Fouga Magister
| Fouga Magister | |
|---|---|
 A Fouga Magister of the Bundeswehr in the museum |
|
| Type: | Jet trainer |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
July 23, 1952 |
The Aérospatiale (Fouga Potez) CM.170 Magister is a twin- engine training aircraft made in France . The producer was the Fouga company , which merged with Aérospatiale in the 1970s . The French aircraft manufacturer Potez , which no longer exists today , also produced a number of machines of this type.
history
As a so-called jet trainer , the Fouga Magister was the second jet-powered training aircraft in the world specially designed for this purpose after the Fokker S.14 power trainer . The machine could also be used as a light reconnaissance and combat aircraft .
The aircraft was developed from the CM.8-R13 turbine motor glider as early as 1949. The presentation of the prototype on July 23, 1952 was so impressive that the Armée de l'air initially ordered a small series of ten aircraft. A follow-up order for 90 - according to other sources: 95 - machines was issued in 1954.
The Magister is a two-seat all-metal aircraft with a 110-degree V-tail , a so-called butterfly tail . The plane was very successful.
Bundeswehr Air Force
| 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18th | 43 | 84 | 75 | 12 | 0 | 2 |
On May 28, 1957, the first Master's degrees produced in France by Sud Aviation were handed over to the German Air Force's A pilot school at Landsberg Air Base , and in November 1958 the first of a total of 194 built under license by Messerschmitt in Riem . By 1963, 234 machines were delivered. In Landsberg it was supposed to replace the Harvard Mk. IV in the beginners' training. The number of flying hours in the training was 110 to 130 hours and, due to the weather, lasted between six and ten months; Because of these imponderables, it was completely relocated to the USA in the mid-1960s.
At the end of 1959 , the aircraft pilot school A set up an aerobatic team that performed formation aerobatics with a master's degree and, until formation aerobatics were banned after June 19, 1962, attended flight shows in Germany and neighboring countries with one and in 1961 two teams.
The Fouga Magister was in service with the Air Force and Navy from 1957 to 1969 . The machines were then handed over to other NATO air forces and the Algerian air force . At the end of the 1960s, some machines were sold to aviation clubs at a symbolic price of DM 1 .
Other air forces
Israel
In 1957 Israel initially received the components for 36 Magister from German production, which were assembled by Israel Aircraft Industries . The commissioning as a training aircraft began in 1960. The training units were also prepared from 1964 for close air support with machine guns, missiles and bombs. The machines produced in the country under the name 'Tzukit' were reinforced by a large number of disused Bundeswehr specimens. Immediately after the outbreak of the Six Day War , the Magisters flew ground attacks in support of the Israeli advance on the Sinai Peninsula . On the second day of the war, the magisters shot down more than 120 Jordanian tanks and armored vehicles that were supposed to stop the Israeli advance on Jerusalem . Seven machines of the type were lost during the war.
Katanga
In April 1961, the newly founded state of Katanga in a region of the Congo received three Fouga Masters from Belgium , which were flown by mercenaries . The three machines initially succeeded in gaining air sovereignty against the UN air force. After losing two machines, the last remaining Magister inflicted heavy losses on the UN troops until December 1962. After the UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld was killed in the crash of his plane near Ndola in 1961 , there was repeated speculation that one of the Katangian masters was shot down.
Uganda
In the mid-1960s, Israel supported the establishment of the Ugandan air force and initially supplied six armed Fouga Magister, the number of which increased to twelve by 1969. After Idi Amin broke off cooperation with Israel in 1972, the planes were no longer ready to fly.
Aerobatic teams
The Magister was also flown by the French aerobatic team Patrouille de France ; there this aircraft was used in over 800 flight demonstrations until the introduction of the successor model Alpha Jet in 1981, as well as the Israeli and Irish aerobatic team Silver Swallows .
A total of over 900 Masters were produced, 576 of them in France. The Magister was deployed in 17 countries, including France, Cameroon, Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Finland, Israel, Ireland, Morocco and Austria.
successor
A further development of the Magister was called Fouga 90 . It flew for the first time on August 20, 1978. It was powered by two Turboméca Astafan II G engines, and a different cockpit was supposed to provide better visibility. Although designed as a beginner and advanced trainer, she could also carry light weapons for ground attacks at four underwing stations. There were no orders for the aircraft.
Users
-
Algeria (28 ex-Germany) -
Bangladesh (8 ex-Germany / ex-Austria) -
Belgium (50 including 8 ex-Germany) -
Brazil : (7) -
Germany (250 Air Force + 15 Navy) -
El Salvador (9 ex-Israel) -
Finland (80) -
France (307 Air Force + 32 Navy) -
Gabon (5 ex-Austria) -
Ireland (7 ex-Austria) -
Israel (52) -
Cambodia (4) -
Cameroon (9 ex-France) -
Katanga (3) -
Lebanon (8 ex-Germany) -
Libya (12 ex-France) -
Morocco (21) -
Nicaragua
-
Austria (18) -
Rwanda (10 ex-France) -
Senegal (5 ex-Brazil) -
Togo (4 ex-Germany) -
Uganda (12 ex-Israel)
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Todays use
The CM.170 Magister flies within the Jet class in races against Aero L-39 , Aero L-29 and Lockheed T-33 jet trainers at the National Championship Air Races in Reno, Nevada .
Technical specifications
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| Parameter | Data of the Aerospatiale (Fouga) CM.170 Magister |
|---|---|
| crew | 2 |
| length | 10.06 m |
| span | 12.15 m |
| height | 2.8 m |
| Wing area | 17.3 m² |
| Takeoff mass | 3,300 kg |
| Top speed | 715 km / h |
| Climb performance | 17 m / s |
| Service ceiling | approx. 12,200 m |
| Range | 1,180 km |
| Engines | 2 Turboméca Marboré jet engines with 400 kp static thrust each or
2 Turboméca Marboré VI with 480 kp static thrust each |
| Armament | 2 MG 7.5 mm or 7.62 mm with 200 rounds each in the bow;
2 under wing stations for missiles, bombs or wire-guided SS.11 guided missiles |
See also
- List of aircraft types
- Air accident of UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld # Newer findings and theories .
literature
- Robert Jackson: The Israeli Air Force Story. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1973, ISBN 3-87943-201-5 .
- Christopher Othen: Katanga 1960–63. Mercenaries, Spies and the African Nation that waged War on the World. The History Press, Brimscombe Port Stroud 2015, ISBN 978-0-7509-6288-9 .
- N / A : French-German masterpiece: Potez-Heinkel CM 191. In: Hobby magazine of technology 10/1961. (ehapa publishing house).
- Michael Riedesser: Fouga CM 170 R Magister, Heinkel Potez CM 191. Verlag Arbeitsgemeinschaft Luftwaffe, Arnsberg 1988.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Riedegger: Fouga CM 170 R Magister. 1988, p. 3.
- ↑ Fouga Magister , History of the Air Force, Federal Ministry of Defense, accessed on November 29, 2016.
- ↑ http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/fouga-cm-170-magister-zukit
- ↑ http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-mideast/israel/af/types/tsukit.htm
- ↑ http://walterdorn.net/189-un-first-air-force-peacekeepers-in-combat-congo-1960-64#e14
- ↑ http://worldatwar.net/chandelle/v2/v2n3/congo.html
- ^ Julian Borger: Plane crash that killed UN boss 'may have been caused by aircraft attack'. The Guardian September 25, 2017
- ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/uganda/air-force-modernization.htm
- ↑ MORE GRIPS THAN MONEY INVESTED . In: Der Spiegel . No. 33 , 1969 ( online ).
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/07/archives/amin-says-hell-return-6-jet-fighters-to-israel.html?_r=0
- ↑ airventure.de: National Championship Air Races and Air Show 2008 Part 4 - Jet Class, accessed on November 29, 2016
