Scientists from Minneapolis]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Psychological Association]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Psychological Association]]
[[Category:20th-century American zoologists]]

Latest revision as of 20:14, 3 September 2023

David T. Lykken
Born
David Thoreson Lykken

(1928-06-18)18 June 1928
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Died15 September 2006(2006-09-15) (aged 78)
Alma materUniversity of Minnesota (BA, MA, PhD)
Known forTwin studies, lie detection, set-point theory of happiness
Scientific career
FieldsPsychology, behavioral genetics
InstitutionsUniversity of Minnesota
Deep Springs College

David Thoreson Lykken (June 18, 1928 – September 15, 2006) was a behavioral geneticist and Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota. He is best known for his work on twin studies and lie detection.

Life[edit]

Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, David Lykken was the youngest of seven children born to Henry G. Lykken and his wife Frances. He joined the United States Navy at 17 and then attended University of Minnesota on the G.I. Bill, earning his Bachelor of Arts (psychology, philosophy and mathematics) 1949, his master's degree in psychology and statistics in 1952, and his doctorate in clinical psychology and neuropsychiatry in 1955. He remained on Minnesota's permanent faculty for his entire career and taught as a visiting professor at Deep Springs College. He was an emeritus professor from 1998 until his death. Lykken's wife, wildlife advocate Harriet (Betts) Lykken, died in 2005. Lykken was survived by three sons: attorney Matthew Lykken, physicist Joseph Lykken, and criminologist Jesse Lykken, as well as ten grandchildren.[1]

Work[edit]

Lykken was also known for his work on twins, which he began in 1970. He was a principal investigator on the Minnesota Twin Family Study, which examines heritability of certain psychological traits based on evidence found in identical and fraternal twins. He was a signatory of a collective statement in response to The Bell Curve titled "Mainstream Science on Intelligence", written by Intelligence editor Linda Gottfredson and published in The Wall Street Journal in 1994 and in Intelligence in 1997.[2]

Lykken was the proponent of a set-point theory of happiness, which argues that variation in sense of well-being is half determined by genetics and half determined by circumstances, and has been the subject of international media attention.[3] His research findings suggest that variation in baseline levels of cheerfulness, contentment, and psychological satisfaction is largely a matter of heredity.

He was also a proponent of introducing a scheme whereby every parent or prospective parent would have to obtain a license in order to have a legal baby, which would depend on the parents being married, financially independent, having no criminal record or debilitating illness, and not being assessed as high in psychopathy or sociopathy.[4]

He was elected a Fellow of the American Psychological Association (Division 1), a Charter Fellow of the American Psychological Society and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[5] He was also a member of the Behavior Genetics Association and the International Society for Twin Research. Throughout his career, he consulted with government and industry. He frequently testified as an expert witness on polygraph testing and personality assessment in the wake of Daubert standard requirements.

Funding[edit]

Some of Lykken's work was funded by the Pioneer fund. An organization founded by Americans sympathetic to Nazi policy on eugenics [6][7] which openly modelled its support of eugenics on the Nazi Lebensborn breeding program,[8] and has often explicitly promoted scientific racism at numerous points in its history up to and including the present.[9][10] Lykken defended his acceptance of money from the fund, writing "If you can find me some rich villains that want to contribute to my research—Qaddafi, the Mafia, whoever—the worse they are, the better I'll like it. I'm doing a social good by taking their money... Any money of theirs that I spend in a legitimate and honorable way, they can't spend in a dishonorable way".[11] Nevertheless, he has praised the theories of eugenic academics associated with or on the board of the pioneer fund, such as Richard Lynn.[12]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Carey, Benedict (September 20, 2006). "David Lykken, 78, Dies; Studied Behavior". The New York Times. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  2. ^ Gottfredson, Linda (December 13, 1994). Mainstream Science on Intelligence. The Wall Street Journal, p A18.
  3. ^ Lykken, David. The Heritability of Happiness. Harvard Mental Health Letter.
  4. ^ Richard Lynn: Eugenics: a reassessment Praeger, Westport, Conn, 2001, Chapter 14, ISBN 978-0-275-95822-0
  5. ^ "In Memoriam: David Lykken (1928-2006)". psychologicalscience.org. 20. Association for Psychological Science. January 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  6. ^ The Funding of Scientific Racism : Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. William H. Tucker. Univ of Illinois Pr. 2007. ISBN 978-0-252-07463-9. OCLC 148704865.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Lombardo, Paul A. (2002). ""The American Breed": Nazi eugenics and the origins of the Pioneer Fund". Albany Law Review. 65 (3): 743–830. ISSN 0002-4678. PMID 11998853.
  8. ^ Crawford, James (1993). Hold your tongue : bilingualism and the politics of English Only. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-62479-6. OCLC 39918034.
  9. ^ Edsall, Thomas B.; Vise, David A. (1985-03-31). "CBS Fight a Litmus Test for Conservatives". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  10. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). 2008-09-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  11. ^ Patricia Ohman (7 March 1984). "Do they get what they Pay for?", Minneapolis City Pages, p. 8.
  12. ^ Lykken, D. (2004). The New Eugenics. Contemporary Psychology, 49, 670-672.

External links[edit]

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