Oreochromis

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Oreochromis
Oreochromis andersonii

Oreochromis andersonii

Systematics
Ovalentaria
Order : Cichliformes
Family : Cichlids (Cichlidae)
Subfamily : Pseudocrenilabrinae
Tribe : Oreochromini
Genre : Oreochromis
Scientific name
Oreochromis
Günther , 1889

Oreochromis (from Gr. Óreios "mountain dwelling ", and chromis , an old generic name of various fish; Cuvier called the cichlids "Chromides") is a genus of fish from the family of cichlids (Cichlidae). Like the Sarotherodon species, Oreochromis originally belongedto the genus Tilapia .

Occurrence

Oreochromis species occur in lakes and rivers of sub-Saharan Africa, in the catchment area of ​​the Nile and in the Middle East. They can be found in every large African lake and in numerous small ones. In contrast to the Haplochromini, however, they formed few new species in the lakes and only in lakes in which the Haplochromini are absent. Oreochromis species have developed their ability several times, partly independently of one another, in soda lakes with unusually high pH values and simultaneously high salt contents ( e.g. in the subgenus Alcolapia and Vallicola ) or in estuaries or lagoons with a salt content corresponding to seawater ( O. urolepis and O. mossambicus ) to live. Eight Oreochromis species have been widely distributed by aquaculture facilities in tropical and subtropical countries and they have been released in numerous warm lakes and rivers, where they partially displace the native fish.

features

They reach lengths of five centimeters to half a meter and are of quite different shapes. They differ from the genus Tilapia by a larger number of gill spines on the lower section of the first gill arch and other skull and jaw features. All Oreochromis species are ovophilic mouthbrooders , which means that one of the parents takes the fertilized eggs in their mouth and carries them around with them. The clutch usually comprises 60 to 80 eggs, in some species up to 1000 eggs. In most cases, they form a mother family (the male does not take part in brood care), less often a parent family (the male takes part in brood care).

etymology

Albert Günther , who suggested the name Oreochromis , created the name for the new species O. hunteri , which he received from the Kilimanjaro region ( Lake Chala ). He saw the similarity to the other cichlid genera Chromis and Hemichromis known at the time , but found four hard rays in the anal fin, which is why he proposed a new generic name due to the range of occurrence of the new species, which translates as "Mountain Chromis" (from gr. óreios "mountain dwelling ", and chromis ). The fact that most of the species counted today as Oreochromis do not necessarily occur in mountainous areas is insignificant for the name.

Systematics

Oreochromis aureus
Oreochromis mossambicus

literature

  • Anton Lamboj : The cichlids of western Africa. Publisher: Natur und Tier, 2006, ISBN 386-659000-8
  • Anton Lamboj: Oreochromis. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , pp. 723-725.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Ford, AGP, Bullen, TR, Pang, L., Genner, MJ, Bills, R., Flouri, T., Ngatunga, BP, Rüber, L., Schliewen, UK, Seehausen, O., Shechonge, A., Stiassny, MLJ, Turner, GF & Day, JJ (2019): Molecular phylogeny of Oreochromis (Cichlidae: Oreochromini) reveals mito-nuclear discordance and multiple colonization of adverse aquatic environments . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, April 2019, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2019.04.008
  2. ^ Albert CLG Günther (1889): On some fishes from Kilima-Njaro District. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889 (1): 70-72.
  3. ↑ Carnevale G, Sorbini C, Landini W (2003) Oreochromis lorenzoi , a new species of tilapiine cichlid from the Late Miocene of Central Italy. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 508-516. PDF
  4. ^ Anton Lamboj: Oreochromis macrochir. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 724.

Web links

Commons : Oreochromis  - collection of images, videos and audio files