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| image_caption = Longsnout Flathead ''(T. chiltonae)''
| image_caption = Longsnout Flathead ''(T. chiltonae)''
| image2 = Thysanophrys cirronasa.jpg
| image2 = Thysanophrys cirronasa.jpg
| image2_width =
| image2_caption = Tasselsnout Flathead ''(T. cirronasa)''
| image2_caption = Tasselsnout Flathead ''(T. cirronasa)''
| taxon = Thysanophrys
| taxon = Thysanophrys
| authority = [[James Douglas Ogilby|J. D. Ogilby]], 1898
| authority = [[James Douglas Ogilby|J. D. Ogilby]], 1898
| type_species = ''Platycephalus cirronasus''
| type_species = ''Platycephalus cirronasus''
| type_species_authority = [[John Richardson (naturalist)|Richardson]], 1848
| type_species_authority = [[John Richardson (naturalist)|Richardson]], 1848<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Platycephalidae|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Thysanophrys''''' is a [[genus]] of [[Platycephalidae|flatheads]] native to the [[Indian Ocean]] and the western [[Pacific Ocean]].
'''''Thysanophrys''''' is a [[genus]] of [[marine fish|marine]], [[Demersal fish|demersal]] [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Platycephalidae]]. These fishes are native to the [[Indian Ocean]] and the western [[Pacific Ocean]].

==Taxonomy==
''Thysanophrys'' was first formally proposed as a genus in 1898 by the Australian [[ichthyologist]] James Douglas Ogilby with ''Platycephalus cirronasus'', which had been [[Species description|described]] from [[Botany Bay]] in [[New South Wales]] in 1848 by [[John Richardson (naturalist)|John Richardson]], as its [[type species]].<ref name = CofF/><ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Thysanophrys|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref> This genus is [[Taxonomy (biology)|classified]] within the family Playtcephalidae, the flatheads which the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' classifies within the [[suborder]] [[Platycephaloidei]] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Scorpaeniformes]].<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=[[Joseph S. Nelson|J. S. Nelson]] |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages= 467–495 |publisher=Wiley |ISBN= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Thysanophrys'' is a combination of ''thysanos'', meaning "fringe", and ''ophrys'', which means "eyebrow", an allusion to the series of dermal appendages above the eye of ''T. cirronasus''.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes11/ | title = Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Platycephaloidei: Families Bembridae, Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 7 December 2021 | access-date = 20 July 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus:<ref>{{FishBase genus | genus = Thysanophrys| month = December | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name=Knapp2013>{{cite journal | author = Knapp, L. W. | year = 2013 | title = Descriptions of four new species of ''Thysanophrys'' (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) from the Western Indian Ocean | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3608 | issue =2 | pages = 127–136}}</ref>
''Thysanophrys'' contains 10 species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus | genus = Thysanophrys| month = December | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name=Knapp2013>{{cite journal | author = Knapp, L. W. | year = 2013 | title = Descriptions of four new species of ''Thysanophrys'' (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) from the Western Indian Ocean | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3608 | issue =2 | pages = 127–136}}</ref>
* ''[[Thysanophrys armata]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1938)</small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys armata]]'' <small>([[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1938)</small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys celebica]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1855)</small> (Celebes flathead)
* ''[[Thysanophrys celebica]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1855)</small> (Celebes flathead)
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* ''[[Thysanophrys longirostris]]'' <small>([[Shao Kwang-Tsao|K. T. Shao]] & [[Chen Jeng-Ping|J. P. Chen]], 1987)</small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys longirostris]]'' <small>([[Shao Kwang-Tsao|K. T. Shao]] & [[Chen Jeng-Ping|J. P. Chen]], 1987)</small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys papillaris]]'' <small>[[Hisashi Imamura|Imamura]] & [[Leslie William Knapp|L. W. Knapp]], 1999</small> (Smallknob flathead)
* ''[[Thysanophrys papillaris]]'' <small>[[Hisashi Imamura|Imamura]] & [[Leslie William Knapp|L. W. Knapp]], 1999</small> (Smallknob flathead)
* ''[[Thysanophrys randalli]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013</small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys randalli]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013</small> (Snub-snouted flathead)
* ''[[Thysanophrys rarita]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013, </small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys rarita]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013, </small> (Somali flathead)
* ''[[Thysanophrys springeri]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013,</small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys springeri]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013,</small> (Red Sea flathead)
* ''[[Thysanophrys tricaudata]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013</small>
* ''[[Thysanophrys tricaudata]]'' <small>L. W. Knapp, 2013</small> (Sri Lankan flathead)

==Characteristics==
''Thysanophrys'' flatheads do noy have any elongation of the upper lobe of the [[caudal fin]] with no elongated filament extending out from that fin. The first dorsal fin has between 8 or 9 spines. the second being equal in height to the third, while the second dorsal fin has no more than 12 soft rays. There are 2 separate patches of [[vomerine teeth]]. There are between 48 and 56 pored scales, each with 2 pores, on the [[lateral line]] with spines on the scales in the anterior portion of that line. The diagonal rows of scales run downwards and backwards over lateral line and the number of these rows is roughly about equal to the number of scales in the lateral line, typically with a difference of only 1 or 2 scales. The head has bony ridges that have a few larger spines below the eye, the head has two bony ridges on its side swith the lower margin of the suborbital ridge being visible. The lappet on the iris may be [[crenate]] or have short branches. Typically there is a single spine in front of the eye and 3 or less spines on the [[preoperculum]], with the upper spine clearly being the longest, although it does not reach the edge of the [[Operculum (fish)|operculum]], and the lower spine on the operculum has its base hidden by scales.<ref name = FAO>{{cite book | editor1 =Carpenter, K.E. | editor2 = Niem, V.H. | title = FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae) | publisher = FAO, Rome | year = 1999 | chapter = Platycephalidae Flatheads | author = L.W. Poss | pages = 2385–2421 | isbn = 9251043019}}</ref> The maximum length attained by these fishes varies from a [[standard length]] of {{cvt|9.9|cm}} in ''T. randalli'' to a maximum [[total length]] of {{cvt|25|cm}} in ''T. chiltonae''.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution==
''Thysanophrys'' flatheads are found in the [[Indo-West Pacific]] where they occur from east Africa and the Red Sea east to Marquesas.<ref name = Fishbase/>


==References==
==References==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2751233}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2751233}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Platycephalidae]]
[[Category:Platycephalidae]]
[[Category:Ray-finned fish genera]]


{{Scorpaeniformes-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:52, 14 October 2023

Thysanophrys
Longsnout Flathead (T. chiltonae)
Tasselsnout Flathead (T. cirronasa)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Platycephalidae
Genus: Thysanophrys
J. D. Ogilby, 1898
Type species
Platycephalus cirronasus

Thysanophrys is a genus of marine, demersal ray-finned fish belonging to the family Platycephalidae. These fishes are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

Taxonomy[edit]

Thysanophrys was first formally proposed as a genus in 1898 by the Australian ichthyologist James Douglas Ogilby with Platycephalus cirronasus, which had been described from Botany Bay in New South Wales in 1848 by John Richardson, as its type species.[1][2] This genus is classified within the family Playtcephalidae, the flatheads which the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies within the suborder Platycephaloidei in the order Scorpaeniformes.[3]

Etymology[edit]

Thysanophrys is a combination of thysanos, meaning "fringe", and ophrys, which means "eyebrow", an allusion to the series of dermal appendages above the eye of T. cirronasus.[4]

Species[edit]

Thysanophrys contains 10 species:[5][6]

Characteristics[edit]

Thysanophrys flatheads do noy have any elongation of the upper lobe of the caudal fin with no elongated filament extending out from that fin. The first dorsal fin has between 8 or 9 spines. the second being equal in height to the third, while the second dorsal fin has no more than 12 soft rays. There are 2 separate patches of vomerine teeth. There are between 48 and 56 pored scales, each with 2 pores, on the lateral line with spines on the scales in the anterior portion of that line. The diagonal rows of scales run downwards and backwards over lateral line and the number of these rows is roughly about equal to the number of scales in the lateral line, typically with a difference of only 1 or 2 scales. The head has bony ridges that have a few larger spines below the eye, the head has two bony ridges on its side swith the lower margin of the suborbital ridge being visible. The lappet on the iris may be crenate or have short branches. Typically there is a single spine in front of the eye and 3 or less spines on the preoperculum, with the upper spine clearly being the longest, although it does not reach the edge of the operculum, and the lower spine on the operculum has its base hidden by scales.[7] The maximum length attained by these fishes varies from a standard length of 9.9 cm (3.9 in) in T. randalli to a maximum total length of 25 cm (9.8 in) in T. chiltonae.[5]

Distribution[edit]

Thysanophrys flatheads are found in the Indo-West Pacific where they occur from east Africa and the Red Sea east to Marquesas.[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Platycephalidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  2. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Thysanophrys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  3. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  4. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (7 December 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Platycephaloidei: Families Bembridae, Parabembridae, Hoplichthyidae, Platycephalidae and Plectrogeniidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  5. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Thysanophrys in FishBase. December 2012 version.
  6. ^ Knapp, L. W. (2013). "Descriptions of four new species of Thysanophrys (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) from the Western Indian Ocean". Zootaxa. 3608 (2): 127–136.
  7. ^ L.W. Poss (1999). "Platycephalidae Flatheads". In Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 2385–2421. ISBN 9251043019.
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