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<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name= MS.755 Fleuret
| name= MS.755 Fleuret
| image=File:Morane-Saulnier MS.755 Fleuret 286-MP-par-05199.jpg
| image=
| caption=MS.755 Fleuret prototype at 1953 Paris International Air Show
| caption=
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type=Two-seat jet [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]]
| type=Two-seat jet [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]]
| national origin= [[France]]
| national origin= [[France]]
Line 21: Line 21:
|}
|}


The '''Morane-Saulnier MS.755 Fleuret''' was a [[prototype]] French two-seat jet [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]] designed and built by [[Morane-Saulnier]]. It failed to gain any orders but was developed into the larger four-seat [[Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris|MS.760 Paris]].<ref name="Simpson" />
The '''Morane-Saulnier MS.755 Fleuret''' was a [[prototype]] French two-seat [[jet trainer]] designed and built by [[Morane-Saulnier]]. It failed to gain any orders but was developed into the larger four-seat [[Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris|MS.760 Paris]].<ref name="Simpson" />


==Development==
==Development==


The Fleuret was designed and built to compete in an order for the French Air Force for a two-seat jet trainer.<ref name="Orbis" /> It was a side-by-side low mid-wing cantilever monoplane with a T-tail and powered by two 800&nbsp;lbf (3.6kn) [[Turbomeca Marboré|Turbomeca Marboré II]] turbojets.<ref name="Simpson" /> The prototype with French test registration F-ZWRS first flew on 29 January 1953.<ref name="Simpson" /> The aircraft was not ordered with the Air Force buying the [[Fouga Magister]] instead and only one Fleuret was built.<ref name="Orbis" />
The Fleuret was designed and built to compete in an order for the French Air Force for a two-seat jet trainer.<ref name="Orbis" /> It was a side-by-side low mid-wing cantilever monoplane with a T-tail and powered by two 800&nbsp;lbf (3.6kn) [[Turbomeca Marboré|Turbomeca Marboré II]] turbojets.<ref name="Simpson" /> The prototype with French test registration F-ZWRS first flew on 29 January 1953.<ref name="Simpson" /> The aircraft was not ordered with the Air Force buying the [[Fouga CM.170 Magister]] instead and only one Fleuret was built.<ref name="Orbis" />


The '''Fleuret II''' an enlarged four-seat development was designed and produced as the [[Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris|MS.760 Paris]].<ref name="Simpson" />
The '''Fleuret II''' an enlarged four-seat development was designed and produced as the [[Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris|MS.760 Paris]].<ref name="Simpson" />


==Indian Air Force Tests==
===Indian Air Force tests===


In March 1954, the sole prototype MS.755 was disassembled, crated and shipped to Begumpet Air Force Station, India, for tropical weather and trainer-suitability trials with the Indian Air Force.
In March 1954, the sole prototype MS.755 was disassembled, crated and shipped to Begumpet Air Force Station, India, for tropical weather and trainer-suitability trials with the Indian Air Force.


The audio memoirs of IAF Wing Commander Donald George Michael detail how Morane-Saulnier’s Chief Test Pilot, Monsieur Jean Cliquet, and a team of 4 or 5 technicians accompanied the aircraft.
The audio memoirs of IAF Wing Commander Donald George Michael detail how Morane-Saulnier's Chief Test Pilot, Monsieur Jean Cliquet, and a team of 4 or 5 technicians accompanied the aircraft.


The assigned IAF senior pilots were impressed with the MS.755 as a trainer, and ran a series of flight instruction tests where low time students with only 10 hours total flying experience transitioned to the jet and soloed with no problems. This led to further tests where zero-time students were taught to fly on the MS.755, and later on the two-place DH Vampire.
The assigned IAF senior pilots were impressed with the MS.755 as a trainer, and ran a series of flight instruction tests where low time students with only 10 hours total flying experience transitioned to the jet and soloed with no problems. This led to further tests where zero-time students were taught to fly on the MS.755, and later on the two-place DH Vampire.


During a flight early in the program, the two IAF senior pilots caused concern with Morane-Saulnier personnel when they pulled 8.5 Gs out of a dive. This was a significantly higher loading than the factory test pilots had reached. The engines were immediately replaced with spares and sent to France for analysis, but it was determined that no damage had taken place to either the engines or the airframe.
During a flight early in the program, the two IAF senior pilots caused concern with Morane-Saulnier personnel when they pulled 8.5 Gs out of a dive. This was a significantly higher loading than the factory test pilots had reached. The engines were immediately replaced with spares and sent to France for analysis, but it was determined that no damage had taken place to either the engines or the airframe.


The IAF tests of the MS.755 ended in June 1954 and the aircraft was then crated and shipped back to France.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Michael|first1=Donald George|title=The MS755 Fleuret Story|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/history/1950s/1231-don-michael02.html|website=Bharat Rakshak|accessdate=2 August 2015}}</ref>
The IAF tests of the MS.755 ended in June 1954 and the aircraft was then crated and shipped back to France.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Michael|first1=Donald George|title=The MS755 Fleuret Story|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/history/1950s/1231-don-michael02.html|website=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=2 August 2015}}</ref>


==Specifications==
==Specifications==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aerospecs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54<ref name="JAWA53p143">Bridgman 1953, p. 143.</ref> & Aviafrance<ref name=aviafrancems755>{{cite web|last=Parmentier|first=Bruno|title=Morane-Saulnier MS-755 'Fleuret'|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=1376&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=931&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=|publisher=aviafrance|accessdate=21 December 2013|archivedate=3 September 1999}}</ref>
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54<ref name="JAWA53p143">Bridgman 1953, p. 143.</ref>
|prime units?=met
|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others -->met
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General characteristics
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|crew=2
|crew=2
|capacity=
|capacity=
|length m=9.70
|length m=9.70
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|span m=9.56
|span m=9.56
|span ft=31
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|height m=2.73
|height m=2.73
|height ft=8
|height ft=
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|wing area sqm=18.0
|wing area sqm=18.0
|wing area sqft=194
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|wing area note=
|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters -->
|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|aspect ratio=5.12:1<!-- sailplanes -->
|aspect ratio=5.12:1<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
⚫
|empty weight kg=1,905
|empty weight lb=4,190
|empty weight kg=1905
|gross weight kg=2,650
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|gross weight lb=5,830
|empty weight note=
⚫
|gross weight kg=2650
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=3050
|fuel capacity={{convert|680|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 type=[[Turbomeca Marboré|Turbomeca Marboré II]] turbojet
|eng1 name=[[Turbomeca Marboré]] II
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 type=[[turbojet]]s
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->3.9
|eng1 lbf=880<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|power original=
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->880
|thrust original=

<!--
Performance
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|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=720
|max speed kmh=720
|max speed mph=449
|max speed mph=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at {{convert|6000|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
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|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
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|range km=725
|range km=725
|range miles=450
|range miles=
|range note=<ref name=aviafrancems755>{{cite web|last=Parmentier|first=Bruno|title=Morane-Saulnier MS-755 'Fleuret'|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=1376&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=931&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=|publisher=aviafrance|access-date=21 December 2013}}</ref>
|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=12,000
|ceiling m=12000
|ceiling ft=39,360
|ceiling ft=
⚫
|climb rate ms=
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ms=17
|climb rate ftmin=3346
|more performance=*'''Takeoff distance to 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|735|m|ft|abbr=on}}
⚫
|climb rate ftmin=3,346
<!--
|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes -->
Armament
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
-->
|armament1=

|armament2=
|guns= 2× 7.5mm machine guns in nose
|armament3=
|bombs= 2× {{convert|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}} bombs
|armament4=
|rockets= 4× {{convert|3.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} rockets
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|hardpoints=
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|avionics=
}}
}}


Line 105: Line 134:
* [[Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris]]
* [[Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
* [[Fouga Magister]]
* [[Fouga CM.170 Magister]]
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|see also=
|see also=
}}
}}


==References==
==Notes==
{{commons category|Morane-Saulnier}}
;Notes
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Orbis">Orbis 1982, page 2559</ref>
<ref name="Orbis">Orbis 1982, page 2559</ref>
Line 118: Line 145:
}}
}}


;Bibliography
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |title= The [[Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft]] (Part Work 1982–1985)|publisher= Orbis Publishing}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= The [[Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft]] (Part Work 1982-1985)|year= |publisher= Orbis Publishing|location= |issn=|pages=}}
* {{cite book |last= Bridgman|first= Leonard|title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54|year=1953 |publisher=Jane's All The World's Aircraft Publishing Company|location=London }}
*{{cite magazine|last=Downey|first=John|title=First Generation|magazine=[[Air Enthusiast]]|date=1991|issue=44 |pages=36–49 |issn=0143-5450}}
* {{cite book |last= Bridgman|first= Leonard|authorlink=|title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54|year=1953 |publisher=Jane's All The World's Aircraft Publishing Company|location=London }}
*{{cite book |last=Simpson |first= R.W.|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Airlife's General Aviation|year=1991 |publisher= Airlife Publishing|location= England |isbn=1-85310-194-X|pages=}}
*{{cite book |last=Simpson |first= R.W.|title= Airlife's General Aviation|year=1991 |publisher= Airlife Publishing|location= England |isbn=1-85310-194-X}}

{{refend}}
==Further reading==
{{Commons category}}
*{{cite book|last=Cuny|first=Jean|title=Les avions de combat français, 2: Chasse lourde, bombardement, assaut, exploration |publisher=Ed. Larivière|year=1989|series=Docavia|volume=30|oclc=36836833|lang=fr|trans-title=French Combat Aircraft 2: Heavy Fighters, Bombers, Attack, Reconnaissance}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Galliard|first1=Pierre|last2=Parvaud|first2=Pierre|title=Du ''Fleuret'' au ''Paris'' (1)|journal=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=November 1989 |issue=241 |pages=30–39 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=From ''Fleuret'' to ''Paris'' (Part 1)|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Galliard|first1=Pierre|last2=Parvaud|first2=Pierre|title=Du ''Fleuret'' au ''Paris'' (2 et fin)|journal=Le Fana de l'Aviation |date=December 1989 |issue=241 |pages=14–25 |issn=0757-4169 |language=fr|trans-title=From ''Fleuret'' to ''Paris'' (Part 2 and End)|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lacaze |first1=Henri |last2=Lherbert |first2=Claude |title=Morane Saulnier: ses avions, ses projets |date=2013 |publisher=Lela Presse |location=Outreau, France |isbn=978-2-914017-70-1 |language=fr|name-list-style=amp|trans-title=Morane Saulnier: Their Aircraft and Projects}}


<!-- ==External links== -->
{{Morane-Saulnier aircraft}}
{{Morane-Saulnier aircraft}}


[[Category:French military trainer aircraft 1950–1959]]
[[Category:1950s French military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Morane-Saulnier aircraft|MS.755]]
[[Category:Morane-Saulnier aircraft|MS.755]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1953]]

Latest revision as of 16:54, 23 September 2023

MS.755 Fleuret
MS.755 Fleuret prototype at 1953 Paris International Air Show
Role Two-seat jet trainer
National origin France
Manufacturer Morane-Saulnier
First flight 29 January 1953
Number built 1
Developed into Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris

The Morane-Saulnier MS.755 Fleuret was a prototype French two-seat jet trainer designed and built by Morane-Saulnier. It failed to gain any orders but was developed into the larger four-seat MS.760 Paris.[1]

Development[edit]

The Fleuret was designed and built to compete in an order for the French Air Force for a two-seat jet trainer.[2] It was a side-by-side low mid-wing cantilever monoplane with a T-tail and powered by two 800 lbf (3.6kn) Turbomeca Marboré II turbojets.[1] The prototype with French test registration F-ZWRS first flew on 29 January 1953.[1] The aircraft was not ordered with the Air Force buying the Fouga CM.170 Magister instead and only one Fleuret was built.[2]

The Fleuret II an enlarged four-seat development was designed and produced as the MS.760 Paris.[1]

Indian Air Force tests[edit]

In March 1954, the sole prototype MS.755 was disassembled, crated and shipped to Begumpet Air Force Station, India, for tropical weather and trainer-suitability trials with the Indian Air Force.

The audio memoirs of IAF Wing Commander Donald George Michael detail how Morane-Saulnier's Chief Test Pilot, Monsieur Jean Cliquet, and a team of 4 or 5 technicians accompanied the aircraft.

The assigned IAF senior pilots were impressed with the MS.755 as a trainer, and ran a series of flight instruction tests where low time students with only 10 hours total flying experience transitioned to the jet and soloed with no problems. This led to further tests where zero-time students were taught to fly on the MS.755, and later on the two-place DH Vampire.

During a flight early in the program, the two IAF senior pilots caused concern with Morane-Saulnier personnel when they pulled 8.5 Gs out of a dive. This was a significantly higher loading than the factory test pilots had reached. The engines were immediately replaced with spares and sent to France for analysis, but it was determined that no damage had taken place to either the engines or the airframe.

The IAF tests of the MS.755 ended in June 1954 and the aircraft was then crated and shipped back to France.[3]

Specifications[edit]

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54[4]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 9.70 m (31 ft 10 in)
  • Wingspan: 9.56 m (31 ft 4 in)
  • Height: 2.73 m (8 ft 11 in)
  • Wing area: 18.0 m2 (194 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 5.12:1
  • Empty weight: 1,905 kg (4,200 lb)
  • Gross weight: 2,650 kg (5,842 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 3,050 kg (6,724 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 680 L (180 US gal; 150 imp gal)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Turbomeca Marboré II turbojets, 3.9 kN (880 lbf) thrust each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 720 km/h (450 mph, 390 kn) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
  • Range: 725 km (450 mi, 391 nmi) [5]
  • Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 17.00 m/s (3,346 ft/min)
  • Takeoff distance to 15 m (50 ft): 735 m (2,411 ft)

Armament

  • Guns: 2× 7.5mm machine guns in nose
  • Rockets: 4× 3.5 in (89 mm) rockets
  • Bombs: 2× 50 kg (110 lb) bombs

See also[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Simpson 1991, page 215
  2. ^ a b Orbis 1982, page 2559
  3. ^ Michael, Donald George. "The MS755 Fleuret Story". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  4. ^ Bridgman 1953, p. 143.
  5. ^ Parmentier, Bruno. "Morane-Saulnier MS-755 'Fleuret'". aviafrance. Retrieved 21 December 2013.

Bibliography[edit]

  • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). Orbis Publishing.
  • Bridgman, Leonard (1953). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1953–54. London: Jane's All The World's Aircraft Publishing Company.
  • Downey, John (1991). "First Generation". Air Enthusiast. No. 44. pp. 36–49. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Simpson, R.W. (1991). Airlife's General Aviation. England: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-194-X.

Further reading[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Morane-Saulnier MS.755 Fleuret.
  • Cuny, Jean (1989). Les avions de combat français, 2: Chasse lourde, bombardement, assaut, exploration [French Combat Aircraft 2: Heavy Fighters, Bombers, Attack, Reconnaissance]. Docavia (in French). Vol. 30. Ed. Larivière. OCLC 36836833.
  • Galliard, Pierre & Parvaud, Pierre (November 1989). "Du Fleuret au Paris (1)" [From Fleuret to Paris (Part 1)]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (241): 30–39. ISSN 0757-4169.
  • Galliard, Pierre & Parvaud, Pierre (December 1989). "Du Fleuret au Paris (2 et fin)" [From Fleuret to Paris (Part 2 and End)]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (241): 14–25. ISSN 0757-4169.
  • Lacaze, Henri & Lherbert, Claude (2013). Morane Saulnier: ses avions, ses projets [Morane Saulnier: Their Aircraft and Projects] (in French). Outreau, France: Lela Presse. ISBN 978-2-914017-70-1.
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