Oreochromini
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Oreochromini | ||||||||||||
| Dunz & Schliewen , 2013 |
The Oreochromini are a tribe of the cichlids (Cichlidae), to which ten genera are counted, which were previously assigned to the Tilapiini . Oreochromini species are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and live in fresh and brackish water . The distribution area in Africa extends from Senegal to the Congo and the rivers of Angola and extends over Lake Chad to Sudan, the Nile and the East African lakes. There are relic populations in the Moroccan Wadi Draa , in the Danakil Depression , in the Jordan and in southern Iran . Some of them are quite large fish that are popular food fish and are bred in ponds. Because of their economic importance, many species have been released in other countries with warmer climates.
features
The independence of the tribes and the difference to the tilapiini is supported by eight molecular autapomorphies , five of which concern the mitochondrial DNA , three the DNA of the cell nucleus . Morphological features of the tribe are the lower pharyngeal jaw, consisting of the fused fifth ceratobranchial, which is as wide as it is long and has a front keel that is longer than the dentate area (not in Tristramella ). The rear pharyngeal teeth are one or two-pointed, in rare cases also three-pointed. In Tristramella simonis they are molar-shaped. The first gill arch carries 13 to 32 gill rakes. Like all cichlids, the oreochromini have two side lines. The body is covered with round scales. 24 to 32 lie in a central longitudinal row. In both jaws the teeth of the outer row of teeth are one, two or three-pointed, those of the inner row are smaller and also one, two or three-pointed. The teeth are strong, sometimes slender and spatulate, sometimes spoon-shaped. In most cases, the jaws can be pulled forward (protractile). The dorsal fin is supported by 14 to 19 hard rays ( only 9 to 11 in Alcolapia ) and 6 to 11 unbranched soft rays. It shows a typical tilapia spot in most species . The pelvic fins are pointed. The fish generally do not develop a hump on the forehead. They usually show a pattern of narrow, vertical stripes on the sides of their bodies. All oreochromini are mouthbrooders .
Genera
The following genera belong to the Oreochromini :
- Danakilia ( Lake Afrera , Lake Abaeded ( Danakilsenke ))
- Iranocichla ( Iran north of the Strait of Hormuz )
- Konia ( Barombi Mbo )
- Myaka (Barombi Mbo)
- † Oreochromimos
- Oreochromis , including Alcolapia
- Pungu (Barombi Mbo)
- Sarotherodon
- Stomatepia (Barombi Mbo)
- Tristramella ( Sea of Galilee , Syria, Jordan)
literature
- Andreas R. Dunz, Ulrich K. Schliewen: Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as “Tilapia”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2013.03.015
- Andreas R. Dunz: Revision of the substrate brooding “Tilapia” (Tilapia Smith, 1840 and related taxa), (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae). Dissertation to obtain a doctorate from the Faculty of Biology at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, 2012, PDF
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stefanie BR Penk, Melanie Altner, Alexander F. Cerwenka, Ulrich K. Schliewen, Bettina Reichenbacher. New fossil cichlid from the middle Miocene of East Africa revealed as the oldest known member of the Oreochromini. Scientific Reports, 2019; 9 (1) DOI: 10.1038 / s41598-019-46392-5