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{{Short description|Species of fig}}
{{Refimprove|type =plant|date=December 2009}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|image = Ginseng Ficus Hong Kong.jpg
|image = Ficus retusa herbarium sheet.jpg
|image_caption = ''Ficus retusa'', sometimes known as the "Ginseng ficus"
|image_caption =
⚫
|taxon = Ficus retusa
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Rosales]]
|familia = [[Moraceae]]
|genus = ''[[Ficus]]''
|species = '''''F. retusa'''''
⚫
|binomial = ''Ficus retusa''
⚫
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Ficus truncata'' <small>(Miq.) Miq.</small> nom. illeg.
* ''Ficus truncata'' <small>(Miq.) Miq.</small> nom. illeg.
}}
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2812043
|url = http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2812043
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|title = The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=13 April 2016}}</ref>
|accessdate = 13 April 2016}}</ref>
|}}
}}

'''''Ficus retusa''''' is a species of evergreen woody [[plant]] in the [[Ficus|fig]] genus, native to the [[Malay Archipelago]] and [[Malesia]] floristic region.
'''''Ficus retusa''''' is a species of evergreen woody plant in the [[Ficus|fig]] genus, native to the [[Malay Archipelago]] and [[Malesia]] floristic region. The species name has been widely mis-applied to ''[[Ficus microcarpa]]''.<ref>{{citation |chapter-url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=16897 |title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy |chapter=''Ficus microcarpa'' L. f.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Chaudhary|first1=Lal|last2=Sudhakar|first2=Jana|last3=Srivastava|first3=Anoop|last4=Bajpai|first4=Omesh|last5=Tiwari|first5=Rinkey|last6=V S Murthy|first6=G|date=2012-01-19|title=Synopsis of the Genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228327325|journal=Taiwania|volume=57|issue=2|pages=193–216|doi=10.6165/tai.2012.57(2).193}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=1947|title=The Gardens' bulletin, Singapore.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43588150#page/437/mode/1up|language=en|volume=[ser.4]:v.17}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''Ficus retusa'' is a rapidly growing, rounded, broad-headed, evergreen [[shrub]] or tree that can reach {{Convert|15|m|ft}} or more in height with an equal spread. The smooth, light grey trunk is quite striking, can grow to around {{convert|1|m|ft}} in diameter, and it firmly supports the massively spreading canopy. The largest known specimen is "Auntie Sarah's Banyan" at the Menehune Botanical Gardens near Nawiliwili, [[Kauai]], [[Hawai'i]] which is {{convert |33.53|m|ft}} in height, {{convert|76.2|m|ft}} in crown spread, with over one thousand aerial trunks.<ref>http://archives.starbulletin.com/1999/05/17/news/story6.html</ref> <ref>http://thegardenisland.com/news/article_e6a3e76e-4f87-5d5e-a55e-a321a581dff5.html</ref> <ref>http://archives.starbulletin.com/2000/08/05/news/story2.html</ref> <ref>http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/03/03/news/story18.html</ref> The F. retusa with the thickest trunk is also in Hawai'i, at Keaau Village, Puna District, on the Big Island. Its main trunk is {{convert|8.53|m|ft}} thick at breast height. It is also {{convert|59.44|m|ft}} in limb spread.<ref>Lorna C. Littlecott, "Hawaii First", AMERICAN FORESTS Vol.75 # 2 (February 1969) p. 61</ref>
''Ficus retusa'' is a rapidly growing, rounded, broad-headed, evergreen [[shrub]] or tree that can reach {{Convert|10|m|ft}} in height<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.cybertaxonomy.org/flora-malesiana/cdm_dataportal/taxon/23e41796-bd42-4f09-9d8e-7b81213beb5a|title=Ficus retusa &#124; Flora Malesiana}}</ref> with an equal spread. The smooth, light grey trunk is quite striking, can grow to around {{convert|1|m|ft}} in diameter, and it firmly supports the massively spreading canopy.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}


The tree has glabrous obovate leaves, usually longer than {{convert|10|cm|in}} and spirally arranged. It has a gray to reddish bark dotted with small, horizontal flecks, called lenticels, that are used by woody plant species for supplementary gas exchange through the bark. The name is commonly used to refer to ornamental indoor plants (for example bonsai) widely cultivated in temperate regions, but such plants generally belong to another species, ''[[Ficus microcarpa]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=513575#null|title=ITIS - Report: Ficus retusa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=408755|title=Ficus retusa auct. GRIN-Global}}</ref> The two species can be distinguished from the length of the leaf blade (usually {{convert|10-20|cm|in}} for ''F. retusa'', and usually less than {{convert|10|cm|in}} for ''F. microcarpa'' but rarely up to {{convert|15|cm|in}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://portal.cybertaxonomy.org/flora-malesiana/cdm_dataportal/polytomousKey/34e20c12-e562-41b4-ab5e-92df542cd6a2 | title=REGIONAL KEY: JAVA &#124; Flora Malesiana }}</ref>).
The glossy, dark green, leathery leaves are densely clothed on large, somewhat weeping branches and are usually infested with Cuban laurel thrips. New growth, produced all year long, is a light rose to chartreuse color, giving the tree a lovely two-toned effect.<ref>Gilman, E., Watson, D.: [http://hort.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/ficreta.pdf Fact Sheet ST-255], a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: November 1993.</ref>


''F. retusa'' is commonly used as a beginner's bonsai.
==Variety==
[[Ficus microcarpa|''Ficus microcarpa'' (Indian laurel)]], sometimes classified a ''F. retusa'' variety as ''Ficus retusa'' var. ''nitida'' [[George King (botanist)|King]],<ref>{{cite web|title=The Plant List (2010). Version 1.|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref> also known as banyan fig, Taiwan fig, ginseng fig, also native to Malesia floristic region and [[Indochina]] floristic region, and the [[Indomalaya ecozone]].

The tree has small, dark green leaves which alternate up the stem and which are oval. It has a gray to reddish bark dotted with small, horizontal flecks, called lenticels, and are used by woody plant species for supplementary gas exchange through the bark. It is considered one of the easiest trees to keep as a [[Bonsai]].

==Invasive species==
''Ficus retusa'' has been classified as an [[invasive species]] in southern [[Florida]] by the USDA.


==Notes==
==Notes==
⚫
{{Commons category|Ficus retusa}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2701705}}
⚫
{{commons category|Ficus retusa}}

==External links==




[[Category:Ficus|retusa]]
[[Category:Ficus|retusa]]
[[Category:Flora of Malesia]]
[[Category:Flora of Malesia]]
[[Category:Indomalaya ecozone flora]]
[[Category:Indomalayan realm flora]]
[[Category:Trees of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Plants used in bonsai]]
[[Category:Plants used in bonsai]]



{{-}}
{{Moraceae-stub}}


[[fi:Malaganviikuna]]
[[fi:Malaganviikuna]]

Latest revision as of 21:41, 27 December 2023

Ficus retusa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Species:
F. retusa
Binomial name
Ficus retusa
Synonyms[1]
  • Ficus truncata (Miq.) Miq. nom. illeg.

Ficus retusa is a species of evergreen woody plant in the fig genus, native to the Malay Archipelago and Malesia floristic region. The species name has been widely mis-applied to Ficus microcarpa.[2][3][4]

Description[edit]

Ficus retusa is a rapidly growing, rounded, broad-headed, evergreen shrub or tree that can reach 10 metres (33 ft) in height[5] with an equal spread. The smooth, light grey trunk is quite striking, can grow to around 1 metre (3.3 ft) in diameter, and it firmly supports the massively spreading canopy.[citation needed]

The tree has glabrous obovate leaves, usually longer than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) and spirally arranged. It has a gray to reddish bark dotted with small, horizontal flecks, called lenticels, that are used by woody plant species for supplementary gas exchange through the bark. The name is commonly used to refer to ornamental indoor plants (for example bonsai) widely cultivated in temperate regions, but such plants generally belong to another species, Ficus microcarpa.[3][4][6][7] The two species can be distinguished from the length of the leaf blade (usually 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in) for F. retusa, and usually less than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) for F. microcarpa but rarely up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in)[8]).

F. retusa is commonly used as a beginner's bonsai.

Notes[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ficus retusa.
  1. ^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 13 April 2016
  2. ^ "Ficus microcarpa L. f.", USDA GRIN Taxonomy
  3. ^ a b Chaudhary, Lal; Sudhakar, Jana; Srivastava, Anoop; Bajpai, Omesh; Tiwari, Rinkey; V S Murthy, G (2012-01-19). "Synopsis of the Genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India". Taiwania. 57 (2): 193–216. doi:10.6165/tai.2012.57(2).193.
  4. ^ a b "The Gardens' bulletin, Singapore". [ser.4]:v.17. 1947. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ "Ficus retusa | Flora Malesiana".
  6. ^ "ITIS - Report: Ficus retusa".
  7. ^ "Ficus retusa auct. GRIN-Global".
  8. ^ "REGIONAL KEY: JAVA | Flora Malesiana".
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