HMS Hazard (1894): Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Gunboat of the Royal Navy}}

{{other ships|HMS Hazard}}
{{other ships|HMS Hazard}}
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{{coord|50|43|37|N|01|03|14|W|display=title}}
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:HMS Hazard (1894).jpg|300px|HMS Hazard]]
|Ship image=HMS Hazard (1894).jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''Hazard''
|Ship caption=''Hazard''
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=HMS ''Hazard''
|Ship name=''Hazard''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Pembroke Dockyard]]
|Ship builder=[[Pembroke Dockyard]]
|Ship laid down=1 December 1892<ref name=RW/>
|Ship laid down=1 December 1892
|Ship launched=14 February 1894
|Ship launched=14 February 1894
|Ship acquired=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=24 July 1895<ref name=RW/>
|Ship commissioned=24 July 1895
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship in service=
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|Ship captured=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Sunk in collision on 28 January 1918
|Ship fate=Sunk in collision on 28 January 1918
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=<ref name=RW/>
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[Dryad class torpedo gunboat|''Dryad''-class torpedo gunboat]]
|Ship class={{sclass|Dryad|torpedo gunboat}}
|Ship tons burthen=1070 tons
|Ship displacement=1,070 tons
|Ship length={{convert|262|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|262|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
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* Locomotive boilers
* Locomotive boilers
* Twin screws
* Twin screws
|Ship speed={{convert|18.2|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed={{convert|18.2|kn}}
|Ship complement=120
|Ship complement=120
|Ship armament=*2 × [[QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV|QF {{convert|4.7|in|cm|sing=on}} guns]]
|Ship armament=*2 × [[QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV|QF {{convert|4.7|in|cm|adj=on}} guns]]
*4 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|6-pounder]]
*4 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|6-pounder]] guns
*1 × [[Nordenfelt machine gun]]
*1 × [[Nordenfelt machine gun]]
*5 × [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch torpedo tubes]]
*5 × [[British 18-inch torpedo|18-inch torpedo tubes]]
*On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two torpedo tubes were removed
*On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two torpedo tubes were removed
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}
The sixth '''HMS ''Hazard''''' was a [[Dryad class torpedo gunboat|''Dryad''-class torpedo gunboat]]. She was launched in 1894 and was converted into the world's first submarine depot ship in 1901. She collided with the submarine ''A3'' on 2 February 1912, killing 14 men, and was herself sunk in collision with SS ''Western Australia'' on 28 January 1918.
The sixth '''HMS ''Hazard''''' was a {{sclass|Dryad|torpedo gunboat}} of the [[Royal Navy]]. She was launched in 1894 and was converted into the world's first [[Submarine tender|submarine depot ship]] in 1901. She collided with the submarine {{HMS|A3||2}} on 2 February 1912, killing 14 men, and was herself sunk in collision with SS ''Western Australia'' on 28 January 1918.


==Design==
==Design==
Ordered under the [[Naval Defence Act 1889|Naval Defence Act of 1889]], which established [[History of the Royal Navy#Two-power standard|the "Two-Power Standard"]], the class was contemporary with the first [[torpedo boat destroyer]]s. With a length overall of {{convert|262|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}},<ref name=RW>Winfield (2004), p.307.</ref> a beam of {{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=RW/> and a displacement of 1,070 tons,<ref name=RW/> these torpedo gunboats were not small ships by the standard of the time; they were larger than the majority of World War I destroyers. ''Hazard'' was engined by Fairfield with two sets of vertical triple-expansion steam engines, two locomotive-type boilers, and twin screws. This layout produced {{convert|3500|ihp|kW}},<ref name=RW/> giving her a speed of {{convert|18.2|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=RW/> She carried between 100 and 160 tons of coal and was manned by 120 sailors and officers.<ref name=RW/>
Ordered under the [[Naval Defence Act 1889|Naval Defence Act of 1889]], which established [[History of the Royal Navy#Two-power standard|the "Two-Power Standard"]], the class was contemporary with the first [[torpedo boat destroyer]]s. With a length overall of {{convert|262|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}},<ref name=RW>Winfield 2004, p. 307</ref> a beam of {{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=RW/> and a displacement of 1,070 tons,<ref name=RW/> these torpedo gunboats were not small ships by the standard of the time; they were larger than the majority of World War I destroyers. ''Hazard'' was engined by Fairfield with two sets of vertical [[triple-expansion engine|triple-expansion steam engines]], two locomotive-type boilers, and twin screws. This layout produced {{convert|3500|ihp|kW}},<ref name=RW/> giving her a speed of {{convert|18.2|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name=RW/> She carried between 100 and 160 tons of coal and was manned by 120 sailors and officers.<ref name=RW/>


==Armament==
==Armament==
The armament when built comprised two [[QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV|QF {{convert|4.7|in|cm|sing=on}} guns]], four 6-pounder guns and a single 5-barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun. Her primary weapon was five [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch (450-mm) torpedo tubes]],<ref group=Note>British "18 inch" torpedoes were 17.72 inches (45.0 cm) in diameter</ref> with two reloads.<ref name=RW/> On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two of the five torpedoes were removed.<ref name=RW/>
The armament when built comprised two [[QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV|QF {{convert|4.7|in|cm|adj=on}} guns]], four 6-pounder guns and a single 5-barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun. Her primary weapon was five [[British 18-inch torpedo|18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes]],<ref group=Note>British "18 inch" torpedoes were 17.72 inches (45.0 cm) in diameter</ref> with two reloads.<ref name=RW/> On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two of the five torpedoes were removed.<ref name=RW/>


==History==
==History==


===Naval review of 1897===
===Naval review of 1897===
On 26 June 1897 ''Halcyon'' was present at the [[Fleet Review]] at Spithead in celebration of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]'s Diamond Jubilee.<ref name=PB/>
On 26 June 1897 ''Hazard'' was present at the [[Fleet Review]] at Spithead in celebration of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]'s Diamond Jubilee.<ref name=PB/>


==="Pacification of Crete"===
===International Squadron===
[[File:HMS Hazard, Dryad-class torpedo gunboat - IWM Q 75560.jpg|thumb|''Hazard'']]
''Hazard'' was present during 1897 and 1898 at the campaign by the [[Great Powers]] to [[History of Crete#Cretan State|pacify Crete]]. A council of Naval officers ordered that the Customs House at Candia be turned over to the British in order to initiate a system of export duties. On 6 September 1898 a well-armed mob attacked the small force of soldiers and sailors at the customs house, and concurrently the British camp and hospital at the other end of the town were assaulted. ''Hazard'' opened fire on the town with her 4.7-inch guns when no support was provided by the Turkish troops charged with keeping order. The mob turned their attentions on the native Christian community, killing upwards of 1,000 men, women and children. ''Hazard'' lost four seamen killed and several wounded; Lieutenant Lewes, the commanding officer of ''Hazard'' was promoted to commander, and Surgeon [[William Job Maillard]] was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]. A monument to the killed seaman has been placed in the Upper Barracca at Malta.<ref name=BC/>
''Hazard'' deployed to [[Crete]] in 1897 and 1898 to operate as part of the [[International Squadron (Crete intervention, 1897-1898)|International Squadron]], a multinational force made up of ships of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]], [[French Navy]], [[Imperial German Navy]], Italian Royal Navy (''[[Regia Marina]]''), [[Imperial Russian Navy]], and Royal Navy that intervened in the February 1897-December 1898 Greek Christian uprising against the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s rule on the island. The squadron′s senior admirals formed an international "Admirals Council" to govern Crete during the intervention, and in early September 1898 they ordered that the [[customs house]] at Candia (now [[Heraklion]]) be turned over to the British in order to initiate a system of export [[Duty (economics)|duties]] to fund administration of the island. On 6 September 1898, a well-armed [[Cretan Turks|Cretan Turkish]] mob attacked the small force of British soldiers and sailors at the customs house and at the British camp and hospital to the west at the other end of the town. The mob also [[Candia massacre|massacred hundreds of Cretan Christian]] residents of the town. The only ship of the International Squadron on the scene, ''Hazard'' put reinforcements ashore and opened fire on the town with her 4.7-inch (119 mm) guns when [[Ottoman Army]] troops charged with keeping order did little to assist the British or Cretan Christian civilians or to restore order.<ref>McTiernan, p. 34.</ref><ref>Clowes, pp. 447-448.</ref><ref>[https://britishinterventionincrete.wordpress.com/2015/03/02/british-justice/ The British in Crete, 1896 to 1913: British Justice]</ref><ref>[https://britishinterventionincrete.wordpress.com/2015/08/25/candia-25-august-1898/ The British in Crete, 1896 to 1913: Iraklion, 25th August Street…then and now]</ref> ''Hazard'' lost four seamen killed and several wounded; [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]] Lewes, the [[commanding officer]] of ''Hazard'', was promoted to [[Commander (Royal Navy)|commander]] as a result of the action, and [[Ship's surgeon|Surgeon]] [[William Job Maillard]] was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]. A monument to the seamen killed was erected in the Upper Barracca at [[Malta]].<ref name=BC/>


===Submarine depot ship===
===Submarine depot ship===
[[File:HMS Hazard (1894) and submarine No2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Holland 2|HM Submarine ''No.2'']] alongside ''Hazard'']]
[[File:HMS Hazard (1894) and submarine No2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Holland 2|HM Submarine ''No.2'']] alongside ''Hazard'']]
In 1901<ref name=RW/> she was converted into the world's first [[Submarine tender|submarine depot ship]],<ref name=FS>{{cite book | last= Compton-Hall | first=Richard | year=1983 |publisher= Conway Maritime Press |isbn=978-1-904381-19-8|title=First Submarines | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTL7O8IMFZ0C | accessdate=2009-02-24 }}</ref> the only ship of her class to be so converted. She was commissioned 20 August 1901 with a complement of 94 officers and men,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Thursday |date=15 August 1901 |page_number=8 |issue=36534}}</ref> her first captain in the new role was Captain [[Reginald Bacon]], who held the post of "Inspecting Captain of submarine boats". She was despatched to [[Barrow-in-Furness]] to take up her new task. In the summer of 1902 ''Hazard'' led a group consisting of HM Submarines [[Holland 2|''No.2'']] and [[Holland 3|''No.3'']], and Torpedo Boat ''No.42'' to Portsmouth, where, together with submarines [[Holland 1|''No.1'']], [[Holland 4|''No.4'']] and [[Holland 5|''No.5'']], they formed the First Submarine Flotilla.<ref name=FS/>
In 1901<ref name=RW/> ''Hazard'' was converted into the world's first [[Submarine tender|submarine depot ship]],<ref name=FS>{{cite book | last= Compton-Hall | first=Richard | year=1983 |publisher= Conway Maritime Press |isbn=978-1-904381-19-8|title=First Submarines | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTL7O8IMFZ0C | access-date=2009-02-24 }}</ref> the only ship of her class to be so converted. She was commissioned 20 August 1901 with a complement of 94 officers and men,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=15 August 1901 |page=8 |issue=36534}}</ref> her first captain in the new role was Captain [[Reginald Bacon]], who held the post of "Inspecting Captain of submarine boats". She was despatched to [[Barrow-in-Furness]] to take up her new task. In the summer of 1902 ''Hazard'' led a group consisting of HM Submarines [[Holland 2|''No.2'']] and [[Holland 3|''No.3'']], and Torpedo Boat ''No.42'' to Portsmouth, where, together with submarines [[Holland 1|''No.1'']], [[Holland 4|''No.4'']] and [[Holland 5|''No.5'']], they formed the First Submarine Flotilla.<ref name=FS/> She took part in the [[Fleet review (Commonwealth realms)|fleet review]] held at [[Spithead]] on 16 August 1902 for the [[Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra|coronation]] of King [[Edward VII]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval Review at Spithead |date=15 August 1902 |page=5 |issue=36847}}</ref> Commander Edgar Lees succeeded in command on 1 January 1903.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=8 January 1903 |page=8 |issue=36972}}</ref>


===Collision with submarine ''A3''===
===Collision with submarine ''A3''===
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==Loss==
==Loss==
On 28 January 1918 she collided with the hospital ship<ref name=PB>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/H/02188.html|title=HMS ''Hazard'' at the Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels|accessdate=2009-02-24}}</ref> [[SS Western Australia|SS ''Western Australia'']] in the English Channel<ref name=RW/> and sank.<ref name=PB/><ref name=BC>{{cite web|url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/r_n_gunboats.htm|title=HMS ''Hazard'' at BattleshipsCruisers.co.uk|accessdate=2009-02-24}}</ref> The wreck sits upside down in two parts and various parts are missing having been salvaged.<ref name=Pritchard87 /> The wreck's location in a busy shipping channel makes it an unpopular target for divers.<ref name=Pritchard87>{{cite book |title=Dive Wight and Hampshire |last=Pritchard |first=Martin |last2=McDonald |first2=Kendall |year=1987 |publisher=Underwater World Publications |isbn=0-946020-15-9 |page=87 }}</ref>
On 28 January 1918 ''Hazard'' was cut in two by the hospital ship<ref name=PB>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/H/02188.html|title=HMS ''Hazard'' at the Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels|access-date=2009-02-24|archive-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815024904/http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/H/02188.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{SS|Western Australia}} in thick fog in the eastern Solent about {{convert|1/2|mi|spell=in}} east of the Warner buoy, and sank with the loss of four crew.<ref name=Maritime>[http://forgottenwrecks.maritimearchaeologytrust.org/forgottenwrecks/casestudywrecks/hms-hazard Maritime Archaeology Trust. ''Forgotten Wrecks of World War 1'']</ref><ref name=RW/><ref name=PB/><ref name=BC>{{cite web|url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/r_n_gunboats.htm|title=HMS ''Hazard'' at BattleshipsCruisers.co.uk|access-date=2009-02-24}}</ref> The wreck sits upside down in two parts in {{cvt|30|m}} of water; various parts are missing having been salvaged.<ref name=Pritchard87 /> The wreck's location in a busy shipping channel, together with poor visibility, makes it an unpopular target for divers.<ref name=Pritchard87>{{cite book |title=Dive Wight and Hampshire |last=Pritchard |first=Martin |last2=McDonald |first2=Kendall |year=1987 |publisher=Underwater World Publications |isbn=0-946020-15-9 |page=87 }}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note}}
{{reflist|group=Note}}


==References==
==Citations==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*{{Colledge}}
⚫
*{{winfield}}


==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Les |title=Royal Navy Torpedo Vessels |date=2023 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-3990-2285-9}}
* Clowes, Sir William Laird. ''The Royal Navy: A History From the Earliest Times to the Death of Queen Victoria, Volume Seven''. London: Chatham Publishing, 1997. {{ISBN|1-86176-016-7}}.
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
* [https://www.academia.edu/10428584/A_Very_Bad_Place_Indeed_For_a_Soldier._The_British_involvement_in_the_early_stages_of_the_European_Intervention_in_Crete._1897_-_1898 McTiernan, Mick, ''A Very Bad Place Indeed For a Soldier. The British involvement in the early stages of the European Intervention in Crete. 1897 - 1898,'' King's College, London, September 2014.]
⚫
* {{winfield}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|HMS Hazard (ship, 1894)}}

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[[Category:Dryad-class torpedo gunboats]]
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[[Category:Pembroke-built ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Pembroke Dock]]
[[Category:1894 ships]]
[[Category:1894 ships]]
[[Category:Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 23:33, 28 October 2023

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Hazard.

50°43′37″N 01°03′14″W / 50.72694°N 1.05389°W / 50.72694; -1.05389

Hazard
History
United Kingdom
NameHazard
BuilderPembroke Dockyard
Laid down1 December 1892
Launched14 February 1894
Commissioned24 July 1895
FateSunk in collision on 28 January 1918
General characteristics
Class and typeDryad-class torpedo gunboat
Displacement1,070 tons
Length262 ft 6 in (80.0 m)
Beam30 ft 6 in (9.3 m)
Draught13 ft (4.0 m)
Installed power3,500 ihp (2,600 kW)
Propulsion
  • 2 × 3-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines
  • Locomotive boilers
  • Twin screws
Speed18.2 knots (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph)
Complement120
Armament

The sixth HMS Hazard was a Dryad-class torpedo gunboat of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1894 and was converted into the world's first submarine depot ship in 1901. She collided with the submarine A3 on 2 February 1912, killing 14 men, and was herself sunk in collision with SS Western Australia on 28 January 1918.

Design[edit]

Ordered under the Naval Defence Act of 1889, which established the "Two-Power Standard", the class was contemporary with the first torpedo boat destroyers. With a length overall of 262 ft 6 in (80.01 m),[1] a beam of 30 ft 6 in (9.30 m)[1] and a displacement of 1,070 tons,[1] these torpedo gunboats were not small ships by the standard of the time; they were larger than the majority of World War I destroyers. Hazard was engined by Fairfield with two sets of vertical triple-expansion steam engines, two locomotive-type boilers, and twin screws. This layout produced 3,500 indicated horsepower (2,600 kW),[1] giving her a speed of 18.2 knots (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph).[1] She carried between 100 and 160 tons of coal and was manned by 120 sailors and officers.[1]

Armament[edit]

The armament when built comprised two QF 4.7-inch (12 cm) guns, four 6-pounder guns and a single 5-barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun. Her primary weapon was five 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes,[Note 1] with two reloads.[1] On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two of the five torpedoes were removed.[1]

History[edit]

Naval review of 1897[edit]

On 26 June 1897 Hazard was present at the Fleet Review at Spithead in celebration of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.[2]

International Squadron[edit]

Hazard

Hazard deployed to Crete in 1897 and 1898 to operate as part of the International Squadron, a multinational force made up of ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, French Navy, Imperial German Navy, Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina), Imperial Russian Navy, and Royal Navy that intervened in the February 1897-December 1898 Greek Christian uprising against the Ottoman Empire's rule on the island. The squadron′s senior admirals formed an international "Admirals Council" to govern Crete during the intervention, and in early September 1898 they ordered that the customs house at Candia (now Heraklion) be turned over to the British in order to initiate a system of export duties to fund administration of the island. On 6 September 1898, a well-armed Cretan Turkish mob attacked the small force of British soldiers and sailors at the customs house and at the British camp and hospital to the west at the other end of the town. The mob also massacred hundreds of Cretan Christian residents of the town. The only ship of the International Squadron on the scene, Hazard put reinforcements ashore and opened fire on the town with her 4.7-inch (119 mm) guns when Ottoman Army troops charged with keeping order did little to assist the British or Cretan Christian civilians or to restore order.[3][4][5][6] Hazard lost four seamen killed and several wounded; Lieutenant Lewes, the commanding officer of Hazard, was promoted to commander as a result of the action, and Surgeon William Job Maillard was awarded the Victoria Cross. A monument to the seamen killed was erected in the Upper Barracca at Malta.[7]

Submarine depot ship[edit]

HM Submarine No.2 alongside Hazard

In 1901[1] Hazard was converted into the world's first submarine depot ship,[8] the only ship of her class to be so converted. She was commissioned 20 August 1901 with a complement of 94 officers and men,[9] her first captain in the new role was Captain Reginald Bacon, who held the post of "Inspecting Captain of submarine boats". She was despatched to Barrow-in-Furness to take up her new task. In the summer of 1902 Hazard led a group consisting of HM Submarines No.2 and No.3, and Torpedo Boat No.42 to Portsmouth, where, together with submarines No.1, No.4 and No.5, they formed the First Submarine Flotilla.[8] She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.[10] Commander Edgar Lees succeeded in command on 1 January 1903.[11]

Collision with submarine A3[edit]

On 2 February 1912 Hazard, under the command of Lieutenant Charles J C Little, collided with the submerged submarine A3. The submarine was in the process of surfacing during exercises when she was struck;[8] the stricken submarine sank with the loss of all 14 personnel on board.[7]

World War I[edit]

Hazard

In August 1914 Hazard was serving as the depot for the Fourth Submarine Flotilla.[2]

Loss[edit]

On 28 January 1918 Hazard was cut in two by the hospital ship[2] SS Western Australia in thick fog in the eastern Solent about one-half mile (0.80 km) east of the Warner buoy, and sank with the loss of four crew.[12][1][2][7] The wreck sits upside down in two parts in 30 m (98 ft) of water; various parts are missing having been salvaged.[13] The wreck's location in a busy shipping channel, together with poor visibility, makes it an unpopular target for divers.[13]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ British "18 inch" torpedoes were 17.72 inches (45.0 cm) in diameter

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Winfield 2004, p. 307
  2. ^ a b c d "HMS Hazard at the Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels". Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
  3. ^ McTiernan, p. 34.
  4. ^ Clowes, pp. 447-448.
  5. ^ The British in Crete, 1896 to 1913: British Justice
  6. ^ The British in Crete, 1896 to 1913: Iraklion, 25th August Street…then and now
  7. ^ a b c "HMS Hazard at BattleshipsCruisers.co.uk". Retrieved 24 February 2009.
  8. ^ a b c Compton-Hall, Richard (1983). First Submarines. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-1-904381-19-8. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
  9. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36534. London. 15 August 1901. p. 8.
  10. ^ "Naval Review at Spithead". The Times. No. 36847. London. 15 August 1902. p. 5.
  11. ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36972. London. 8 January 1903. p. 8.
  12. ^ Maritime Archaeology Trust. Forgotten Wrecks of World War 1
  13. ^ a b Pritchard, Martin; McDonald, Kendall (1987). Dive Wight and Hampshire. Underwater World Publications. p. 87. ISBN 0-946020-15-9.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]

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