Let L-410

Let L-410
Type:	Short distances - transport aircraft
Design country:	Czechoslovakia
Manufacturer:	Aircraft Industries (LET) , Czech Republic
First flight:	April 16, 1969
Commissioning:	1971
Production time:	1969–
Number of pieces:	1200

The Let L-410 is a light twin-engine short-range transport aircraft made in the Czech Republic . It was developed as the L-410 Turbolet in Czechoslovakia .

history

Cockpit of a Let L-410

In 1966, the Czechoslovak company LET (now LET - Aircraft Industries ) began designing and developing a small and light transport aircraft under the direction of Ladislav Smrcek. The twin-engine shoulder -wing aircraft with the prototype designation XL-410 (registration number OK-60, later OK-YKE) completed its maiden flight on April 16, 1969 with Vladimir Vlk and Frantisek Svinka on board . The admissions program was completed on March 31, 1971. Series production started in 1972 at the Kunovice plant . The L-410 does not have a pressurized cabin .

As the engine of its own design was not ready in time, the equipment was made the first series L-410A with imported turboprop engines of the type Pratt & Whitney PT6A . After a drive from our own production was available from 1973 with the Walter M601 engine, the L-410M series went into production with this engine, but was soon replaced by the use of the more powerful M601A engine version, built into the L-410MA version, replaced. The L-410UVP flew for the first time on November 1, 1977 and was delivered from 1979.

The L-410 is one of the most successful short-haul and feeder aircraft that was produced in the versions A, AF, AS, M, FG, MA, T, UVP, UVP-E and UVP-E20. Over 1,138 aircraft were delivered, including 31 L-410A, 110 L-410M and 560 L-410 UVP-E. According to the manufacturer, more than 400 of these aircraft were still in use in over 50 countries in 2012. The largest single customer was the Soviet Aeroflot , which took over 652 M and UVP versions between 1974 and 1994 and used them in its regional directorates. The L-410 prevailed over the Beriev Be-32 in a tender by the Council for Mutual Economic Aid (Comecon) , which means that the machine was used in almost all Comecon member countries.

Production of the type began in Russia in 2016, with the first aircraft handed over in 2018.

A further development of the L-410 was the L-610 .

New Generation and UVP-E20

L-410NG at the ILA 2016

The L-410 was revised from 2010. The new version is called the L-410 NG and has revised wings with a larger tank volume, a modified fuselage and new engines. Two thirds of the design was taken from the L-410UVP-E20.

The certification process began with the first flight of the Let L-410 NG prototype at the end of July 2015. Series production was scheduled for 2017 with an annual production of 30 aircraft.

The M601 engines will be replaced by General Electric H85 with 850 WPS. LET cooperated with the small aircraft manufacturer Evektor for the wings. These are designed for 20,000 flight hours and include significantly larger integral tanks and wing tip tanks. This increases the tank capacity from 990 to 2050 kg without and 2450 kg with wing tanks. The range is now 2500 kilometers, the maximum flight time doubles from four and a half to nine hours.

The nose of the airframe was lengthened and the landing gear was reinforced together with Aero Vodochody so that the maximum take-off weight increased to 7 tons. The passenger capacity is unchanged at 19 people.

The first flight of the NG version should take place in the course of 2013, approval by EASA was planned for 2014. LET planned to start series production of the L-410NG in 2015. After the first flight in July 2015, EASA approval and the start of series production by Aircraft Industries did not take place until 2017.

L-410UVP-E20

The L-410UVP-E20 received the General Electric H80, also a further development of the Walter engine. With 800 WPS, the drive delivers around 10% more than the M601. In particular, the compressor and the materials used in the combustion chamber have been revised or replaced. The size of the engine did not change. The fuel consumption is about 5% less. Furthermore, new five-blade propellers of the type AV 725 are used, which are more efficient due to their shape and have an aluminum core, which reduces the weight by 6 kilograms compared to the old propellers with a steel core. The maiden flight of an L-410UVP-E20 with the GE-H80 engine took place in November 2011. This configuration has been in production since January 2013.

Versions

Measurement aircraft L-410FG

inner space

Discontinued versions

• L-410: pre-production copies, three built
• L-410A: First series with Pratt & Whitney PT6A27 engines, twelve built
  • L-410AB: Conversion from three-bladed to four-bladed propeller
  • L-410AF: Copy delivered to Hungary in July 1974 for aerial photography and photo tasks with a glazed nose (registration number: HA-YFA, work number 03-03)
  • L-410AG: Changed and modified equipment
  • L-410AS: Small series of five aircraft, delivered to the USSR for testing
• L-410FG: Version with Glasbug for Aerofotogrammetrie and measurement flights
• L-410M: Second series with Walter M601A engines
  • L-410AM: Version with improved M601B engines, also known as L-410MA or L-410MU
• L-410UVP: Third series, fundamentally modified. The main changes are a 0.80 m longer fuselage, larger wingspan and wing area, Walter M601B engines, enlarged horizontal stabilizer and improved equipment. The UVP variants have STOL properties (UVP is the Russian abbreviation for STOL)
  • L-410UVP-S: Salon version of the UVP with an access hatch that can be folded up
  • L-410UVP-E: conversion to Walter M601E engines, five-bladed Avia V-510 propeller, additional fuel tanks at the wing tips.
  • L-410T: Transport variant of the RRP with an enlarged loading hatch (1.25 m × 1.46 m) can be used as Ambulance six Wear and a paramedic, as aircraft is exited twelve parachutist or transport as a transporter a 1000 kg load container.

In production

• L-410UVP-E20: Third series, conversion to GE-H80-200 engines, Avia-V-725 propeller, additional fuel tanks on the wing tips.
• L-410NG: New edition equipped with modern avionics, additional fuel capacity in the new wing and new GE-H85-200 engines.

Civil use

Civilian used Let L-410 in the version UVP-E20 from Mombasa Air Safari

The interflight bought in 1982 and 1983, six L-410UVP (coding DDR–SXAup SXF) which she used for the production of aerial photographs for geological exploration and production of topographic documents. To a small extent, the planes were also converted into VIP planes and used as feeder planes to the Leipzig trade fair . The L-410 also completed a number of missions at home and abroad as a medical aircraft. After reunification, the aircraft with the license plates went D–COXA to D–COXFthe Berliner Spezialflug (BSF), which soon sold them on due to a lack of orders.

The machine is also in use at many smaller companies.

Military users

The military users of the L-410 include or were primarily the air forces of the countries of the former Warsaw Pact and their successor states, which often continued to operate this type even after the end of the Cold War, such as:

 Bulgaria

 Estonia

 German Democratic Republic / Germany 

 Latvia

 Lithuania

 Slovakia

 Slovenia

 Soviet Union

 Czech Republic

 Czechoslovakia

 Hungary

Other countries where the model is or was in service are mostly countries that cannot or must not maintain larger air transport capacities (for financial reasons):

 Bangladesh

3 × L-410UVP-E20

 Djibouti

 Indonesia

 Colombia

 Comoros

 Libya

 Peru

 Tunisia

Use by German air forces

Air Force L-410 (1990)

In the GDR, the UVP version of the L-410 was used by the National People's Army . Four L-410s of the salon variant came to liaison squadron 14 (VS-14) in Strausberg in 1980 and, provided with the numbers 317–320, were used for VIP flights by senior officials. From 1981 to 1983 eight more machines ( 313, 316, 321, 323–327) of the transport version were added. These were used by the Transport Fliegerausbildungsgeschwader 45 (TAS-45) at the LSK / LV officers' school in Kamenz to train pilots for the An-26 .

With the German reunification, all L-410s were taken over into the Luftwaffe . The total of twelve aircraft were first used by Lufttransportgeschwader 65 and then by the Federal Ministry of Defense . They wore the license plates 53+01up 53+12. Six L-410s of the TAS-45 were sold to Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia soon afterwards, and another two were also sold.

On June 7, 1995, one of the two L-410s of the Latvian Air Force (146) crashed near Lielvārde , the former one of 325/53+06the NVA or Air Force (see section Incidents). The last four machines of the former VS-14 from the registration number 53+09were still used after the dissolution of the LTG 65 in June 1993 and relocated from Neuhardenberg to the airfields of flight readiness. The last L-410 of the Bundeswehr was decommissioned in 2000 as part of the fleet adjustment. The aircraft with the registration number 53+10(former 318, ex OK-164) is now in the Air Force Museum Berlin-Gatow .

Incidents

• On July 7, 1977, a Let L-410 crashed for the first time with fatalities: on a test flight with a prototype of the newly developed Let L-410UVP ( X03 ; aircraft registration : OK-162 ), the Soviet-Czechoslovak crew tested the function of the rudder abruptly and under full load. The structural load limits of the machine were exceeded, which subsequently crashed. Since the Czechoslovak side fully trusted in their development, as with all previous ones, no rescue parachutes were carried on this test flight, so that the four crew members could not jump from the crashing machine. The four men were killed (see also flight accident near Nedakonice ) .
• On December 4, 1984, the pilots of an Aeroflot Let L-410MA ( aircraft registration number CCCP-67225 ) lost control of the aircraft in the initial climb after take-off from Kostroma Airport after they lost their orientation when flying through a cloud cover due to defective artificial horizons . They succeeded in regaining control of the machine when exiting the cloud cover, but shortly afterwards they flew into a cloud cover again, whereupon there was another spatial disorientation and a crash. All ten people on board were killed in the accident (see also Aeroflot flight F-637 ) .

• On October 14, 1986, an Aeroflot Let L-410 initially suffered engine damage when taking off from Ust-Maja airport and shortly afterwards stalled. The machine crashed into the Aldan River and completely drowned in two to three minutes. All 14 occupants initially survived the crash largely uninjured, but drowned in the wreck of the machine because they could not open the doors due to the water pressure (see also Aeroflot flight 763 ) .

• On August 26, 1993, a Let L-410 of Sakha Avia (RA-67656) crashed on approach to Aldan 273 meters from the runway, killing all 24 people on board. An overloading of the machine combined with an incorrect weight distribution contributed to the accident. When the landing flaps were extended, the machine's angle of attack then reached supercritical values, which resulted in a stall and crash. As of October 2019, it is the worst incident of a Let L-410 ever (see also Sacha Awia flight 301 ) .

• On June 7, 1995 one of the two Let L-410s of the Latvian Air Force (146) crashed near Lielvārde . The two-man crew was killed when a prohibited barrel roll failed to fly at a height of 200 meters.

• On September 18, 2001 Let crashed L-410 of the Guatemalan airline Atlantic Airlines (TG-CFE) on the Guatemala City . On a scheduled flight from Guatemala City to San Pedro Sula in Honduras , there was a loss of control immediately after take-off, which resulted in a crash and the death of eight of the 13 occupants. The cause was an incorrect weight distribution in the machine (see also Atlantic Airlines flight 870 ) .

• On December 27, 2002, an Ocean Airlines Let L-410 was struck by lightning on its final approach on its way from Moroni to Anjouan . The pilots took off, but the navigation instruments no longer worked due to the lightning strike and visibility was poor, resulting in loss of control and a crash. One of the 13 passengers died and the aircraft was totaled.

• On August 24, 2003, the front cargo door opened after a Tropical Airways Let L-410 took off from Cap-Haïtien Airport in Haiti . The pilots returned with the plane that was supposed to fly to Port-de-Paix airport . When flying a left turn for the final approach, the aircraft stalled and crashed, killing all 21 people on board (19 passengers and two pilots). In the accident report, a sudden drop in speed when extending the buoyancy aids to the end position during the turn with the heavily loaded aircraft at a low altitude was stated (see also Tropical Airways flight 1301 ) .

• On April 9, 2007, a Let L-410UVP operated by Comores Aviation (D6-CAK) crashed on the way from Anjouan to Mohéli when the aircraft shot over the end of the runway after an aborted take-off. All 15 occupants survived and the aircraft was totaled.

• On August 25, 2010, a Let L-410 of the regional airline Filair crashed in Bandundu , Democratic Republic of the Congo , killing 20 of 21 occupants. According to the only surviving passenger, another passenger is said to have smuggled a crocodile on board, which was released from a bag shortly before landing. During a subsequent mass panic, the passengers ran into the front part of the plane, whereupon the center of gravity shifted and it crashed (see also the crash of a Let L-410 of Filair near Bandundu ) .

• On July 13, 2011, a Let L-410UVP-E20 operated by NOAR Linhas Aéreas (PR-NOB) suffered engine damage during take-off at Recife Airport . The captain pulled the machine up anyway and tried to keep it in the air. The first officer tried in vain to convince the captain to make an emergency landing on a nearby beach. This refused and tried to reach the airport. Shortly thereafter there was a stall and the machine crashed, killing all 16 people on board (see also NOAR Linhas Aéreas flight 4896 ) .

• On June 10, 2012, the pilots of a Let L-410UVP of the Ukrainska Shkola Pilotov (UR-SKD) , which was used to drop parachutists , tried to return to Borodjanka airfield in Ukraine due to an approaching thunderstorm . The machine crashed into a field near the airfield. Of the 20 inmates, 5 were killed and 15 survived the crash.

• On August 20, 2015, two Let L-410s (OM-ODQ; OM-SAB), each with 17 parachutists and two pilots, took off from Dubnica airfield in Slovakia to drop parachutists from a height of 4000 meters. The machines flew at a safety distance of 100 meters from each other, but this was reduced in flight because the captain of the rear machine was simultaneously steering the aircraft and filming the flight with his smartphone , which distracted him. There was a collision and both machines fell to the ground. 31 parachutists were able to jump out of the falling machines and open their parachutes in good time. However, seven people were killed (see also the plane collision at Červený Kameň ) .

• On May 27, 2017 there was an unsuccessful attempt to land a Let L-410 (9N-AKY) cargo aircraft of the Nepalese Summit Air with three people on board at Lukla Airport . Due to a stall, the machine collided with trees and crashed into a mound in the sloping terrain shortly before the runway. The captain and co-pilot were fatally injured and the third person survived the accident. The cargo flight had started in Kathmandu .
• On April 14, 2019, a Summit Air Let L-410 (9N-AMH ) aircraft came off the runway at Lukla Airport for reasons that have not yet been clarified and collided with two parked helicopters. According to the Himalayan Times, the copilot and two policemen were killed on the ground.

Technical specifications

Parameter	L-410M	L-410UVP-E	L-410UVP-E20	L-410 NG
crew	2
Passengers	17th	19th
span	17.48 m	19.98 m		19.48 m
length	13.61 m	14.43 m		15.07 m
height	5.65 m	5.83 m		5.97 m
Wing area	32.86 m²	35.18 m²
Wing extension	9.3	11.3
Empty mass	3720 kg	3985 kg
Max. Takeoff mass	5700 kg	6400 kg		7000 kg
Max. payload	1410 kg	1615 kg		2300 kg
drive	Walter M601A	Walter M601E	GE H80-200	GE H85-200
power	515 kW (700 PS) each	559 kW (760 PS) each	569 kW (774 PS) each	605 kW (823 PS) each
TBO	3000 flight hours			3600 flight hours
propeller	Three-blade metal propeller	Five-blade metal propeller Avia V510	Propeller Avia V725
Cruising speed	365 km / h at 3000 m	311 km / h		417 km / h
Rate of climb	7.5 m / s			8.5 m / s
Ascent time to 5000 m	13 min	10.2 min
Service ceiling	6000 m	7000 m		8230 m
Range	1160 km	550 km		2570 km

Web links

Commons : Let L-410  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

• EASA-TCDS-A.026 (PDF; 213 kB) - Type certification of the L-410

Individual evidence

1. ↑ L410_UVP-E20 Aircraft. (PDF) (No longer available online.) LET Aircraft Technologies, archived from the original on April 23, 2019 ; accessed on June 18, 2020 . 
2. ↑ LET L-410 Turbolet. Flugzeuginfo.net, accessed June 18, 2020 . 
3. ↑ Harro Ranter: The L-410 on Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved June 18, 2020 . 
4. ↑ The L-410 on Airliners.net
5. ↑ Product brochure from the manufacturer LET (PDF; 2.2 MB).
6. ↑ The L-410 on the manufacturer's website of Let Kunovice
7. ^ Jochen K. Beek: Aircraft of the World 1919-2000. Motorbuchverlag, ISBN 3-613-02008-4 .
8. ↑ GTLK complete delivery of first Russian-built L-410 turboprops. , rusaviainsider, March 21, 2018.
9. ↑ Development L410 NG manufacturer website.
10. ^ First Flight News - Aircraft Industries L 410 NG. AeroRevue July 29, 2015.
11. ↑ let.cz: Company Profile. P. 8f. (Accessed February 17, 2018).
12. ↑ Fliegerrevue No. 06/2015, p. 8
13. ^ Detlef Billig, Manfred Meyer: The aircraft of the GDR. Volume 3, pp. 118-125, 180.
14. ↑ ^{a b} Let L-410 UVP Turbolet. on the Luftwaffe.de page
15. ↑ L-410 on the side of the Air Force Museum Berlin-Gatow.
16. ↑ Accident report LET L-410 RA-67656. , Aviation Safety Network , accessed March 31, 2020.
17. ↑ Accident report LET L-410 LatvAF 146 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on November 8, 2019.
18. ↑ Richard Humberstone: Latvijas Gaisaspeki - the Latvian Air Force yesterday and today. In: Flieger Revue Extra No. 8. Möller, 2005, ISSN  0941-889X . P. 48.
19. ^ ASN Aircraft accident Let L-410UVP 9XR-RB Anjouan. Retrieved December 12, 2019 . 
20. ^ ASN Aircraft accident Let L-410UVP D6-CAK Anjouan-Ouani Airport (AJN). Retrieved December 12, 2019 . 
21. ↑ Beverly Hills Courier - Plane crashes in DRCongo, 19 dead: deputy governor ( Memento from August 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
22. ↑ Accident report LET L-410 UR-SKD. Aviation Safety Network, accessed October 23, 2019.
23. ↑ Climate disasters and accidents. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
24. ^ Accident report LET L-410 9N-AKY. Aviation Safety Network, accessed May 28, 2017.
25. ↑ Crashed in a helicopter: three dead after the accident of a Let L-410 in Lukla. In: aeroTELEGRAPH. April 14, 2019, accessed April 14, 2019 . 
26. ↑ L 140 NG. In: LET Aircraft Industries. Retrieved June 18, 2020 (Czech). 
27. ↑ L 140 NG. In: Let Aircraft Industries. Retrieved June 18, 2020 .