Oreochromis esculentus: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
| name = Singida tilapia
| name = Singida tilapia
⚫
| image = Oreochromis esculentus (Graham, 1928) 2459737974.jpg
| image =
| status = CR
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author= Natugonza, V. |author2= Musinguzi, L. |name-list-style=amp |year=2022 |title=''Oreochromis esculentus'' |page=e.T15457A47182096 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T15457A47182096.en |access-date=3 August 2022}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=15457|taxon=''Oreochromis esculentus''|assessor=Twongo, T.K.|assessor2=Bayona, J.D.R.|assessor3=Hanssens, M.|last-assessor-amp=yes|assessment_year=2006|version=2013.2|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref>
⚫
| taxon = Oreochromis esculentus
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Michael Graham (biologist)|M. Graham]], 1928)
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
⚫
| synonyms = * ''Tilapia esculenta '' <small>M. Graham, 1928</small>
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Perciformes]]
| familia = [[Cichlidae]]
⚫
| genus = ''[[Oreochromis]]''
| species = '''''O. esculentus'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Oreochromis esculentus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Michael Graham (biologist)|M. Graham]], 1928)
| synonyms =
⚫
* ''Tilapia esculenta '' <small>M. Graham, 1928</small>
* ''Sarotherodon esculentus'' <small>(M. Graham, 1928)</small>
* ''Sarotherodon esculentus'' <small>(M. Graham, 1928)</small>
}}
}}


'''''Oreochromis esculentus''''', the '''Singida tilapia''' or '''Graham's tilapia''', is a [[critically endangered]] species of [[cichlid]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Lake Victoria]] basin, including some of its satellite lakes such as [[Lake Kyoga|Kyoga]], in [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], and [[Kenya]].<ref name=IUCN/>
'''''Oreochromis esculentus''''', the '''Singida tilapia''' or '''Graham's tilapia''', is a species of [[cichlid]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Lake Victoria]] basin, including some of its satellite lakes such as [[Lake Kyoga|Kyoga]], in [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], and [[Kenya]].<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> Its common name refers to [[Singida#Lake Singida|Lake Singida]], but this population is the result of an [[Introduced species|introduction]] that happened in the 1950s.<ref name=Genner2018>{{cite web | author1=Genner, M.J. | author2=G.F. Turner | author3=B.P. Ngatunga | year=2018 | title=A Guide to Tilapia Fishes of Tanzania | url=https://martingenner.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/2/5/16250078/tanzania_tilapia_guide_edition1_2018.pdf | accessdate=6 November 2019 }}</ref> This fish is highly valued by local fishermen, who know it as '''''ngege'''''.


In 1927-1928 [[Michael Graham (scientist)|Michael Graham]] conducted the first ever systematic [[Fisheries Survey of Lake Victoria]]. In his official report of the expedition, Graham wrote that "The ngege or satu ''Tilapia esculenta'', is the most important food fish of the lake, whether for native or non-native consumption. No other fish equals it in the quality of the flesh. It is convenient size for trade, travels well and is found in much greater numbers than other important fish, such as semutundu (Luganda), ''Bagrus sp.''''.<ref name=":25">Graham M. (1929.) The Victoria Nyanza and Its Fisheries: A Report on the Fish Survey of Lake Victoria 1927–1928 and Appendices. London: Crown Agents for the Colonies. 256pp.</ref> Furthermore, Graham noted that "The introduction of the European flax gill-net of 5 inch mesh has undoubtedly caused a diminution in the number of ngege in those parts of the Kavirondo Gulf, the northern shore of the lake, the Sesse Islands and Smith's Sound which are conveniently situated to markets".<ref name=":25"/>
⚫
It has also been [[Introduced species|introduced]] into the [[Pangani River]] basin,<ref name=IUCN/> where it presents a threat to the native relative ''[[Oreochromis jipe|O. jipe]]''.<ref>{{IUCN|id=60628|taxon=''Oreochromis jipe''|assessors=Bayona, J.D.R. & Hanssens, M.|assessment_year=2006|version=2017.1|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref>

⚫
''Oreochromis esculentus'' has been [[Introduced species|introduced]] into the [[Pangani River]] basin,<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> where it presents a threat to the native relative ''[[Oreochromis jipe|O. jipe]]''.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Bayona, J.D.R. |author2=Hanssens, M. |year=2006 |title=''Oreochromis jipe'' |page=e.T60628A12388450 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60628A12388450.en}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
This species reaches a length of {{convert|50|cm|in}} [[fish measurement|SL]].<ref>{{FishBase species |genus= Oreochromis|species= esculentus| month = April | year = 2013}}</ref>
This species reaches a [[standard length]] of up to {{cvt|50|cm|in}},<ref>{{FishBase |genus= Oreochromis|species= esculentus| month = April | year = 2013}}</ref> although it only rarely surpasses {{cvt|30|cm|in}}.<ref name=Genner2018/>

This fish is highly valued by local fishermen, who know it as '''''ngege'''''.


===Conservation===
===Conservation===
Due to the introduced [[predator]]y [[Nile perch]] (''Lates niloticus'') and the highly competitive [[Nile tilapia]] (''Oreochromis niloticus''), it has become very rare, with the main population in Lake Victoria itself having declined by more than 80% in the last 20 years.<ref name=IUCN/> In addition to the threat from the introduced species, the remaining populations are also under heavy fishing pressure, leading to the evaluation of this species as critically endangered.<ref name=IUCN/>
Due to the introduced [[predator]]y [[Nile perch]] (''Lates niloticus'') and the highly competitive [[Nile tilapia]] (''Oreochromis niloticus''), with the main population in Lake Victoria itself having declined by more than 80% in the last 20 years.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" /> In addition to the threat from the introduced species, the remaining populations are also under heavy fishing pressure, leading to the evaluation of this species as near threatened.<ref name="iucn status 15 November 2021" />


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{ARKive|3=Savoury cichlid ''(Oreochromis esculentus)''}}
* {{ARKive|3=Savoury cichlid ''(Oreochromis esculentus)''}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1826978}}
{{taxonbar}}

{{Clear}}


[[Category:Oreochromis|esculentus]]
[[Category:Oreochromis|esculentus]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Kenya]]
[[Category:Fish of Lake Victoria]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Tanzania]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1928]]
[[Category:Freshwater fish of Uganda]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Freshwater edible fish]]
[[Category:Critically endangered fish]]
[[Category:Critically endangered fauna of Africa]]




Latest revision as of 21:49, 17 September 2023

Singida tilapia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cichliformes
Family: Cichlidae
Genus: Oreochromis
Species:
O. esculentus
Binomial name
Oreochromis esculentus
(M. Graham, 1928)
Synonyms
  • Tilapia esculenta M. Graham, 1928
  • Sarotherodon esculentus (M. Graham, 1928)

Oreochromis esculentus, the Singida tilapia or Graham's tilapia, is a species of cichlid endemic to the Lake Victoria basin, including some of its satellite lakes such as Kyoga, in Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya.[1] Its common name refers to Lake Singida, but this population is the result of an introduction that happened in the 1950s.[2] This fish is highly valued by local fishermen, who know it as ngege.

In 1927-1928 Michael Graham conducted the first ever systematic Fisheries Survey of Lake Victoria. In his official report of the expedition, Graham wrote that "The ngege or satu Tilapia esculenta, is the most important food fish of the lake, whether for native or non-native consumption. No other fish equals it in the quality of the flesh. It is convenient size for trade, travels well and is found in much greater numbers than other important fish, such as semutundu (Luganda), Bagrus sp.''.[3] Furthermore, Graham noted that "The introduction of the European flax gill-net of 5 inch mesh has undoubtedly caused a diminution in the number of ngege in those parts of the Kavirondo Gulf, the northern shore of the lake, the Sesse Islands and Smith's Sound which are conveniently situated to markets".[3]

Oreochromis esculentus has been introduced into the Pangani River basin,[1] where it presents a threat to the native relative O. jipe.[4]

Description[edit]

This species reaches a standard length of up to 50 cm (20 in),[5] although it only rarely surpasses 30 cm (12 in).[2]

Conservation[edit]

Due to the introduced predatory Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and the highly competitive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with the main population in Lake Victoria itself having declined by more than 80% in the last 20 years.[1] In addition to the threat from the introduced species, the remaining populations are also under heavy fishing pressure, leading to the evaluation of this species as near threatened.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Natugonza, V. & Musinguzi, L. (2022). "Oreochromis esculentus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T15457A47182096. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T15457A47182096.en. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b Genner, M.J.; G.F. Turner; B.P. Ngatunga (2018). "A Guide to Tilapia Fishes of Tanzania" (PDF). Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  3. ^ a b Graham M. (1929.) The Victoria Nyanza and Its Fisheries: A Report on the Fish Survey of Lake Victoria 1927–1928 and Appendices. London: Crown Agents for the Colonies. 256pp.
  4. ^ Bayona, J.D.R.; Hanssens, M. (2006). "Oreochromis jipe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T60628A12388450. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60628A12388450.en.
  5. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2013). "Oreochromis esculentus" in FishBase. April 2013 version.

External links[edit]


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