Yuanying: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox religious biography |
{{Infobox religious biography |
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| honorific-prefix = |
| honorific-prefix = |
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| name = |
| name = Yuanying |
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| honorific-suffix = |
| honorific-suffix = |
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| native_name = 圆瑛 |
| native_name = 圆瑛 |
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| image = Yuan Ying.jpg |
| image = Yuan Ying.jpg |
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| image_size = 225px |
| image_size = 225px |
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| caption = |
| caption = Yuanying |
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| religion = [[Chan Buddhism]] |
| religion = [[Chan Buddhism]] |
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| school = [[Linji school]] |
| school = [[Linji school]] |
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| parents = Yuan Yun (father) |
| parents = Yuan Yun (father) |
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| title = Venerable Master of the [[Buddhist Association of China]] |
| title = Venerable Master of the [[Buddhist Association of China]] |
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| period = |
| period = 1953 |
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| predecessor = |
| predecessor = |
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| successor = [[Geshe Sherab Gyatso]] |
| successor = [[Geshe Sherab Gyatso]] |
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| background = #FFD068 |
| background = #FFD068 |
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}} |
}} |
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''' |
'''Yuanying''' ({{zh|s=圆瑛|t=圓瑛|p=Yuányīng}}; 1878 – 12 September 1953) was a [[Chinese people|Chinese]] [[Chan Buddhist]] master and the first Venerable Master of the [[Buddhist Association of China]].<ref name="Fish" >{{cite news|url=http://fo.ifeng.com/special/chuanyinzhanglaozt/beiminzhiluchujia/detail_2010_03/26/408093_1.shtml |script-title=zh:高僧辈出的五十年代 |newspaper= Ifeng|date=2010-03-26 |language=zh}}</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Yuanying was born '''Wu Changfa''' ({{zh|c=吳昌發|p=|labels=no}}) and '''Wu Hengchun''' ({{zh|c=吳亨春|p=|labels=no}}) into a family of farming background in Pinghu Township of [[Gutian County]], in [[Fujian]] province, in 1878. His parents died when he was six and then he lived with his uncle. At the age of 10, he aspired to become a Buddhist monk, but his uncle did not approve. By age 18, he attended the [[Imperial examination]] and became a xiucai. One year later, he received ordination as a monk at [[Meifeng Temple]] in [[Fuzhou]] under master Zeng Xi ({{zh|c=增西上人|p=|labels=no}}) and then received [[prātimokṣa]] under master Miao Lian ({{zh|c=妙蓮老和尚|p=|labels=no}}) at [[Yongquan Temple (Fuzhou)|Yongquan Temple]]. When he was 21, he began to learn [[Chan Buddhism]] under master Ye Kai ({{zh|c=冶開老和尚|p=|labels=no}}), he stayed with his teacher for four years. At the age of 25, he resided in [[Tiantong Temple]] with his teacher Bazhi Toutuo ({{zh|c=八指頭陀|p=|labels=no}}).<ref name="Fish" /> |
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In 1908, he settled at Yongquan Temple, in [[Quanzhou]], where he taught Chan Buddhism, and attracted large numbers of practitioners. In 1909, he became the abbot of [[Jiedai Temple]]. In 1912, the Chinese Buddhist Association was founded and he was elected a councilor. In 1917, |
In 1908, he settled at Yongquan Temple, in [[Quanzhou]], where he taught Chan Buddhism, and attracted large numbers of practitioners. In 1909, he became the abbot of [[Jiedai Temple]]. In 1912, the Chinese Buddhist Association was founded and he was elected a councilor. In 1917, Yuanying was elected Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of [[Ningbo]], he establish two schools to promote the development of local education project. He spread Chan Buddhism in [[Beijing]] in 1920 and then in [[Singapore]] and [[Penang Island]] in 1922. In 1923, Yuanying returned to Quanzhou, he rebuilt the [[Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou)|Kaiyuan Temple]] and founded [[kindergarten]] in the temple, which adopted more than 200 orphans. In 1926, Yuanying went to [[Southeast Asia]] again to collect donations. In 1928, the [[Nationalist government]] issued the "Administrative Regulations of Religious Temples", an Anti - Buddhism Movement swept over the country. In 1929, along with [[Taixu]] and others, Yuanying formed the China Buddhist Association in [[Shanghai]] where he was President. They signed a large petition calling for stopping the destruction of Buddhism. In 1930, Yuanying became the abbot of Tiantong Temple, where he taught Chan Buddhism for six years. In 1937, he was the abbot of Yongquan Temple, at the age of 60. On July 7, the [[Marco Polo Bridge Incident]] broke out, Yuanying organized an ambulance corps for to serve the Nationalists. In October, he went to Singapore to collect money for the military expenditures. In the autumn of 1939, Yuanying returned to Shanghai and settled at Yuanming Lecture Room ({{zh|c=圓明講堂|p=|labels=no}}), he was soon arrested by the Japanese military police corps, he was mistreated and tortured. Shanghai people from all walks of life to rescue him, under pressure, the Japanese had to release him. In 1943 former [[Beiyang government]] prime minister [[Jin Yunpeng]] invited him to [[Tianjin]] to preach. In 1945, he founded the Yuanming Lengyan School ({{zh|c=圓明楞嚴專宗學院|p=|labels=no}}), where he served as president and expound the texts of ''[[Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fo.ifeng.com/zhongsheng/detail_2007_11/23/240454_0.shtml |script-title=zh:圆瑛法师：坚持正义威武不屈 |newspaper=Ifeng |date=2007-11-23 |language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://fo.ifeng.com/a/20141010/40833032_0.shtml |script-title=zh:高僧故事：圆瑛大师抗战护国 被捕受刑威武不屈 |newspaper=Ifeng |date=2014-10-11 |language=zh}}</ref> |
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After the establishment of the [[Communist Party of China|Communist State]] in 1951, |
After the establishment of the [[Communist Party of China|Communist State]] in 1951, Yuanying attended the Asia and Pacific Regional Peace Conference in Beijing. In 1953, [[Hsu Yun]] formed the [[Buddhist Association of China]] at Kuang Chi (Extensive Aid) Monastery, Yuanying was elected its first Venerable Master. On September 12, he died of [[esophagus cancer]] at Tiantong Temple, in Ningbo, [[Zhejiang]] province, aged 76.<ref name="Fish" /> |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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In 2014, a historical drama film based on the early boyhood of |
In 2014, a historical drama film based on the early boyhood of Yuanying was shot in his hometown.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://roll.sohu.com/20140809/n403287276.shtml |script-title=zh:公益电影《少年圆瑛》在榕开机 重现爱国僧侣成长历程 |newspaper=Sohu |date=2014-08-09 |language=zh}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{s-bef|before= New creation }} |
{{s-bef|before= New creation }} |
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{{s-ttl|title= Venerable Master of the [[Buddhist Association of China]] |
{{s-ttl|title= Venerable Master of the [[Buddhist Association of China]] |
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|years= |
|years= May–September 1953}} |
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{{s-aft|after= [[Geshe Sherab Gyatso]] }} |
{{s-aft|after= [[Geshe Sherab Gyatso]] }} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China}} |
{{Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yuanying}} |
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[[Category:1878 births]] |
[[Category:1878 births]] |
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[[Category:1953 deaths]] |
[[Category:1953 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from |
[[Category:People from Ningde]] |
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[[Category:Rinzai Buddhists]] |
[[Category:Rinzai Buddhists]] |
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[[Category:Chan Buddhists]] |
[[Category:Chan Buddhists]] |
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[[Category:Chinese Zen Buddhists]] |
[[Category:Chinese Zen Buddhists]] |
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[[Category:Chinese Buddhist monks]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Buddhist monks]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Chinese people]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Chinese people]] |
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[[Category:Religious leaders in China]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:38, 15 January 2024
Yuanying | |
|---|---|
圆瑛 | |
 Yuanying | |
| Title | Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China |
| Personal | |
| Born | Wu Changfa (吴昌发) Wu Hengchun (吴亨春) 1878 |
| Died | 1953 (aged 74–75) |
| Religion | Chan Buddhism |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Parent | Yuan Yun (father) |
| School | Linji school |
| Lineage | 40th generation |
| Dharma names | Hong Wu (宏悟) |
| Posthumous name | Tao Guang (韬光) Yihoutang Zhuren (一吼堂主人) |
| Senior posting | |
| Teacher | Zeng Xi Miao Lian Da Gong Ye Kai Bazhi Toutuo |
| Period in office | 1953 |
| Successor | Geshe Sherab Gyatso |
Students
| |
Yuanying (simplified Chinese: 圆瑛; traditional Chinese: 圓瑛; pinyin: Yuányīng; 1878 – 12 September 1953) was a Chinese Chan Buddhist master and the first Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China.[1]
Biography[edit]
Yuanying was born Wu Changfa (吳昌發) and Wu Hengchun (吳亨春) into a family of farming background in Pinghu Township of Gutian County, in Fujian province, in 1878. His parents died when he was six and then he lived with his uncle. At the age of 10, he aspired to become a Buddhist monk, but his uncle did not approve. By age 18, he attended the Imperial examination and became a xiucai. One year later, he received ordination as a monk at Meifeng Temple in Fuzhou under master Zeng Xi (增西上人) and then received prātimokṣa under master Miao Lian (妙蓮老和尚) at Yongquan Temple. When he was 21, he began to learn Chan Buddhism under master Ye Kai (冶開老和尚), he stayed with his teacher for four years. At the age of 25, he resided in Tiantong Temple with his teacher Bazhi Toutuo (八指頭陀).[1]
In 1908, he settled at Yongquan Temple, in Quanzhou, where he taught Chan Buddhism, and attracted large numbers of practitioners. In 1909, he became the abbot of Jiedai Temple. In 1912, the Chinese Buddhist Association was founded and he was elected a councilor. In 1917, Yuanying was elected Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of Ningbo, he establish two schools to promote the development of local education project. He spread Chan Buddhism in Beijing in 1920 and then in Singapore and Penang Island in 1922. In 1923, Yuanying returned to Quanzhou, he rebuilt the Kaiyuan Temple and founded kindergarten in the temple, which adopted more than 200 orphans. In 1926, Yuanying went to Southeast Asia again to collect donations. In 1928, the Nationalist government issued the "Administrative Regulations of Religious Temples", an Anti - Buddhism Movement swept over the country. In 1929, along with Taixu and others, Yuanying formed the China Buddhist Association in Shanghai where he was President. They signed a large petition calling for stopping the destruction of Buddhism. In 1930, Yuanying became the abbot of Tiantong Temple, where he taught Chan Buddhism for six years. In 1937, he was the abbot of Yongquan Temple, at the age of 60. On July 7, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, Yuanying organized an ambulance corps for to serve the Nationalists. In October, he went to Singapore to collect money for the military expenditures. In the autumn of 1939, Yuanying returned to Shanghai and settled at Yuanming Lecture Room (圓明講堂), he was soon arrested by the Japanese military police corps, he was mistreated and tortured. Shanghai people from all walks of life to rescue him, under pressure, the Japanese had to release him. In 1943 former Beiyang government prime minister Jin Yunpeng invited him to Tianjin to preach. In 1945, he founded the Yuanming Lengyan School (圓明楞嚴專宗學院), where he served as president and expound the texts of Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra.[2][3]
After the establishment of the Communist State in 1951, Yuanying attended the Asia and Pacific Regional Peace Conference in Beijing. In 1953, Hsu Yun formed the Buddhist Association of China at Kuang Chi (Extensive Aid) Monastery, Yuanying was elected its first Venerable Master. On September 12, he died of esophagus cancer at Tiantong Temple, in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, aged 76.[1]
Further reading[edit]
In 2014, a historical drama film based on the early boyhood of Yuanying was shot in his hometown.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c 高僧辈出的五十年代. Ifeng (in Chinese). 2010-03-26.
- ^ 圆瑛法师：坚持正义威武不屈. Ifeng (in Chinese). 2007-11-23.
- ^ 高僧故事：圆瑛大师抗战护国 被捕受刑威武不屈. Ifeng (in Chinese). 2014-10-11.
- ^ 公益电影《少年圆瑛》在榕开机 重现爱国僧侣成长历程. Sohu (in Chinese). 2014-08-09.
External links[edit]
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
